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Pain relief produces negative reinforcement through activation of mesolimbic reward-valuation circuitry
Open accessAbstract
Relief of pain is rewarding. Using a model of experimental postsurgical pain we show that blockade of afferent input from the injury with local anesthetic elicits conditioned place preference, activates ventral tegmental dopaminergic cells, and increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Importantly, place preference is associated with increased activity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and blocked by dopamine antagonists injected into the nucleus accumbens. The data directly support the hypothesis that relief of pain produces negative reinforcement through activation of the mesolimbic reward–valuation circuitry.
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“mesolimbic dopamine projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the NAc are important in the analgesic effects induced by placebo and stress [55],[82], pain relief [58],[83], and the changes in motivated behavior caused by chronic pain [84].”
From Distinct Brain Systems Mediate the Effects of Nociceptive Input and Self-Regulation on Pain (2015) · cites this paper as [58]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Navratilova, E., Xie, J. Y., Okun, A., Qu, C., Eyde, N., Ci, S., Ossipov, M. H., King, T., Fields, H. L., & Porreca, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of New England (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-11-26
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 20709-20713
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3528534
- OpenAlex
- W2052380247
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17
- FWCI
- 7.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA034975)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Keywords
- analgesia, negative reinforcement, mesolimbic reward circuitry, postoperative pain, conditioned place preference, ventral tegmental area, dopaminergic neurons, nucleus accumbens, dopamine release, local anesthetics, dopamine antagonists
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Anesthetics, Local, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Limbic System, Male, Models, Neurological, Nerve Block, Nucleus Accumbens, Pain, Pain, Postoperative, Postoperative Pain, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reward, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ventral Tegmental Area, Dopamine Antagonists, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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