The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Effects of oxytocin on recollections of maternal care and closeness
Open accessAbstract
Although the infant–caregiver attachment bond is critical to survival, little is known about the biological mechanisms supporting attachment representations in humans. Oxytocin plays a key role in attachment bond formation and maintenance in animals and thus could be expected to affect attachment representations in humans. To investigate this possibility, we administered 24 IU intranasal oxytocin to healthy male adults in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover designed study and then assessed memories of childhood maternal care and closeness—two features of the attachment bond. We found that the effects of oxytocin were moderated by the attachment representations people possess, with less anxiously attached individuals remembering their mother as more caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo) but more anxiously attached individuals remembering their mother as less caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo). These data contrast with the popular notion that oxytocin has broad positive effects on social perception and are more consistent with the animal literature, which emphasizes oxytocin's role in encoding social memories and linking those memories to the reward value of the social stimulus.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 24 IU intranasal oxytocin in healthy men, oxytocin did not broadly improve recollections of childhood maternal care and closeness. Instead, attachment anxiety moderated the effect: less anxious men recalled their mother more positively after oxytocin, while more anxious men recalled her less positively.
Key findings
- Oxytocin had no main effect on change in maternal care ratings [b = 0.02, t(26) = 0.22, nonsignificant] or maternal closeness ratings [b = −0.03, t(26) = −0.17, ns].
- Attachment anxiety significantly predicted oxytocin-vs-placebo change in maternal care [b = −0.12, t(26) = −2.16, P < 0.05] and maternal closeness [b = −0.45, t(26) = −2.95, P < 0.01]: less anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as more caring and close after oxytocin, whereas more anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as less caring and close.
- Avoidance and the anxiety × avoidance interaction did not predict change in maternal care (all ts < 1.7) or maternal closeness (all ts < 1.4).
- Oxytocin did not affect self-esteem, current attachment, closeness to participants’ closest current relationship partner, or state mood (all ts < 1 or ≤ 1), and participants were unaware of drug condition [54.84% receiving placebo and 45.16% receiving oxytocin; χ²(2, n = 62) = 1.42, ns].
Methods
- Participants were 31 medication-free, healthy men aged 19–45 y (mean, 27.06 y; SD, 7.05 y; median, 25 y) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial; they received 24 IU intranasal oxytocin or matching placebo on two occasions 3–5 wk apart.
- Baseline measures included the Experience in Close Relationships scale for adult attachment and the Profile of Mood States; approximately 90 min after oxytocin/placebo, recollections of maternal care were assessed with the Parental Bonding Instrument and maternal closeness with the Inclusion of Other in the Self scale.
- Main analyses used regression with mean-centered attachment anxiety, mean-centered avoidance, their interaction, and drug administration order to predict change scores calculated as oxytocin-day ratings minus placebo-day ratings.
Limitations
- The paper states that it cannot conclusively determine whether oxytocin increases accuracy of maternal recollections because it lacks information about participants’ attachment style to their mother in childhood, which would be needed for a true accuracy index.
- The paper states that participants were men, so future research is needed to confirm whether findings generalize to women; it also notes possible measurement issues for current attachment because it assessed general rather than mother-specific attachment.
- Evident from the text: the sample was small (31 men; regression df = 26), and maternal recollections were retrospective self-reports without independent verification of childhood maternal care or closeness.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
16 Own result · 13 Sources not found · 7 Own method · 4 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“remembered being closer to their mother (Fig. 2, left side) when they received oxytocin compared with when they received placebo”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“paired-samples t tests comparing change in state mood (i.e., postoxytocin/placebo mood ratings vs. baseline mood ratings) in the oxytocin and placebo conditions showed no effects of drug on change in anxiety, anger, depression, confusion, fatigue, or vigor (all ts < 1, ns).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neither avoidance nor the anxiety × avoidance interaction predicted change in maternal care (all ts < 1.7)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or change in maternal closeness ratings [b = −0.03, t(26) = −0.17, ns].”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and change in maternal closeness ratings for oxytocin vs. placebo [b = −0.45, t(26) = −2.95, P < 0.01].”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neither avoidance nor the anxiety × avoidance interaction predicted change in maternal care (all ts < 1.7)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results showed no main effect of oxytocin on change in maternal care ratings [b = 0.02, t(26) = 0.22, nonsignificant (ns)]”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“attachment anxiety significantly predicted change in maternal care ratings for oxytocin vs. placebo [b = −0.12, t(26) = −2.16, P < 0.05]”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“less anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as more caring (Fig. 1, left side)”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or change in maternal closeness (all ts < 1.4) ratings.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 7
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no effects of drug, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, or the anxiety × avoidance interaction on change in self-esteem (all ts < 1), current attachment (all ts ≤ 1), or perceptions of closeness to participants’ closest current relationship partner (all ts < 1).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regression analyses like those described above revealed no effects of drug, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, or the anxiety × avoidance interaction on change in self-esteem (all ts < 1)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no effects of drug, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, or the anxiety × avoidance interaction on change in self-esteem (all ts < 1), current attachment (all ts ≤ 1), or perceptions of closeness to participants’ closest current relationship partner (all ts < 1).”
plainn = 62- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Drug/placebo administration order was counterbalanced, and participants and experimenters were blind to drug condition (the Mount Sinai School of Medicine pharmacy oversaw packaging, storage, and dispensation of study drug and placebo, maintained drug accountability, and assigned randomization codes to study participants).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A working hypothesis is that social contact triggers the release of oxytocin; oxytocin then orients attention to social stimuli and facilitates the encoding of social memories along with the hedonic value of the social stimulus (via interactions with the dopamine system) so that attachment bonds are formed with social but not nonsocial objects (6, 9).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The attachment representation formed as a function of the infant–caregiver relationship then becomes an “interpretative filter” through which new relationships are meaningfully understood and construed (2, 3, 13), although it is clear that subsequent interpersonal experiences can modify people's attachment representations.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Eligible participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Experience in Close Relationships scale (ECR) (27), a widely used and highly reliable self-report measure of adult attachment.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Drug/placebo administration order was counterbalanced, and participants and experimenters were blind to drug condition (the Mount Sinai School of Medicine pharmacy oversaw packaging, storage, and dispensation of study drug and placebo, maintained drug accountability, and assigned randomization codes to study participants).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in which adult male participants received 24 IU intranasal oxytocin or a matching placebo on two occasions (3–5 wk apart).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A working hypothesis is that social contact triggers the release of oxytocin; oxytocin then orients attention to social stimuli and facilitates the encoding of social memories along with the hedonic value of the social stimulus (via interactions with the dopamine system) so that attachment bonds are formed with social but not nonsocial objects (6, 9).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Not matched
In the paper
“[Indeed, a recent meta-analysis found that infant and adult attachment styles are typically only moderately correlated (Pearson r = 0.27), indicating that there is both stability and change in attachment representations over time (14).]”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“These observations are striking given that maternal recollections like those assessed here are thought to be fairly stable (16).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [16]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“data suggest that global and relationship-specific measures tap distinguishable constructs that are modestly correlated (26).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Although there is some evidence that oxytocin facilitates accurate memory for faces in humans (17–19), we cannot conclusively say whether oxytocin increases people's accuracy here because we do not have information about participants’ attachment style to their mother in childhood, which would be needed for a true index of accuracy.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“theory (3) and empirical work (25) suggest that attachment representations are hierarchically organized, with episodic memories of specific attachment interactions at the bottom, representations of relationship “kinds” in the middle, and more general attachment representations at the top.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Attachment anxiety is theorized to be rooted in early experiences with a caregiver who inconsistently responds to the infant's bids for protection and nurturance; in response, the infant becomes anxious, preoccupied with securing the caregiver's love and attention, and fearful of abandonment.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Drug/placebo administration order was counterbalanced, and participants and experimenters were blind to drug condition (the Mount Sinai School of Medicine pharmacy oversaw packaging, storage, and dispensation of study drug and placebo, maintained drug accountability, and assigned randomization codes to study participants).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
“We investigated whether oxytocin is involved in human attachment representations by manipulating the availability of oxytocin in the brain and assessing the effects of oxytocin on recollections of childhood maternal care and closeness—two key features of the attachment bond.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Likewise, exogenous OXT can have anxiogenic effects in humans exposed to social stimuli (Bartz et al., 2010; Striepens et al., 2012; Grillon et al., 2013; MacDonald et al., 2013).”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play behavior by vasopressin and oxytocin depends on social context (2014) · cites this paper as Bartz et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“In line with this view, a study by Unkelbach, Guastella, and Forgas [68] showed that male participants were quicker to identify positively-valenced stimuli associated with bonding and relationships when operating under the influence of oxytocin compared to a placebo.”
From Could intranasal oxytocin be used to enhance relationships? Research imperatives, clinical policy, and ethical considerations (2013) · cites this paper as [68]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Additionally, in humans, exogenously administered oxytocin enhances the encoding of social memory, both of positive [30] and negative [31] events, suggesting that higher oxytocin levels improve memorization of social interactions.”
From Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Notably, the effects of OXT IN appear to be influenced by the attachment representations people possess.Less anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as more caring and close after OXT IN , but the opposite effect was observed for more anxiously attached individuals (53).”
From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“intranasal administration of OT increases the links between social memories and reward in mothers (41)”
From Neuroendocrinology of Parental Response to Baby‐Cry (2011) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“However, recent studies indicate that the beneficial effects of oxytocin are more nuanced than previously thought (Bartz et al., 2010;De Dreu et al., 2010;Van IJzendoorn et al., 2011).”
From Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal (2013) · cites this paper as Bartz et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“However, some previous studies have shown stronger OT effects in more socially adapted individuals such as those with low attachment anxiety (53) or low social anxiety (54).”
From Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“The studies, showing stronger OT effects in well-adapted individuals, used social-oriented trait measurement, such as the attachment anxiety scale that measured the attachment bond between participants and their parents (53).”
From Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“while more anxiously attached men remember their mother as less caring and close after OT (vs. placebo) (Bartz et al., 2010)”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Bartz et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“less anxiously attached, healthy men remember their mother as more caring and close after OT (vs. placebo)”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Bartz et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“However, opposite effects of OT administration on attachment have also been found: anxiously attached healthy males remembered their mother as less caring after OT administration, compared with placebo (Bartz et al, 2010).”
From Intranasal oxytocin administration dampens amygdala reactivity towards emotional faces in male and female PTSD patients (2016) · cites this paper as Bartz et al, 2010
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentt(26) = -0.17reported n.s. · recomputed p = .866
“t(26) = −0.17, ns”
- Consistentt(26) = -2.16reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .040
“t(26) = −2.16, p < .05”
- Consistentt(26) = -2.95reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .007
“t(26) = −2.95, p < .01”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
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Oxytocin increases trust in humans
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03701 · Cited by 3,690
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- J Bowlby Attachment and Loss, Volume 1. Attachment (Basic Books, New York, 1969).
- DM McNair, M Lorr, LF Dropplemanm EdiITS Manual for the Profile of Mood States (Educational & Industrial Testing Service, San Diego, CA, 1992).
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Sorted by citations
Oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain: social neuropeptides for translational medicine
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Domes, G., Kirsch, P., & Heinrichs, M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3044 · Cited by 1,688
Social effects of oxytocin in humans: context and person matter
Bartz, J. A., Zaki, J., Bolger, N., & Ochsner, K. N. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.05.002 · Cited by 1,581
Self-citationOlff, M., Frijling, J. L., Kubzansky, L. D., Bradley, B., Ellenbogen, M. A., Cardoso, C., Bartz, J. A., Yee, J. R., & van Zuiden, M. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.019 · Cited by 620
“Furthermore, intranasal oxytocin increased empathetic accuracy only in individuals who were less socially proficient (Bartz et al., 2010b).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationIs oxytocin “nature’s medicine”
Carter, C. S., Kenkel, W. M., MacLean, E. L., Wilson, S. R., Perkeybile, A. M., Yee, J. R., Ferris, C. F., Nazarloo, H. P., Porges, S. W., Davis, J. M., et al. (2020) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.120.019398 · Cited by 394
“These effects differ according to the social history of the individual, contributing to what has been termed “context” (Bartz et al., 2010; Carter, 2017).”
BackgroundGraustella, A. J., & MacLeod, C. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.002 · Cited by 379
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Kret, M. E. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.020 · Cited by 297
“org/journal maternal care and closeness, securely attached male subjects recalled more positive events, while anxiously attached male subjects recalled more negative experiences (48,51).”
BackgroundSwain, J. E., Kim, P., Spicer, J., Ho, S. S., Dayton, C. J., Elmadih, A., & Abel, K. M. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.007 · Cited by 290
“…in humans (Grillon et al., 2013; Striepens et al., 2012) and that less anxiously attached, healthy men remember their mother as more caring and close after OT (vs. placebo), while more anxiously attached men remember their mother as less caring and close after OT (vs. placebo) (Bartz et al., 2010).”
Cochran, D. M., Fallon, D., Hill, M., & Frazier, J. A. (2013) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0b013e3182a75b7d · Cited by 267
“…of participants (t(14) = 2.43; p = .03) Highly significant difference on easier items in the RMET (t(14) = 4.39; p = .001); no significant difference for harder items Bartz et al. (2010)42 27 male healthy controls Mean age = 26.8 ± 7.0 Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover…”
BackgroundInfluentialOxytocin facilitates protective responses to aversive social stimuli in males
Striepens, N., Scheele, D., Kendrick, K. M., Becker, B., Schäfer, L., Schwalba, K., Reul, J., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1208852109 · Cited by 242
“Furthermore, OXT appears to negatively bias recollections of maternal care and closeness and to diminish trust and cooperation in insecurely or anxiously attached individuals (19, 20).”
BackgroundReducing Social Stress Elicits Emotional Contagion of Pain in Mouse and Human Strangers
Martin, L. J., Hathaway, G. A., Isbester, K., Mirali, S., Acland, E. L., Niederstrasser, N. G., Slepian, P. M., Trost, Z., Bartz, J. A., Sapolsky, R. M., et al. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.028 · Cited by 246
Self-citationWittig, R. M., Crockford, C., Deschner, T., Langergraber, K. E., Ziegler, T. E., & Zuberbühler, K. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3096 · Cited by 235
“Additionally, in humans, exogenously administered oxytocin enhances the encoding of social memory, both of positive [30] and negative [31] events, suggesting that higher oxytocin levels improve memorization of social interactions.”
BackgroundTreatment of obesity and diabetes using oxytocin or analogs in patients and mouse models
Zhang, H., Wu, C., Chen, Q., Chen, X., Xu, Z., Wu, J., & Cai, D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061477 · Cited by 224
“Though initially only recognized for functions in inducing female uterine contractions and milk let-down, OXT has recently been found to be important for social recognition, pair bonding, love and care in mammals and for mental and emotional well-being in humans [8-13].”
Tone, E. B., & Tully, E. C. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414001199 · Cited by 253
“such behaviors in subgroups of adults with disrupted attachment histories (Bartz, Simeon, et al., 2011; Bartz et al., 2010), which is consistent with a moderating role for relevant con-”
Fear-enhancing effects of septal oxytocin receptors
Guzmán, Y. F., Tronson, N. C., Jovasevic, V., Sato, K., Guedea, A. L., Mizukami, H., Nishimori, K., & Radulovic, J. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3465 · Cited by 215
Life in groups: the roles of oxytocin in mammalian sociality
Anacker, A. M. J., & Beery, A. K. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00185 · Cited by 223
“One showed that OT improves the recollections of maternal care received in more securely attached men, while it worsens recollections in more anxiously attached men (Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundDeconstructing sociality, social evolution and relevant nonapeptide functions
Goodson, J. L. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.005 · Cited by 206
“…and Hulihan, 1995; Goodson and Bass, 2000; Goodson et al., 2004; Thompson et al., 2006), dependent upon social phenotype and context (Goodson et al., 2009a; Kabelik et al., 2009; Bartz et al., 2010; De Dreu et al., 2010), or clearly antisocial (see references at the beginning of this paragraph).”
BackgroundSmith, K. E., Porges, E. C., Norman, G. J., Connelly, J. J., & Decety, J. (2014) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.863223 · Cited by 195
“Additionally, some of the pro-social effects of oxytocin appear to be moderated by caregiving experiences during early development (Bartz et al., 2010; Riem et al., 2013; van Ijzendoorn, Huffmeijer, Alink, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Tops, 2011).”
BackgroundRiem, M. M. E., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Tops, M., Boksem, M. A. S., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.313 · Cited by 191
“…shown that it stimulates a range of social behaviors (for a meta-analysis, see Van IJzendoorn and Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2011) including empathy (Bartz et al, 2010a), mind-reading (Domes et al, 2007), trust (Kosfeld et al, 2005), in-group altruism (De Dreu et al, 2010), and paternal stimulating…”
BackgroundNolte, T., Guiney, J., Fonagy, P., Mayes, L. C., & Luyten, P. (2011) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00055 · Cited by 210
“Because of the impairments in attachment in insecurely attached individuals, the quality of early experiences seems to have differential effects on the oxytonergic system (Heim et al., 2009; Bartz et al., 2010) and peripheral oxytocin levels in mothers watching cues of their infants (Strathearn et al.”
Intranasal administration of oxytocin: behavioral and clinical effects, a review
Veening, J. G., & Olivier, B. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.012 · Cited by 169
“…et al., 2010a; Hurlemann et al., 2010; Shamay-Tsoory et al., 2009; Tai et al., 1996), recognition of facial expressions and biological motion (Bartz et al., 2010b; Goldman et al., 2011; Perry et al., 2010), prosocial effects (Macdonald and Macdonald, 2010; Meyer-Lindenberg, 2008), stress…”
BackgroundLong, M., Verbeke, W., Ein‐Dor, T., & Vrtička, P. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.010 · Cited by 169
Kemp, A. H., Quintana, D. S., Kuhnert, R.-L., Griffiths, K., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044014 · Cited by 158
“Consistent with prior studies [27], OT did not impact on anxiety, anger, depression, confusion, fatigue, or vigor (all p’s .”
MethodResultBredewold, R., Smith, C. J. W., Dumais, K. M., & Veenema, A. H. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00216 · Cited by 164
“Likewise, exogenous OXT can have anxiogenic effects in humans exposed to social stimuli (Bartz et al., 2010; Striepens et al., 2012; Grillon et al., 2013; MacDonald et al., 2013).”
BackgroundYamasue, H., Yee, J. R., Hurlemann, R., Rilling, J. K., Chen, F. S., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., & Tost, H. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3327-12.2012 · Cited by 149
“In addition, OT has been implicated in impeded trust and cooperation as well as in negatively biased recollections of maternal care and closeness in insecurely or anxiously attached individuals (Bartz et al., 2010, 2011b).”
BackgroundDecreased Circulating Levels of Oxytocin in Obesity and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Qian, W., Zhu, T., Tang, B., Yu, S., Hu, H., Sun, W., Pan, R., Wang, J., Wang, D., Yang, L., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2206 · Cited by 149
Effects of intranasal oxytocin on 'compassion focused imagery'
Rockliff, H., Karl, A., McEwan, K., Gilbert, J., Matos, M., & Gilbert, P. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0023861 · Cited by 147
Oxytocin Modulates Neural Reactivity to Children's Faces as a Function of Social Salience
Wittfoth-Schardt, D., Gründing, J., Wittfoth, M., Lanfermann, H., Heinrichs, M., Domes, G., Buchheim, A., Gündel, H., & Waller, C. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.47 · Cited by 139
“Nevertheless, OT has also caused detrimental effects on recollections of early attachment in anxiously attached individuals (Bartz et al, 2010b) and on trust and cooperation in patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (Bartz et al, 2010a).”
BackgroundMacDonald, K., MacDonald, T. M., Brüne, M., Lamb, K., Wilson, M. P., Golshan, S., & Feifel, D. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.014 · Cited by 140
“…of attachment anxiety or attachment avoidance on this anxiogenic effect, given other evidence that attachment parameters moderate responses to OT (Bartz et al., 2010, 2011a; De Dreu, 2012), it is possible that giving OT to our predominantly insecurely attached sample may have primed memory…”
BackgroundThe effects of mother–infant singing on emotional closeness, affect, anxiety, and stress hormones
Fancourt, D. E., & Perkins, R. (2018) · Music & Science · doi:10.1177/2059204317745746 · Cited by 133
“” It has been used in a wide range of studies, including those relating to maternal closeness (Bartz et al., 2010) and those relating to singing and social bonding (Pearce et al.”
BackgroundDissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships
Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.013 · Cited by 136
“Less anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as more caring and close after OXT, but the opposite effect was observed for more anxiously attached individuals (53).”
ResultLong-term exposure to intranasal oxytocin in a mouse autism model
Bales, K. L., Solomon, M., Jacob, S., Crawley, J. N., Silverman, J. L., Larke, R. H., Sahagún, E., Puhger, K. R., Pride, M. C., & Mendoza, S. P. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.117 · Cited by 131
Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Riem, M. M. E., Mattie Tops, A., & Alink, L. R. A. (2011) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr067 · Cited by 126
Koch, S. B. J., van Zuiden, M., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.018 · Cited by 123
“Bohus et al., 1978; Toth et al., 2012). Several rodent studies have shown that intraventricular administration of OT facilitated the extinction of passive avoidance behaviour, measured as the latency to enter a compartment previously associated with an aversive stimulus (e.g. Bohus et al., 1978). Importantly, Toth and…”
BackgroundDai, L., Carter, C. S., Ying, J., Bellugi, U., Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H., & Korenberg, J. R. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038513 · Cited by 119
“Our data indicate a paradigm shift toward understanding OT as an endogenous modulator of human behaviors that may not always be adaptive in daily life; similar conclusions have been suggested by recent reports of the effects of intranasal OT [21,72,73,74,75,76,77].”
ResultMontag, C., Brockmann, E.-M., Lehmann, A. I., Müller, D. J., Rujescu, D., & Gallinat, J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051882 · Cited by 128
“In humans, a substantial body of research indicates its regulative function for social cognition [26–28], social memory [29–31], prosocial behavior [32–34], attachment [35] and trust [36].”
BackgroundSex, Receptors, and Attachment: A Review of Individual Factors Influencing Response to Oxytocin
MacDonald, K. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00194 · Cited by 119
“…example, neurotypical patients’ generosity in response to IN OT is moderated by parental love-withdrawal (Huffmeijer et al., 2012), and patients with aversive early attachment representations had a negative response to IN OT compared to those with more positive representations (Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundAdult attachment representations predict cortisol and oxytocin responses to stress
Pierrehumbert, B., Torrisi, R., Ansermet, F., Borghini, A., & Halfon, O. (2012) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.706394 · Cited by 115
“( 2010 ), showing that OT inhalation has different effects on recollections regarding maternal care, in adults characterized by, respectively, anxious 6 attachment (negative memories), and low-anxious attachment (positive-rewarding memories).”
BackgroundDe Dreu, C. K. W. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.003 · Cited by 114
“In another study, Bartz et al. (2010b) observed that especially among individuals high in attachment anxiety, oxytocin increased trust in a cooperative protagonist among individuals low in attachment avoidance, yet decreased trust in a cooperative protagonist among individuals high in attachment…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRiem, M. M. E., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Huffmeijer, R., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.023 · Cited by 114
“Studies have shown that intranasal administration of oxytocin promotes a range of social behaviors, including trust (Kosfeld et al., 2005), in-group altruism (De Dreu et al., 2010), empathy (Bartz et al., 2010a) and sensitivity to infant signals (Naber et al., 2010; Riem et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialOxytocin and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Yamasue, H., & Domes, G. (2017) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_24 · Cited by 109
Neuroendocrinology of Parental Response to Baby‐Cry
Swain, J. E., Kim, P., & Ho, S. S. (2011) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02212.x · Cited by 106
Seltzer, L. J., Ziegler, T. E., Connolly, M. J., Prososki, A. R., & Pollak, S. D. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12136 · Cited by 121
“Finally, in men who were anxiously attached to their mothers during childhood, intranasal OT seems to facilitate the recollection of negative memories of their rearing, whereas the opposite is true for men who were securely attached (Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundChildhood separation anxiety and the pathogenesis and treatment of adult anxiety.
Milrod, B., Markowitz, J., Gerber, A., Cyranowski, J., Altemus, M., Shapiro, T., Hofer, M., & Glatt, C. T. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13060781 · Cited by 90
Oxytocin and stress-related disorders: neurobiological mechanisms and treatment opportunities
Sippel, L. M., Allington, C. E., Pietrzak, R. H., Harpaz-Rotem, I., Mayes, L. C., & Olff, M. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547016687996 · Cited by 99
“Similarly, anxiously attached individuals remembered their mothers as less caring and close following OT versus placebo, compared with securely attached individuals, who remembered their mothers as more caring and close in childhood following IN OT versus placebo.(170) Alternatively, some studies suggest utility of IN…”
Acute intranasal oxytocin improves positive self-perceptions of personality
Cardoso, C., Ellenbogen, M. A., & Linnen, A.-M. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2527-6 · Cited by 98
“One advantage of this proposal is that it can explain why there are putative negative behavioral effects of oxytocin (Bartz et al. 2010b; De Dreu et al. 2010, 2011; Shamay-Tsoory et al. 2009).”
BackgroundKoch, S. B., van Zuiden, M., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.299 · Cited by 98
Sasayama, D., Hattori, K., Teraishi, T., Hori, H., Ota, M., Yoshida, S., Arima, K., Higuchi, T., Amano, N., & Kunugi, H. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.016 · Cited by 96
“Accumulating evidence indicates that oxytocin plays an important role in social interactions (Lim and Young, 2006; Bartz et al., 2010).”
DeWall, C. N., Gillath, O., Pressman, S. D., Black, L. L., Bartz, J. A., Moskovitz, J., & Stetler, D. A. (2014) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550613516876 · Cited by 96
“, 2011), activates negative cognitions about attachment figures in highly anxiously attached individuals (Bartz et al., 2010), and increases intolerance and aggression toward out-group members (De Dreu et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationWang, D., Yan, X., Li, M., & Ma, Y. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx085 · Cited by 86
“The effects of IN-OT have been shown to be modulated by cognitive style (Ma et al., 2015a), attachment style (Bartz et al., 2010), personality traits (Scheele et al., 2014; Perry et al., 2015; Ma et al., 2016b), social support (Winslow and Insel, 2004), and early life experiences (Meinlschmidt and…”
BackgroundOxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal
Riem, M. M. E., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Tops, M., Boksem, M. A. S., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.011 · Cited by 91
“However, recent studies indicate that the beneficial effects of oxytocin are more nuanced than previously thought (Bartz et al., 2010; De Dreu et al., 2010; Van IJzendoorn et al., 2011).”
Müller, L. E., Bertsch, K., Bülau, K., Herpertz, S. C., & Buchheim, A. (2018) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.05.011 · Cited by 109
Radke (2013) · doi:10.1177/0956797612472682 · Cited by 88
“…anxiety, findings are inconsistent, showing more beneficial effects of oxytocin for participants with low rather than high attachment anxiety (Bartz et al., 2010) but also for individuals with high trait anxiety (Alvares et al., 2012) and social anxiety disorder when administered alongside…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMitchell, J. M., Arcuni, P. A., Weinstein, D., & Woolley, J. D. (2016) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000213 · Cited by 82
“Our results suggest that oxytocin may be effective at reducing alcohol cravings in individuals with alcohol abuse with anxious attachment styles and are consistent with previous reports that oxytocin effects can be moderated by attachment anxiety (Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPlasencia, G., Luedicke, J., Pournajafi‐Nazarloo, H., Carter, C. S., & Ebner, N. C. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104419 · Cited by 87
“Previous studies have shown that OT increased positive emotions in those securely attached and negative emotions in those anxiously attached (Bartz et al., 2010).”
Resultvan IJzendoorn, M. H., Huffmeijer, R., Alink, L. R. A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Tops, M. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00258 · Cited by 83
“Bartz et al., 2010b; see also Bartz et al., in press) found that effects of oxytocin administration were moderated by participants’ attachment representations.”
BackgroundInfluentialRole of oxytocin receptors in modulation of fear by social memory
Guzmán, Y. F., Tronson, N. C., Sato, K., Mesic, I., Guedea, A. L., Nishimori, K., & Radulović, J. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3356-6 · Cited by 86
“A similar role of Oxt in memory has also been established in humans, where Oxt enhanced the intensity rating of both positive and negative social memories at recall (Bartz et al. 2010).”
BackgroundThe neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment
Tomoda, A., Nishitani, S., Takiguchi, S., Fujisawa, T. X., Sugiyama, T., & Teicher, M. H. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01779-y · Cited by 115
“Conversely, more anxiously attached individuals remember their mother as less caring [181].”
Oxytocin and the Pharmacological Dissection of Affiliation
Bartz, J. A. (2016) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721415626678 · Cited by 77
“In another study (Bartz et al., 2010), we found that even normal variation in attachment anxiety moderates the effects of oxytocin.”
BackgroundSelf-citationAntisocial oxytocin: Complex effects on social behavior
Beery, A. K. (2015) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.006 · Cited by 74
Social neuroscience: The social brain, oxytocin, and health
Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C., Cole, S. W., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2011.568702 · Cited by 77
“placebo) and more anxious individuals remembering their mother as less caring (Bartz et al, 2010b ).”
BackgroundHavránek, T., Zatkova, M., Lestanova, Z., Bačová, Z., Mravec, B., Hodosy, J., Štrbák, V., & Bakoš, J. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23559 · Cited by 71
“Unexpected anxiogenic and fearenhancing effects of oxytocin were observed in humans and mice (Bartz et al., 2010; Pagan et al., 2011).”
BackgroundChang, S. W. C., & Platt, M. L. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.006 · Cited by 71
“…envy (Shamay-Tsoory et al., 2009), negative outgroup bias (De Dreu et al., 2011), negative social perception in individuals with anxious attachment (Bartz et al., 2010), declined social interactions (Bales and Carter, 2003), as well as aggressive behaviors, such as mate-guarding aggression…”
BackgroundOxytocin selectively moderates negative cognitive appraisals in high trait anxious males
Alvares, G. A., Chen, N. T. M., Balleine, B. W., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.018 · Cited by 71
Oxytocin administration alters HPA reactivity in the context of parent–infant interaction
Weisman, O., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.06.006 · Cited by 70
“Other studies showed no effects of OT administration on circulating CT (Burri et al., 2008; de Oliviera et al., 2012).”
Huffmeijer, R., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2012) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000341333 · Cited by 71
Peled‐Avron, L., Abu-Akel, A. M., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.023 · Cited by 79
Bartz, J. A., Lydon, J. E., Kolevzon, A., Zaki, J., Hollander, E., Ludwig, N., & Bolger, N. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615580279 · Cited by 70
Self-citationHormones, Stress, and Cognition: The Effects of Glucocorticoids and Oxytocin on Memory
Wirth, M. M. (2014) · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s40750-014-0010-4 · Cited by 77
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript effects of oxytocin manipulation seem to depend on the attachment style of the person receiving the oxytocin (Bartz et al., 2010; 2011a; 2011b; de Dreu, 2012).”
BackgroundSchneider-Hassloff, H., Straube, B., Jansen, A., Nuscheler, B., Wemken, G., Witt, S. H., Rietschel, M., & Kircher, T. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.009 · Cited by 71
“The social salience hypothesis postulates that OXT heightens attention to social cues, increases their salience via linking them to mesolimbic dopamine pathways and enhances the formation of social memories along with their reinforcing properties [Bartz et al., 2010; Insel and Young, 2001; Skuse and Gallagher, 2011].”
BackgroundThe endocrinology of human caregiving and its intergenerational transmission
Bos, P. A. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000973 · Cited by 71
“Whereas individuals scoring low on self-reported anxious attachment reported their mother as being more close and caring after OXT administration, individuals high on anxious attachment reported their mother as less caring after OXT (Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundTabak, B. A., Meyer, M. L., Castle, E., Dutcher, J. M., Irwin, M. R., Han, J. H., Lieberman, M. D., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.006 · Cited by 67
Sex- and context-dependent effects of oxytocin on social sharing
Ma, X., Zhao, W., Luo, R., Zhou, F., Geng, Y., Xu, L., Gao, Z., Zheng, X., Becker, B., & Kendrick, K. M. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.004 · Cited by 68
“, 2016), but also more negative memories about maternal care (Bartz et al., 2010), less positive compassionate experiences (Rockliff et al.”
Campbell-Smith, E. J., Holmes, N. M., Lingawi, N. W., Panayi, M. C., & Westbrook, R. F. (2015) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.036962.114 · Cited by 66
“…that the levels of conditioned fear may interact with OT signaling in specific amygdala nuclei to determine the effects on the acquisition and expression of fear as well as those on shortand long-term fear inhibition; effects which may be important for the therapeutic use of OT (Bartz et al. 2010).”
BackgroundEisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Rubinow, D. R., Schiller, C. E., Johnson, J. L., Leserman, J., & Girdler, S. S. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.026 · Cited by 73
“Notably, experiences and traits associated with negative social cognitive bias moderate the effects of oxytocin, another hormone that increases social salience (Bartz et al., 2011), on social cognition (Bartz et al., 2010a) and social behavior (Bartz et al., 2010b).”
BackgroundThe Roles of Oxytocin and CD38 in Social or Parental Behaviors
Lopatina, O. L., Ивановна, И. А., Salmina, A. B., & Higashida, H. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00182 · Cited by 66
“Nasal OXT spray can modify social signals and the social feedback process in high-functioning autistic patients (Andari et al., 2010; Bartz et al., 2010; Hirosawa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMairesse, J., Gatta, E., Reynaert, M., Marrocco, J., Morley‐Fletcher, S., Soichot, M., Deruyter, L., Camp, G. V., Bouwalerh, H., Fagioli, F., et al. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.005 · Cited by 63
MacDonald, K. S., Berlow, R., & Thomas, M. L. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.040 · Cited by 65
Effects of a 10-day oxytocin trial in older adults on health and well-being
Barraza, J. A., Grewal, N. S., Ropacki, S., Perez, P., Gonzalez, A., & Zak, P. J. (2013) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0031581 · Cited by 61
Oxytocin and anxiety disorders
Gottschalk, M. G., & Domschke, K. (2017) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_25 · Cited by 61
Current findings on the role of oxytocin in the regulation of food intake
Spetter, M. S., & Hallschmid, M. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.007 · Cited by 61
Oxytocin sharpens self-other perceptual boundary
Colonnello, V., Chen, F. S., Panksepp, J., & Heinrichs, M. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.010 · Cited by 58
“This result is in line with previous studies showing that explicit self-esteem is not influenced by oxytocin administration (Bartz et al., 2010; Cardoso et al., 2012).”
ResultThe Neurobiology of Empathy in Borderline Personality Disorder
Ripoll, L. H., Snyder, R., Steele, H., & Siever, L. J. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0344-1 · Cited by 59
“Oxytocin improves empathic accuracy in individuals with autistic symptoms [84] and heightens positive recollections of maternal attachment figures in individuals reporting less attachment anxiety, while those reporting high attachment anxiety remember their mothers as less caring when given oxytocin [85].”
BackgroundOxytocin effects on neural correlates of self-referential processing
Liu, Y., Sheng, F., Woodcock, K. A., & Han, S. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.08.003 · Cited by 55
Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback
Ma, Y., Li, S., Wang, C., Liu, Y., Li, W., Yan, X., Chen, Q., & Han, S. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1604285113 · Cited by 54
“However, some previous studies have shown stronger OT effects in more socially adapted individuals such as those with low attachment anxiety (53) or low social anxiety (54).”
BackgroundResultOxytocin, Tolerance, and the Dark Side of Addiction
Pedersen, C. A. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.08.003 · Cited by 58
Ellenbogen, M. A., Linnen, A.-M., Cardoso, C., & Joober, R. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.06.016 · Cited by 53
Oxytocin as a moderator of hypnotizability
Bryant, R. A., Hung, L., Guastella, A. J., & Mitchell, P. B. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.010 · Cited by 54
Endogenous oxytocin, cortisol, and testosterone in response to group singing
Bowling, D. L., Gahr, J., Ancochea, P. G., Hoeschele, M., Canoine, V., Fusani, L., & Fitch, W. T. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105105 · Cited by 51
“…example, the directionality of oxytocin's effect depend on who a person is interacting with (friend, foe, or stranger; De Dreu et al., 2010; Declerck et al., 2010), as well as individual differences in stress and anxiety associated with social attachment (Bartz et al., 2010; Declerck et al., 2020).”
Thielke, L. E., & Udell, M. A. R. (2015) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12235 · Cited by 55
“A similar phenomenon has been studied in humans, where administration of intranasal OT resulted in individuals with anxious attachments to their mothers remembering their mothers as less caring and close, while individuals who had secure attachments to their mothers remembered their mothers as more caring and close af…”
BackgroundSzymanska, M., Schneider, M., Chateau‐Smith, C., Nezelof, S., & Vulliez‐Coady, L. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12544 · Cited by 54
“Especially among participants who were high rather than low in attachment avoidance, OT reduced betrayal aversion, and increased trust and cooperation compared to PB.”
BackgroundInfluentialKompier, N. F., Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., Lucassen, P. J., & Krugers, H. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00143 · Cited by 53
Wudarczyk, O. A., Earp, B. D., Guastella, A., & Savulescu, J. (2013) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3283642e10 · Cited by 61
Complexity of oxytocin׳s effects in a chronic cocaine dependent population
Lee, M. R., Glassman, M., King‐Casas, B., Kelly, D. L., Stein, E. A., Schroeder, J. R., & Salmeron, B. J. (2014) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.06.005 · Cited by 52
“OT has been shown to increase memory of negative events (Bartz et al., 2010) in persons with insecure attachment patterns, startle response to aversive social stimuli (Striepens et al., 2012) and, in a nonsocial context, anxiety to unpredictable threat (Striepens et al., 2012), perhaps an adaptive…”
BackgroundThe cultural contagion of conflict
Gelfand, M. J., Shteynberg, G., Lee, T., Lun, J., Lyons, S., Bell, C. M., Chiao, J. Y., Bruss, C. B., Al-Dabbagh, M., Aycan, Z., et al. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0304 · Cited by 52
DeAngelis, R., Gogola, J. V., Dodd, L., & Rhodes, J. S. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.02.013 · Cited by 50
“The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been well studied for its role in female parental care; its release at parturition is a catalyst for an array of behavioral and physiological changes critical for offspring survival (Bartz et al., 2010; Francis et al., 2000).”
BackgroundOnline social support group use by breastfeeding mothers: A content analysis
Wagg, A. J., Callanan, M. M., & Hassett, A. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01245 · Cited by 50
“Berkman and Glass (2000) stated that seminal theories have provided richness, understanding and a rigorous attempt to define the critical domains of social support, that are still used today.”
BackgroundRiem, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2016.1149872 · Cited by 30
“questionnaire, and it is also consistent with studies showing that oxytocin effects are a function of the baseline socio-emotional information processing of the individual (Bartz et al., 2010; Luminet et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLi, Q., Zhang, B., Cao, H., Liu, W., Guo, F., Shen, F., Ye, B., Liu, H., Li, Y., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107836 · Cited by 47
Riem, M. M. E., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Voorthuis, A., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.014 · Cited by 51
Urinary and plasma oxytocin changes in response to MDMA or intranasal oxytocin administration
Francis, S. M., Kirkpatrick, M. G., de Wit, H., & Jacob, S. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.011 · Cited by 46
Metadata
- Authors
- Bartz, J. A., Zaki, J., Ochsner, K. N., Bolger, N., Kolevzon, A., Ludwig, N., & Lydon, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Bartz, Jennifer A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-11-29
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 21371-21375
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3003037
- OpenAlex
- W2152693006
- Semantic Scholar
- bacdcf8193a328fb39c30e9123de395750a2b004
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 8.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Beatrice and Samuel A. Seaver Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- oxytocin, maternal care, attachment representations, childhood memories, closeness, attachment anxiety, social memory, social perception, intranasal oxytocin, social reward
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Animals, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Memory, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Placebos, Social Perception, Cross-Over Studies
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