FosB differentially modulates nucleus accumbens direct and indirect pathway function
Open accessAbstract
Synaptic modifications in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) play a key role in adaptive and pathological reward-dependent learning, including maladaptive responses involved in drug addiction. NAc MSNs participate in two parallel circuits, direct and indirect pathways that subserve distinct behavioral functions. Modification of NAc MSN synapses may occur in part via changes in the transcriptional potential of certain genes in a cell type–specific manner. The transcription factor ∆FosB is one of the key proteins implicated in the gene expression changes in NAc caused by drugs of abuse, yet its effects on synaptic function in NAc MSNs are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of ∆FosB decreased excitatory synaptic strength and likely increased silent synapses onto D1 dopamine receptor–expressing direct pathway MSNs in both the NAc shell and core. In contrast, ∆FosB likely decreased silent synapses onto NAc shell, but not core, D2 dopamine receptor–expressing indirect pathway MSNs. Analysis of NAc MSN dendritic spine morphology revealed that ∆FosB increased the density of immature spines in D1 direct but not D2 indirect pathway MSNs. To determine the behavioral consequences of cell type-specific actions of ∆FosB, we selectively overexpressed ∆FosB in D1 direct or D2 indirect MSNs in NAc in vivo and found that direct (but not indirect) pathway MSN expression enhances behavioral responses to cocaine. These results reveal that ∆FosB in NAc differentially modulates synaptic properties and reward-related behaviors in a cell type- and subregion-specific fashion.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Expressing ΔFosB in all nucleus accumbens neurons increases overall resilience and excitatory transmission.
“Despite enhancements in overall resilience and excitatory transmission following expression of ΔFosB in all NAc neurons, overexpression in a stress naïve mice decreased excitatory synaptic strength in D1-MSNs via an increased number of silent synapses and stubby spines, while in D2-MSNs, overexpression increased excitatory transmission in the shell and decreased silent synapses (85).”
From Emerging Role for Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes in Depression (2017) · cites this paper as [85]
In stress-naïve mice, overexpressing ΔFosB lowers excitatory synaptic strength in D1 medium spiny neurons by increasing silent synapses and stubby spines.
“Despite enhancements in overall resilience and excitatory transmission following expression of ΔFosB in all NAc neurons, overexpression in a stress naïve mice decreased excitatory synaptic strength in D1-MSNs via an increased number of silent synapses and stubby spines, while in D2-MSNs, overexpression increased excitatory transmission in the shell and decreased silent synapses (85).”
From Emerging Role for Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes in Depression (2017) · cites this paper as [85]
In stress-naïve mice, overexpressing ΔFosB raises excitatory transmission in the shell and reduces silent synapses in D2 medium spiny neurons.
“Despite enhancements in overall resilience and excitatory transmission following expression of ΔFosB in all NAc neurons, overexpression in a stress naïve mice decreased excitatory synaptic strength in D1-MSNs via an increased number of silent synapses and stubby spines, while in D2-MSNs, overexpression increased excitatory transmission in the shell and decreased silent synapses (85).”
From Emerging Role for Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes in Depression (2017) · cites this paper as [85]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Synaptic plasticity and addiction
Kauer, J. A., & Malenka, R. C. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2234 · Cited by 1,397 · see citing works
Self-citationLiao, D., Hessler, N. A., & Malinow, R. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375400a0 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Evidence for silent synapses: Implications for the expression of LTP
Isaac, J. T. R., Nicoll, R. A., & Malenka, R. C. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90046-2 · Cited by 1,233 · see citing works
Self-citationDrug-evoked synaptic plasticity in addiction: from molecular changes to circuit remodeling
Lüscher, C., & Malenka, R. C. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.017 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Self-citationStructural plasticity associated with exposure to drugs of abuse
Robinson, T. E., & Kolb, B. E. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.025 · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of addiction
Robison, A. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3111 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Self-citationGong, S., Doughty, M., Harbaugh, C. R., Cummins, A., Hatten, M. E., Heintz, N., & Gerfen, C. R. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2707-07.2007 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Balancing Structure and Function at Hippocampal Dendritic Spines
Bourne, J. N., & Harris, K. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125646 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Cell type-specific loss of BDNF signaling mimics optogenetic control of cocaine reward
Lobo, M. K., Covington, H. E., Chaudhury, D., Friedman, A. K., Sun, H., Damez-Werno, D., Dietz, D. M., Zaman, S., Koo, J. W., Kennedy, P. J., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188472 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Self-citationFormation of accumbens GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors mediates incubation of cocaine craving
Conrad, K. L., Tseng, K. Y., Uejima, J. L., Reimers, J. M., Heng, L.-J., Shaham, Y., Marinelli, M., & Wolf, M. E. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06995 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Essential Role of the Histone Methyltransferase G9a in Cocaine-Induced Plasticity
Maze, I., Covington, H. E., Dietz, D. M., LaPlant, Q., Renthal, W., Russo, S. J., Mechanic, M., Mouzon, E., Neve, R. L., Haggarty, S. J., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1179438 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Self-citationThe addicted synapse: mechanisms of synaptic and structural plasticity in nucleus accumbens
Russo, S. J., Dietz, D. M., Dumitriu, D., Morrison, J. H., Malenka, R. C., & Nestler, E. J. (2010) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2010.02.002 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Self-citationExpression of the transcription factor ΔFosB in the brain controls sensitivity to cocaine
Kelz, M. B., Chen, J., Carlezon, W. A., Whisler, K., Gilden, L., Beckmann, A. M., Steffen, C., Zhang, Y.-J., Marotti, L., Self, D. W., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/45790 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of gene expression and cocaine reward by CREB and ΔFosB
McClung, C. A., & Nestler, E. J. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1143 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Self-citationAntidepressant effect of optogenetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex
Covington, H. E., Lobo, M. K., Maze, I., Vialou, V., Hyman, J. M., Zaman, S., LaPlant, Q., Mouzon, E., Ghose, S., Tamminga, C. A., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1731-10.2010 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Self-citationSilent synapses and the emergence of a postsynaptic mechanism for LTP
Kerchner, G. A., & Nicoll, R. A. (2008) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2501 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
ΔFosB in brain reward circuits mediates resilience to stress and antidepressant responses
Vialou, V., Robison, A. J., LaPlant, Q. C., Covington, H. E., Dietz, D. M., Ohnishi, Y. N., Mouzon, E., Rush, A. J., Watts, E. L., Wallace, D. L., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2551 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Self-citationTranscriptional mechanisms of addiction: role of ΔFosB
Nestler, E. J. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0067 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Self-citationAnhedonia requires MC4R-mediated synaptic adaptations in nucleus accumbens
Lim, B. K., Huang, K. W., Grueter, B. A., Rothwell, P. E., & Malenka, R. C. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11160 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citationCREB modulates excitability of nucleus accumbens neurons
Dong, Y., Green, T. A., Saal, D. B., Marie, H., Neve, R. L., Nestler, E. J., & Malenka, R. C. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1661 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, K.-W., Kim, Y. D., Kim, A. M., Helmin, K. A., Nairn, A. C., & Greengard, P. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0511244103 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Postsynaptic TRPV1 triggers cell type–specific long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens
Grueter, B. A., Brasnjo, G., & Malenka, R. C. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2685 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Self-citationIn Vivo Cocaine Experience Generates Silent Synapses
Huang, Y. H., Lin, Y., Mu, P., Lee, B. R., Brown, T. E., Wayman, G. A., Marie, H., Liu, W., Yan, Z., Sorg, B. A., et al. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.007 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
A Role for Repressive Histone Methylation in Cocaine-Induced Vulnerability to Stress
Covington, H. E., Maze, I., Sun, H., Bomze, H. M., DeMaio, K. D., Wu, E. Y., Dietz, D. M., Lobo, M. K., Ghose, S., Mouzon, E., et al. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.06.007 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citationCocaine Regulates MEF2 to Control Synaptic and Behavioral Plasticity
Pulipparacharuvil, S., Renthal, W., Hale, C. F., Taniguchi, M., Xiao, G., Kumar, A., Russo, S. J., Sikder, D., Dewey, C. M., Davis, M. M., et al. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.020 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationKullmann, D. (1994) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90318-2 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
An essential role for ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens in morphine action
Zachariou, V., Bolaños, C. A., Selley, D. E., Theobald, D. E. H., Cassidy, M. P., Kelz, M. B., Shaw-Lutchman, T., Berton, O., Sim‐Selley, L. J., Dileone, R., et al. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1636 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationOptogenetic inhibition of cocaine seeking in rats
Stefanik, M. T., Moussawi, K., Kupchik, Y. M., Smith, K. C., Miller, R. L., Huff, M. L., Deisseroth, K. A., Kalivas, P. W., & LaLumiere, R. T. (2012) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00479.x · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Shuen, J. A., Chen, M., Gloss, B. R., & Calakos, N. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5492-07.2008 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Generation of Silent Synapses by Acute In Vivo Expression of CaMKIV and CREB
Marie, H., Morishita, W., Yu, X., Calakos, N., & Malenka, R. C. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.039 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationStriatal Cell Type-Specific Overexpression of ΔFosB Enhances Incentive for Cocaine
Colby, C. R., Whisler, K., Steffen, C., Nestler, E. J., & Self, D. W. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-06-02488.2003 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationRobison, A. J., Vialou, V., Mazei-Robison, M., Feng, J., Kourrich, S., Collins, M., Wee, S., Koob, G., Turecki, G., Neve, R., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5192-12.2013 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationA Silent Synapse-Based Mechanism for Cocaine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization
Brown, T. E., Lee, B. R., Mu, P., Ferguson, D., Dietz, D., Ohnishi, Y. N., Lin, Y., Beroun, A., Ishikawa, M., Huang, Y. H., et al. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0016-11.2011 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCutcheon, J. E., Wang, X., Tseng, K. Y., Wolf, M. E., & Marinelli, M. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0350-11.2011 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Miczek, K. A., Nikulina, E. M., Shimamoto, A., & Covington, H. E. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0637-11.2011 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Regulation of delta FosB and FosB-like proteins by electroconvulsive seizure and cocaine treatments.
Chen, J., Nye, H. E., Kelz, M. B., Hiroi, N., Nakabeppu, Y., Hope, B. T., & Nestler, E. J. (1995) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)10546-4 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrating synaptic plasticity and striatal circuit function in addiction
Grueter, B. A., Rothwell, P. E., & Malenka, R. C. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2011.09.009 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationCell Type-Specific Alterations in the Nucleus Accumbens by Repeated Exposures to Cocaine
Kim, J., Park, B.-H., Lee, J. H., Park, S. K., & Kim, J. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.01.013 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Kourrich, S., & Thomas, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3028-09.2009 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Behavioral sensitization to cocaine after a brief social defeat stress: c-fos expression in the PAG
Miczek, K. A., Nikulina, E. M., Kream, R. M., Carter, G. L., & Fernández‐Espejo, E. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050829 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Nikulina, E. M., Marchand, J. E., Kream, R. M., & Miczek, K. A. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00925-1 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Potential Utility of Optogenetics in the Study of Depression
Lobo, M. K., Nestler, E. J., & Covington, H. E. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.026 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Robison AJ, et al. (2013) Behavioral and structural responses to chronic cocaine re- quire a feed-forward loop involving ΔFosB and CaMKII in the nucleus accumbens shell. J Neurosci, in press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Scofield, M. D., Heinsbroek, J. A., Gipson, C. D., Kupchik, Y. M., Spencer, S., Smith, A. C. W., Roberts-Wolfe, D., & Kalivas, P. W. (2016) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.116.012484 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of depression: Insights from human and rodent studies
Ménard, C., Hodes, G. E., & Russo, S. J. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.053 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Vialou, V., Bagot, R. C., Cahill, M. E., Ferguson, D., Robison, A. J., Dietz, D. M., Fallon, B., Mazei-Robison, M., Ku, S. M., Harrigan, E., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1787-13.2014 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
“FosB has been shown to suppress AMPA glutamate responses, and c-Fos expression, in NAc medium spiny neurons (Renthal et al., 2008; Vialou et al., 2010; Grueter et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Emperor Has No Clothes: A Review of the ‘Pornography Addiction’ Model
Ley, D., Prause, N., & Finn, P. (2014) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-014-0016-8 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Neuroscience of Internet Pornography Addiction: A Review and Update
Love, T., Laier, C., Brand, M., Hatch, L., & Hajela, R. (2015) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs5030388 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Chd8 Mutation Leads to Autistic-like Behaviors and Impaired Striatal Circuits
Platt, R. J., Zhou, Y., Slaymaker, I. M., Shetty, A. S., Weisbach, N. R., Kim, J.-A., Sharma, J., Desai, M., Sood, S., Kempton, H. R., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.052 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Lobo, M. K., Zaman, S., Damez-Werno, D. M., Koo, J. W., Bagot, R. C., DiNieri, J. A., Nugent, A., Finkel, E., Chaudhury, D., Chandra, R., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1875-13.2013 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Role for Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes in Depression
Francis, T. C., & Lobo, M. K. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.09.007 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
∆FosB: A transcriptional regulator of stress and antidepressant responses
Nestler, E. J. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.034 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationRobison, A. J., Vialou, V., Mazei-Robison, M., Feng, J., Kourrich, S., Collins, M., Wee, S., Koob, G., Turecki, G., Neve, R., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5192-12.2013 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationA dopamine-induced gene expression signature regulates neuronal function and cocaine response
Savell, K. E., Tuscher, J. J., Zipperly, M. E., Duke, C. G., Phillips, R. A., Bauman, A. J., Thukral, S., Sultan, F. A., Goska, N. A., Ianov, L., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba4221 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The neural rejuvenation hypothesis of cocaine addiction
Dong, Y., & Nestler, E. J. (2014) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2014.05.005 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationSIRT1 Mediates Depression-Like Behaviors in the Nucleus Accumbens
Kim, H.-D., Hesterman, J., Call, T., Magazu, S., Keeley, E., Armenta, K., Kronman, H., Neve, R. L., Nestler, E. J., & Ferguson, D. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0212-16.2016 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse
Korpi, E. R., den Hollander, B., Farooq, U., Vashchinkina, E., Rajkumar, R., Nutt, D. J., Hyytiä, P., & Dawe, G. S. (2015) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.010967 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Hamilton, P. J., Burek, D. J., Lombroso, S. I., Neve, R. L., Robison, A. J., Nestler, E. J., & Heller, E. A. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.88 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of the Brain's Reward Circuitry in Depression
Nestler, E. J. (2015) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.003 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationRobison, A. J., Vialou, V., Sun, H.-S., Labonte, B., A Golden, S., Dias, C., Turecki, G., Tamminga, C., Russo, S., Mazei-Robison, M., et al. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.319 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationDrug addiction: from bench to bedside
Cheron, J., & Kerchove d’Exaerde, A. D. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01542-0 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Khibnik, L. A., Beaumont, M., Doyle, M., Heshmati, M., Slesinger, P. A., Nestler, E. J., & Russo, S. J. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.022 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationCholinergic modulation of dopamine pathways through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
de Kloet, S. F., Mansvelder, H. D., & De Vries, T. J. (2015) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.014 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Prefrontal cortex to accumbens projections in sleep regulation of reward
Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Cai, L., Li, Y., Chen, B., Dong, Y., & Huang, Y. H. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0347-16.2016 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Francis, T. C., Gaynor, A., Chandra, R., Fox, M. E., & Lobo, M. K. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.007 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Crofton, E. J., Li, D., Lobo, M. K., Fan, X., Nestler, E. J., & Green, T. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00297 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationSelective filtering of excitatory inputs to nucleus accumbens by dopamine and serotonin
Christoffel, D. J., Walsh, J. J., Hoerbelt, P., Heifets, B. D., Llorach, P., Lopez, R. C., Ramakrishnan, C., Deisseroth, K., & Malenka, R. C. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2106648118 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationChandra, R., Engeln, M., Francis, T. C., Konkalmatt, P., Patel, D., & Lobo, M. K. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.10.024 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Grueter, B. A., Robison, A. J., Neve, R. L., Nestler, E. J., & Malenka, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-01-14
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1923-1928
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3562792
- OpenAlex
- W2114303122
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18
- FWCI
- 12.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH051399)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R37DA007359, K99DA031699, P01DA008227, R01DA007359, R01DA014133)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- ΔFosB, nucleus accumbens, direct pathway, indirect pathway, medium spiny neurons, silent synapses, dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, dendritic spine morphology, cocaine reward, drug addiction, cell type-specific gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cocaine, Conditioning, Psychological, Luminescent Proteins, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Motor Activity, Synaptic Transmission, Nucleus Accumbens, Synapses, Tetrodotoxin, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Receptors, Dopamine D1, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Microscopy, Confocal, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Sodium Channel Blockers, Dendritic Spines, Mice, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
