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Resting-state glutamate level in the anterior cingulate predicts blood-oxygen level-dependent response to cognitive control

Falkenberg, Liv E., Westerhausen, René, Specht, Karsten, Hugdahl, Kenneth·2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.1115628109
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Abstract

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a core structure for the governing of cognitive control, and recent studies have shown that interindividual differences in dACC anatomy are associated with corresponding differences in the ability for cognitive control. However, individuals differ not only in anatomical features of dACC, but also exhibit substantial variability regarding the biochemical characteristics of the dACC. In this study, we combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), finding that interindividual differences of glutamate levels in the dACC during resting-state predict the strength of the blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to a task requiring cognitive control. This relationship was observed in the retrosplenial cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, the inferior parietal lobe, and the basal ganglia. More specifically, individuals with low resting-state glutamate levels in the dACC showed an increased BOLD response when the task demands were high, whereas high-glutamate individuals showed the opposite pattern of an increased BOLD response when the task demands were low. Thus, we show here that individual variability of glutamate levels is directly related to how the brain implements cognitive control.

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Fig. 1 Positioning of the voxel (here left hemisphere) for the 1 H-MRS in the dACC (note the tilt of the voxel in the transverse plane) ( A ). The fMRI analysis showed a signi fi cant interaction [ P < 0.05, familywise error (FWE), extent threshold 20 voxels, n = 40] of attention instruction and interaural intensity difference also within the 1 H-MRS voxel in the dACC ( B ), displaying an increase in the BOLD response ( n = 40) when the task required high levels of cognitive control ( C ). FR, forced-right attention; FL, forced-left attention; RE+, right ear 18 dB louder; LE+, left ear 18 dB louder.
Fig. 1 Positioning of the voxel (here left hemisphere) for the 1 H-MRS in the dACC (note the tilt of the voxel in the transverse plane) ( A ). The fMRI analysis showed a signi fi cant interaction [ P < 0.05, familywise error (FWE), extent threshold 20 voxels, n = 40] of attention instruction and interaural intensity difference also within the 1 H-MRS voxel in the dACC ( B ), displaying an increase in the BOLD response ( n = 40) when the task required high levels of cognitive control ( C ). FR, forced-right attention; FL, forced-left attention; RE+, right ear 18 dB louder; LE+, left ear 18 dB louder.CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 2 Regions showing a signi fi cant interaction ( P < 0.001, uncorrected, extent threshold 20 voxel) of attention instruction, IID, and rsGlu. Individuals with lower levels of rsGlu display increased BOLD response when the demand for cognitive control is high (attention directed toward the less salient stimulus), whereas individuals high in rsGlu show the opposite pattern with higher BOLD response when the cognitive control demand is low (attention directed toward the salient stimulus). Vertical bars denote SE. BG, basal ganglia; FL, forced-left attention condition; FR, forced-right attention condition; IPL, inferior parietal lobe; L, left; LE+, left ear 18 dB louder; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; R, right; RE+, right ear 18 dB louder; RSC, retrosplenial cortex.
Fig. 2 Regions showing a signi fi cant interaction ( P < 0.001, uncorrected, extent threshold 20 voxel) of attention instruction, IID, and rsGlu. Individuals with lower levels of rsGlu display increased BOLD response when the demand for cognitive control is high (attention directed toward the less salient stimulus), whereas individuals high in rsGlu show the opposite pattern with higher BOLD response when the cognitive control demand is low (attention directed toward the salient stimulus). Vertical bars denote SE. BG, basal ganglia; FL, forced-left attention condition; FR, forced-right attention condition; IPL, inferior parietal lobe; L, left; LE+, left ear 18 dB louder; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; R, right; RE+, right ear 18 dB louder; RSC, retrosplenial cortex.CC-BY · From the PDF

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Metadata

Authors
Falkenberg, L. E., Westerhausen, R., Specht, K., & Hugdahl, K.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2012-03-12
Volume
109
Issue
13
Pages
5069-5073
ISSN
  • 0027-8424
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1115628109
Cited by
72
References
1
Language
en

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Resting-state glutamate level in the anterior cingulate predicts blood-oxygen level-dependent response to cognitive control. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1115628109
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Falkenberg, L. E., Westerhausen, R., Specht, K., & Hugdahl, K. (2012). Resting-state glutamate level in the anterior cingulate predicts blood-oxygen level-dependent response to cognitive control. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115628109