The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 2 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
BCL2 protein is topographically restricted in tissues characterized by apoptotic cell death.
Open accessAbstract
The BCL2 protooncogene encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death. BCL2 was isolated from the chromosomal breakpoint of follicular B-cell lymphoma. Transgenic mice that overexpress BCL2 display extended survival of resting B cells. In this study we use a monospecific anti-human BCL2 antibody to define the distribution of BCL2 protein within organized tissues. BCL2 is restricted within germinal centers to the follicular mantle and to portions of the light zone implicated in the selection and maintenance of plasma cells and memory B cells. BCL2 is present in the surviving T cells in the thymic medulla. All hematopoietic lineages that derive from a renewing stem cell also display BCL2. A limited number of nonlymphoid tissues demonstrate BCL2 and can be grouped as (i) glandular epithelium in which hormones or growth factors regulate hyperplasia and involution, (ii) complex differentiating epithelium such as skin and intestine characterized by long-lived stem cells, and (iii) long-lived postmitotic cells such as neurons. Within these tissues that demonstrate apoptotic cell turnover, BCL2 is often topographically restricted to long-lived or proliferating cell zones. BCL2's function as an antidote to apoptosis may confer longevity to progenitor and effector cells in these tissues.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Using a monospecific anti-human BCL2 antibody, the authors map BCL2 protein across organized tissues and find it topographically restricted to long-lived or proliferating zones in tissues with apoptotic turnover. BCL2 is present in selected lymphoid, hematopoietic, glandular epithelial, complex epithelial, and postmitotic neuronal compartments.
Key findings
- Within germinal centers, BCL2 is restricted to the follicular mantle and portions of the light zone implicated in selection and maintenance of plasma cells and memory B cells.
- BCL2 is present in surviving T cells in the thymic medulla and in all hematopoietic lineages derived from a renewing stem cell.
- A limited set of nonlymphoid tissues shows BCL2: glandular epithelium regulated by hormones/growth factors, complex differentiating epithelium such as skin and intestine with long-lived stem cells, and long-lived postmitotic cells such as neurons.
- In tissues with apoptotic cell turnover, BCL2 is often topographically restricted to long-lived or proliferating cell zones; the authors suggest BCL2 may confer longevity to progenitor and effector cells.
Methods
- The study uses a monospecific anti-human BCL2 antibody to define BCL2 protein distribution within organized tissues.
- The provided text does not report sample sizes, tissue sources, staining protocols, or quantitative analysis details.
Limitations
- The paper’s abstract does not state limitations.
- Evident from the provided text: only the abstract and reference list are available, so sample composition, antibody specificity controls, quantification, and full results cannot be assessed. No quantitative values are reported in the provided text.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
4 Own interpretation · 4 Own result · 2 No full text of the sources · 1 No basis given
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All hematopoietic lineages that derive from a renewing stem cell also display BCL2.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCL2 is present in the surviving T cells in the thymic medulla.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A limited number of nonlymphoid tissues demonstrate BCL2”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCL2 is restricted within germinal centers to the follicular mantle and to portions of the light zone implicated in the selection and maintenance of plasma cells and memory B cells.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within these tissues that demonstrate apoptotic cell turnover, BCL2 is often topographically restricted to long-lived or proliferating cell zones.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“glandular epithelium in which hormones or growth factors regulate hyperplasia and involution”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“long-lived postmitotic cells such as neurons”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
In the paper
“Transgenic mice that overexpress BCL2 display extended survival of resting B cells.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McDonnell et al., 1989 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“complex differentiating epithelium such as skin and intestine characterized by long-lived stem cells”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCL2's function as an antidote to apoptosis may confer longevity to progenitor and effector cells in these tissues.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 1
In the paper
“The BCL2 protooncogene encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hockenbery et al., 1990 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
“we use a monospecific anti-human BCL2 antibody”
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“In histological studies it has already been established that the majority of T cells in the paracortical areas are bcl-2 + (4, 29).”
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-w is essential for spermatogenesis but appears otherwise redundant
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“How does the tadpole know that the deletion of its tail must stop at the base of its tail? One possibility here is that all cells are programmed to die but specific mechanisms exist to prevent expression of this death [25-27].”
BackgroundApoptosis in myocardial ischaemia and infarction
Krijnen, P., Nijmeijer, R., Meijer, C. J., Visser, C., Hack, C., & Niessen, H. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.55.11.801 · Cited by 348
Molecular mechanism of stomach carcinogenesis
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“Except in the lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues, bcl-2 protein expression is observed preferentially in neurons and epithelial cells that reveal apoptotic cell turnover ( Hockenbery et al. 1991 ).”
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“Normally, mitotic activity of large intestinal stem cells located in the basal region of colonic crypts produces a continuous supply of new cells. These cells migrate up the colonic crypt where they differentiate before eventually undergoing apoptosis and exfoliation at the luminal surface. Occurrence of apoptotic act…”
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“44 Days 3246 6 255 (n 5 9) 2169 6 51 (n 5 7) 67* teristic punctate appearance throughout the cytoplasm (Hockenbery et al., 1991; Merry et al., 1994) in motoneuParaffin serial sections (7 mm) of the brain stems from age-matched rons of wild-type animals (Figures 3A, 3C, and 3E), but unlesioned bcl-2 and wild-type anima…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hockenbery, D. M., Zutter, M., Hickey, W., Nahm, M., & Korsmeyer, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1991-08-15
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 6961-6965
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC52213
- OpenAlex
- W1970629830
- Semantic Scholar
- d825dc162ad208c572711f59c9aa1c7974e89492
- Cited by
- 1,252
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 26.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Keywords
- Bcl-2, apoptosis, germinal center, light zone, plasma cells, memory B cells, thymic medulla, hematopoietic stem cells, tissue distribution, epithelial stem cells, follicular B-cell lymphoma, transgenic mice
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bone Marrow, Breast, Cell Survival, Digestive System, Female, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Male, Neurons, Pancreas, Prostate, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Proto-Oncogenes, Skin, Thymus Gland, Palatine Tonsil, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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