Multisensor-integrated organs-on-chips platform for automated and continual in situ monitoring of organoid behaviors
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Monitoring human organ-on-a-chip systems presents a significant challenge, where the capability of in situ continual monitoring of organ behaviors and their responses to pharmaceutical compounds over extended periods of time is critical in understanding the dynamics of drug effects and therefore accurate prediction of human organ reactions. In this work, we report a fully integrated modular physical, biochemical, and optical sensing platform, interfaced through a fluidics-routing breadboard with a multi–organ-on-a-chip system to achieve in situ, continual, and automated sensing of microenvironment biophysical and biochemical parameters. It is anticipated that our platform technology that is conveniently compatible with existing organ-on-a-chip models will potentially enhance their performance in drug screening by providing a multitude of sensing data not previously available.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A two-organ system has been simulated using connected chambers containing different tissue constructs to mimic liver injury and Type-2 diabetes.
“The two-organ system has been simulated using connected chambers containing different tissue constructs to mimic liver injury (with intestinal epithelial cells and liver cells)101 and Type-2 diabetes (with human pancreatic islets and liver spheroids)102.”
From Organoids (2022) · cites this paper as [102]
Citation 102 is attached to the Type-2 diabetes example involving pancreatic islets and liver spheroids. The “Fully Integrated Human Liver (Cancer)-and Heart-on-Chips” section instead describes linked heart and liver organoids used to study drug responses and toxicity, not a pancreatic-islet–liver model of diabetes. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Kim, H. J., Li, H., Collins, J. J., & Ingber, D. E. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1522193112 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Phase II and Phase III attrition rates 2011–2012
Arrowsmith, J., & Miller, P. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4090 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Direct-write bioprinting of cell-laden methacrylated gelatin hydrogels
Bertassoni, L. E., Cardoso, J. C., Manoharan, V., Cristino, A. L., Bhise, N. S., Araujo, W. A., Zorlutuna, P., Vrana, N. E., Ghaemmaghami, A. M., Dokmeci, M. R., et al. (2014) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/024105 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Self-citationA liver-on-a-chip platform with bioprinted hepatic spheroids
Bhise, N. S., Manoharan, V., Massa, S., Tamayol, A., Ghaderi, M., Miscuglio, M., Lang, Q., Shrike Zhang, Y., Shin, S. R., Calzone, G., et al. (2016) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/014101 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Self-citationThe future of drug safety testing: expanding the view and narrowing the focus
Stevens, J. L., & Baker, T. K. (2009) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2008.11.009 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 55
- Paul SM, et al. (2010) How to improve R&D productivity: The pharmaceutical in- dustry's grand challenge. Nat Rev Drug Discov 9(3):203-214.
- Hay M, Thomas DW, Craighead JL, Economides C, Rosenthal J (2014) Clinical devel- opment success rates for investigational drugs. Nat Biotechnol 32(1):40-51.
- Ferri N, et al. (2013) Drug attrition during pre-clinical and clinical development: Un- derstanding and managing drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Pharmacol Ther 138(3): 470-484.
- Esch EW, Bahinski A, Huh D (2015) Organs-on-chips at the frontiers of drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 14(4):248-260.
- Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A (2015) Seeking the right context for evaluating nano- medicine: From tissue models in petri dishes to microfluidic organs-on-a-chip. Nanomedicine (Lond) 10(5):685-688.
- Jang HL, Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A (2016) Boosting clinical translation of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 11(12):1495-1497.
- Wikswo JP (2014) The relevance and potential roles of microphysiological systems in biology and medicine. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 239(9):1061-1072.
- Ebrahimkhani MR, Young CL, Lauffenburger DA, Griffith LG, Borenstein JT (2014) Approaches to in vitro tissue regeneration with application for human disease modeling and drug development. Drug Discov Today 19(6):754-762.
- Moraes C, Mehta G, Lesher-Perez SC, Takayama S (2012) Organs-on-a-chip: A focus on compartmentalized microdevices. Ann Biomed Eng 40(6):1211-1227.
- Knowlton S, Yenilmez B, Tasoglu S (2016) Towards single-step biofabrication of or- gans on a chip via 3D printing. Trends Biotechnol 34(9):685-688.
- Lee H, Cho D-W (2016) One-step fabrication of an organ-on-a-chip with spatial het- erogeneity using a 3D bioprinting technology. Lab Chip 16(14):2618-2625.
- Khetani SR, Bhatia SN (2008) Microscale culture of human liver cells for drug devel- opment. Nat Biotechnol 26(1):120-126.
- Bale SS, et al. (2015) A novel low-volume two-chamber microfabricated platform for evaluating drug metabolism and toxicity. Technology (Singap World Sci) 3(4): 155-162.
- Benam KH, et al. (2016) Small airway-on-a-chip enables analysis of human lung in- flammation and drug responses in vitro. Nat Methods 13(2):151-157.
- Huh D, et al. (2010) Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip. Science 328(5986):1662-1668.
- Bettinger CJ, Langer R, Borenstein JT (2009) Engineering substrate topography at the micro-and nanoscale to control cell function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 48(30): 5406-5415.
- Huh D, et al. (2007) Acoustically detectable cellular-level lung injury induced by fluid mechanical stresses in microfluidic airway systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(48): 18886-18891.
- Lee JS, et al. (2016) Placenta-on-a-chip: A novel platform to study the biology of the human placenta. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 29(7):1046-1054.
- Esch MB, Ueno H, Applegate DR, Shuler ML (2016) Modular, pumpless body-on-a-chip platform for the co-culture of GI tract epithelium and 3D primary liver tissue. Lab Chip 16(14):2719-2729.
- Bhatia SN, Ingber DE (2014) Microfluidic organs-on-chips. Nat Biotechnol 32(8): 760-772.
- Huh D, Hamilton GA, Ingber DE (2011) From 3D cell culture to organs-on-chips. Trends Cell Biol 21(12):745-754.
- Wikswo JP, et al. (2013) Scaling and systems biology for integrating multiple organs- on-a-chip. Lab Chip 13(18):3496-3511.
- Wikswo JP, et al. (2013) Engineering challenges for instrumenting and controlling integrated organ-on-chip systems. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 60(3):682-690.
- Bavli D, et al. (2016) Real-time monitoring of metabolic function in liver-on-chip microdevices tracks the dynamics of mitochondrial dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113(16):E2231-E2240.
- Griep LM, et al. (2013) BBB on chip: Microfluidic platform to mechanically and bio- chemically modulate blood-brain barrier function. Biomed Microdevices 15(1): 145-150.
- Taurino I, et al. (2016) Platinum nanopetal-based potassium sensors for acute cell death monitoring. RSC Advances 6(46):40517-40526.
- Cho S, Islas-Robles A, Nicolini AM, Monks TJ, Yoon J-Y (2016) In situ, dual-mode monitoring of organ-on-a-chip with smartphone-based fluorescence microscope. Biosens Bioelectron 86(15):697-705.
- Eklund SE, et al. (2003) Modification of the Cytosensor microphysiometer to simul- taneously measure extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rates. Anal Chim Acta 496(1-2):93-101.
- Eklund SE, et al. (2006) Multianalyte microphysiometry as a tool in metabolomics and systems biology. J Electroanal Chem 587(2):333-339.
- Eklund SE, Taylor D, Kozlov E, Prokop A, Cliffel DE (2004) A microphysiometer for simultaneous measurement of changes in extracellular glucose, lactate, oxygen, and acidification rate. Anal Chem 76(3):519-527.
- Weltin A, et al. (2014) Cell culture monitoring for drug screening and cancer research: A transparent, microfluidic, multi-sensor microsystem. Lab Chip 14(1):138-146.
- Eklund SE, et al. (2009) Metabolic discrimination of select list agents by monitoring cellular responses in a multianalyte microphysiometer. Sensors (Basel) 9(3):2117-2133.
- McKenzie JR, Cognata AC, Davis AN, Wikswo JP, Cliffel DE (2015) Real-time moni- toring of cellular bioenergetics with a multianalyte screen-printed electrode. Anal Chem 87(15):7857-7864.
- Zhang W, et al. (2016) Elastomeric free-form blood vessels for interconnecting organs on chip systems. Lab Chip 16(9):1579-1586.
- Shin SR, et al. (2016) Aptamer-based microfluidic electrochemical biosensor for monitoring cell secreted cardiac biomarkers. Anal Chem 88(20):10019-10027.
- Chivers CE, et al. (2010) A streptavidin variant with slower biotin dissociation and increased mechanostability. Nat Methods 7(5):391-393.
- Sud D, et al. (2006) Optical imaging in microfluidic bioreactors enables oxygen monitoring for continuous cell culture. J Biomed Opt 11(5):050504.
- Zhang YS, et al. (2015) A cost-effective fluorescence mini-microscope for biomedical applications. Lab Chip 15(18):3661-3669.
- Annabi N, et al. (2013) Highly elastic micropatterned hydrogel for engineering functional cardiac tissue. Adv Funct Mater 23(39):4950-4959.
- Sorrentino MF, Kim J, Foderaro AE, Truesdell AG (2012) 5-Fluorouracil induced car- diotoxicity: Review of the literature. Cardiol J 19(5):453-458.
- Zhang YF, et al. (2014) Role of receptor interacting protein (RIP)1 on apoptosis- inducing factor-mediated necroptosis during acetaminophen-evoked acute liver failure in mice. Toxicol Lett 225(3):445-453.
- Abassi YA, et al. (2012) Dynamic monitoring of beating periodicity of stem cell- derived cardiomyocytes as a predictive tool for preclinical safety assessment. Br J Pharmacol 165(5):1424-1441.
- Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Minotti G (2008) Cardiotoxicity of antitumor drugs. Chem Res Toxicol 21(5):978-989.
- Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Minaiyan M, Dabestan A (2010) Cytotoxic evaluation of doxo- rubicin in combination with simvastatin against human cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 5(2):127-133.
- Xie X, et al. (2015) In vitro hyperthermia studied in a continuous manner using electric impedance sensing. RSC Advances 5(76):62007-62016.
- Basile A, Biziato D, Sherbet GV, Comi P, Cajone F (2008) Hyperthermia inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis: Relative signaling status of P53, S100A4, and Notch in heat sensitive and resistant cell lines. J Cell Biochem 103(1):212-220.
- Toepke MW, Beebe DJ (2006) PDMS absorption of small molecules and consequences in microfluidic applications. Lab Chip 6(12):1484-1486.
- Wang JD, Douville NJ, Takayama S, ElSayed M (2012) Quantitative analysis of mo- lecular absorption into PDMS microfluidic channels. Ann Biomed Eng 40(9): 1862-1873.
- Fujii T, et al. (2003) A plug and play microfluidic device. Lab Chip 3(3):193-197.
- Yuen PK (2008) SmartBuild-A truly plug-n-play modular microfluidic system. Lab Chip 8(8):1374-1378.
- Bhargava KC, Thompson B, Malmstadt N (2014) Discrete elements for 3D micro- fluidics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(42):15013-15018.
- Loskill P, et al. (2015) μOrgano: A Lego Ò -like plug & play system for modular multi- organ-chips. PloS One 10(10):e0139587.
- Yuen PK (2016) A reconfigurable stick-n-play modular microfluidic system using magnetic interconnects. Lab Chip 16(19):3700-3707.
- Kang E, Shin SJ, Lee KH, Lee SH (2010) Novel PDMS cylindrical channels that generate coaxial flow, and application to fabrication of microfibers and particles. Lab Chip 10(14):1856-1861.
- Alami N, et al. (2007) Comparative analysis of xanafide cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer 97(1):58-64.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine
Kim, J., Koo, B.-K., & Knoblich, J. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3 · Cited by 2,187 · see citing works
Progress and potential in organoid research
Rossi, G., Manfrin, A., & Lutolf, M. P. (2018) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0051-9 · Cited by 1,182 · see citing works
Hofer, M., & Lutolf, M. P. (2021) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00279-y · Cited by 1,184 · see citing works
A guide to the organ-on-a-chip
Leung, C. M., de Haan, P., Ronaldson-Bouchard, K., Kim, G.-A., Ko, J., Rho, H. S., Chen, Z., Habibovic, P., Jeon, N. L., Takayama, S., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Methods Primers · doi:10.1038/s43586-022-00118-6 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Advances in organ-on-a-chip engineering
Zhang, B., Korolj, A., Lai, B. F. L., & Radisic, M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-018-0034-7 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Organs-on-chips: into the next decade
Low, L. A., Mummery, C., Berridge, B. R., Austin, C. P., & Tagle, D. A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0079-3 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., Chen, X., Dowbaj, A. M., Sljukic, A., Bratlie, K., Lin, L., Fong, E. L. S., Balachander, G. M., Chen, Z., Soragni, A., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Methods Primers · doi:10.1038/s43586-022-00174-y · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Park, S. E., Georgescu, A., & Huh, D. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw7894 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Organs-on-a-Chip: A Fast Track for Engineered Human Tissues in Drug Development
Ronaldson-Bouchard, K., & Vunjak-Novakovic, G. (2018) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2018.02.011 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Multi-tissue interactions in an integrated three-tissue organ-on-a-chip platform
Skardal, A., Murphy, S. V., Devarasetty, M., Mead, I., Kang, H.-W., Seol, Y.-J., Shrike Zhang, Y., Shin, S.-R., Zhao, L., Aleman, J., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08879-x · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Self-citationEnabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine
Ho, D., Quake, S. R., McCabe, E. R. B., Chng, W. J., Chow, E. K., Ding, X., Gelb, B. D., Ginsburg, G. S., Hassenstab, J., Ho, C.-M., et al. (2020) · Trends in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.021 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Interconnected Microphysiological Systems for Quantitative Biology and Pharmacology Studies
Edington, C. D., Chen, W. L. K., Geishecker, E., Kassis, T., Soenksen, L. R., Bhushan, B. M., Freake, D., Kirschner, J., Maass, C., Tsamandouras, N., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22749-0 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Sun, W., Starly, B., Daly, A. C., Burdick, J. A., Groll, J., Skeldon, G., Shu, W., Sakai, Y., Shinohara, M., Nishikawa, M., et al. (2020) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ab5158 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Self-citationOrgan-on-a-chip platforms: a convergence of advanced materials, cells, and microscale technologies
Ahadian, S., Civitarese, R., Bannerman, D., Mohammadi, M. H., Lu, R., Wang, E., Davenport‐Huyer, L., Lai, B., Zhang, B., Zhao, Y., et al. (2018) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201700506 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Multi-lineage human iPSC-derived platforms for disease modeling and drug discovery
Sharma, A., Sances, S., Workman, M. J., & Svendsen, C. N. (2020) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.011 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening
Savoji, H., Mohammadi, M. H., Rafatian, N., Toroghi, M. K., Wang, E. Y., Zhao, Y., Korolj, A., Ahadian, S., & Radisic, M. (2019) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.036 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Organ-on-a-Chip for Cancer and Immune Organs Modeling
Sun, W., Luo, Z., Lee, J., Kim, H., Lee, K., Tebon, P., Feng, Y., Dokmeci, M. R., Sengupta, S., & Khademhosseini, A. (2019) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201801363 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Automated Organoid Platform with Inter-organoid Homogeneity and Inter-patient Heterogeneity
Jiang, S., Zhao, H., Zhang, W., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Cao, Y., Zheng, H., Hu, Z., Wang, S., Zhu, Y., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100161 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationPrantil-Baun, R., Novak, R., Das, D., Somayaji, M. R., Przekwas, A., & Ingber, D. E. (2018) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104748 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
High-throughput organ-on-a-chip systems: Current status and remaining challenges
Probst, C., Schneider, S., & Loskill, P. (2018) · Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cobme.2018.02.004 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Liver-on-a-Chip models of fatty liver disease
Hassan, S., Sebastian, S., Maharjan, S., Lesha, A., Carpenter, A., Liu, X., Xie, X., Livermore, C., Zhang, Y. S., & Zarrinpar, A. (2020) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.31106 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationChallenges and Opportunities in the Design of Liver-on-Chip Microdevices
Ehrlich, A., Duche, D., Ouedraogo, G., & Nahmias, Y. (2019) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-060418-052305 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems in drug development and precision medicine
Gough, A., Soto-Gutierrez, A., Vernetti, L., Ebrahimkhani, M. R., Stern, A. M., & Taylor, D. L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-020-00386-1 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
In Vitro Strategies to Vascularize 3D Physiologically Relevant Models
Dellaquila, A., Le Bao, C., Letourneur, D., & Simon‐Yarza, T. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202100798 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
A decade of progress in liver regenerative medicine
Zhang, J., Zhao, X., Liang, L., Li, J., Demirci, U., & Wang, S. (2018) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.027 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Flat and microstructured polymeric membranes in organs-on-chips
Pasman, T., Grijpma, D., Stamatialis, D., & Poot, A. (2018) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2018.0351 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Microfluidic high-throughput 3D cell culture
Ko, J., Park, D., Lee, J., Jung, S., Baek, K., Sung, K. E., Lee, J., & Jeon, N. L. (2024) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-024-00163-8 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Enabling peristalsis of human colon tumor organoids on microfluidic chips
Fang, G., Lu, H., Al-Nakashli, R., Chapman, R., Zhang, Y., Ju, L. A., Lin, G., Stenzel, M. H., & Jin, D. (2022) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ac2ef9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationNext-Generation Liver Medicine Using Organoid Models
Akbari, S., Arslan, N., Senturk, S., & Erdal, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2019.00345 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Retinal organoids on-a-chip: a micro-millifluidic bioreactor for long-term organoid maintenance
Xue, Y., Seiler, M. J., Tang, W. C., Wang, J. Y., Delgado, J., McLelland, B. T., Nistor, G., Keirstead, H. S., & Browne, A. W. (2021) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d1lc00011j · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sung, J. H., Wang, Y., & Shuler, M. L. (2019) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/1.5097675 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Roadblocks confronting widespread dissemination and deployment of Organs on Chips
Alver, C. G., Drabbe, E., Ishahak, M., & Agarwal, A. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48864-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Basement membrane properties and their recapitulation in organ-on-chip applications
Salimbeigi, G., Vrana, N. E., Ghaemmaghami, A. M., Huri, P. Y., & McGuinness, G. B. (2022) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100301 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Liver–heart on chip models for drug safety
Ferrari, E., & Rasponi, M. (2021) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0048986 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A Pillar and Perfusion Plate Platform for Robust Human Organoid Culture and Analysis
Kang, S., Kimura, M., Shrestha, S., Lewis, P., Lee, S., Cai, Y., Joshi, P., Acharya, P., Liu, J., Yang, Y., et al. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202302502 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Developing Liver Microphysiological Systems for Biomedical Applications
Wang, J., Wu, X., Zhao, J., Ren, H., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202302217 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Liver organoids: Current advances and future applications for hepatology
Kim, Y., Kang, M., Mamo, M. G., Adisasmita, M., Huch, M., & Choi, D. (2025) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2024.1040 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zhang, Y. S., Aleman, J., Shin, S. R., Kilic, T., Kim, D., Mousavi Shaegh, S. A., Massa, S., Riahi, R., Chae, S., Hu, N., Avci, H., Zhang, W., Silvestri, A., Sanati Nezhad, A., Manbohi, A., De Ferrari, F., Polini, A., Calzone, G., Shaikh, N., Alerasool, P., Budina, E., Kang, J., Bhise, N., Ribas, J., Pourmand, A., Skardal, A., Shupe, T., Bishop, C. E., Dokmeci, M. R., Atala, A., & Khademhosseini, A.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139;
- Sahand University of Technology (IR)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2017-03-06
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- E2293-E2302
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5373350
- OpenAlex
- W2593758551
- Cited by
- 833
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 133 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 19 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 32.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PORTO@Iris (submittedVersion)
- PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1K99CA201603-01A1, EB012597, AR057837, DE021468, HL099073, R56AI105024, AR068258, AR066193, EB022403, EB021148)
- DOD | Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (N66001-13-C-2027)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- organ-on-a-chip, organoids, multi-sensor integration, in situ monitoring, microfluidics, automated monitoring, real-time sensing, drug screening, optical sensing
- MeSH terms
- Automation, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Heart, Humans, Liver, Models, Biological, Myocardium, Organoids, Biosensing Techniques, Microfluidics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review