The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 2 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
BCL2 protein is topographically restricted in tissues characterized by apoptotic cell death.
Open accessAbstract
The BCL2 protooncogene encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death. BCL2 was isolated from the chromosomal breakpoint of follicular B-cell lymphoma. Transgenic mice that overexpress BCL2 display extended survival of resting B cells. In this study we use a monospecific anti-human BCL2 antibody to define the distribution of BCL2 protein within organized tissues. BCL2 is restricted within germinal centers to the follicular mantle and to portions of the light zone implicated in the selection and maintenance of plasma cells and memory B cells. BCL2 is present in the surviving T cells in the thymic medulla. All hematopoietic lineages that derive from a renewing stem cell also display BCL2. A limited number of nonlymphoid tissues demonstrate BCL2 and can be grouped as (i) glandular epithelium in which hormones or growth factors regulate hyperplasia and involution, (ii) complex differentiating epithelium such as skin and intestine characterized by long-lived stem cells, and (iii) long-lived postmitotic cells such as neurons. Within these tissues that demonstrate apoptotic cell turnover, BCL2 is often topographically restricted to long-lived or proliferating cell zones. BCL2's function as an antidote to apoptosis may confer longevity to progenitor and effector cells in these tissues.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Using a monospecific anti-human BCL2 antibody, the authors map BCL2 protein across organized tissues and find it topographically restricted to long-lived or proliferating zones in tissues with apoptotic turnover. BCL2 is present in selected lymphoid, hematopoietic, glandular epithelial, complex epithelial, and postmitotic neuronal compartments.
Key findings
- Within germinal centers, BCL2 is restricted to the follicular mantle and portions of the light zone implicated in selection and maintenance of plasma cells and memory B cells.
- BCL2 is present in surviving T cells in the thymic medulla and in all hematopoietic lineages derived from a renewing stem cell.
- A limited set of nonlymphoid tissues shows BCL2: glandular epithelium regulated by hormones/growth factors, complex differentiating epithelium such as skin and intestine with long-lived stem cells, and long-lived postmitotic cells such as neurons.
- In tissues with apoptotic cell turnover, BCL2 is often topographically restricted to long-lived or proliferating cell zones; the authors suggest BCL2 may confer longevity to progenitor and effector cells.
Methods
- The study uses a monospecific anti-human BCL2 antibody to define BCL2 protein distribution within organized tissues.
- The provided text does not report sample sizes, tissue sources, staining protocols, or quantitative analysis details.
Limitations
- The paper’s abstract does not state limitations.
- Evident from the provided text: only the abstract and reference list are available, so sample composition, antibody specificity controls, quantification, and full results cannot be assessed. No quantitative values are reported in the provided text.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
4 Own interpretation · 4 Own result · 2 No full text of the sources · 1 No basis given
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All hematopoietic lineages that derive from a renewing stem cell also display BCL2.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCL2 is present in the surviving T cells in the thymic medulla.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A limited number of nonlymphoid tissues demonstrate BCL2”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCL2 is restricted within germinal centers to the follicular mantle and to portions of the light zone implicated in the selection and maintenance of plasma cells and memory B cells.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within these tissues that demonstrate apoptotic cell turnover, BCL2 is often topographically restricted to long-lived or proliferating cell zones.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“glandular epithelium in which hormones or growth factors regulate hyperplasia and involution”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“long-lived postmitotic cells such as neurons”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
In the paper
“Transgenic mice that overexpress BCL2 display extended survival of resting B cells.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McDonnell et al., 1989 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“complex differentiating epithelium such as skin and intestine characterized by long-lived stem cells”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCL2's function as an antidote to apoptosis may confer longevity to progenitor and effector cells in these tissues.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 1
In the paper
“The BCL2 protooncogene encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hockenbery et al., 1990 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The anti-human BCL2 antibody used in this study is monospecific for BCL2.
“we use a monospecific anti-human BCL2 antibody”
Citations
Cites
Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics
Kerr, J. F. R., Wyllie, A. H., & Currie, A. R. (1972) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1972.33 · Cited by 15,673
Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death
Hockenbery, D., Nuñez, G., Milliman, C., Schreiber, R. D., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/348334a0 · Cited by 3,720
Self-citationBcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells
Vaux, D., Cory, S., & Adams, J. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/335440a0 · Cited by 3,355
Cheng, H., & Leblond, C. P. (1974) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001410407 · Cited by 1,737
Savill, J. S., Wyllie, A. H., Henson, J. E., Walport, M. J., Henson, P. M., & Haslett, C. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113970 · Cited by 1,536
Cohen, J., & Duke, R. C. (1984) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.132.1.38 · Cited by 1,406
Regressive Events in Neurogenesis
Cowan, W. M., Fawcett, J. W., O'Leary, D. D. M., & Stanfield, B. B. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6474175 · Cited by 1,316
McDonnell, T. J., Deane, N., Platt, F. M., Nunez, G., Jaeger, U., McKearn, J. P., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90174-8 · Cited by 1,213
Self-citationCleary, M. L., Smith, S. D., & Sklar, J. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90362-4 · Cited by 1,212
Bakhshi, A., Jensen, J. P., Goldman, P., Wright, J. J., McBride, O. W., Epstein, A. L., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80070-2 · Cited by 1,177
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,201–1,244 of 1,244
Bcl2 en cáncer avanzado de próstata y asociación con resistencia a la castración
Velázquez-Macías, R. F., Rendón, F. E. D. L. T., Ramos-Rodríguez, G., et al. (2016) · Revista Mexicana de Urología · doi:10.1016/j.uromx.2016.07.001
Molekulare Grundlagen des Prostatakarzinoms
Elsässer‐Beile, U., Schultze-Seemann, W., & Wetterauer, U. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56297-6_11
Role of microRNA-709 in murine liver
Surendran, S. (2014) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2/1957
Expression of cytokines and factors modulating sinusoidal leucocytes apoptosis by human
Jonsson, J. R., Edwards-Smith, C. J., Catania, S., et al. (2000)
TU E BCL-2 GE NE : A REG ULATOR OFPROGRAMMED CELL DEATU
Hocken, D. M., & Hutch, F. (1994)
Nofal, A. E., & Овчаренко, Н. Д. (2016) · Acta Biologica Sibirica · doi:10.14258/abs.v2i2.1346
Characterization of apoptotic cells induced in vitro in Meckel's chondrocytes by anticancer agents
Shinagawa, T., Harada, Y., Kumakami, R., et al. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · doi:10.20663/iwateshigakukaishi.28.3_158
Dietary non-nutritive factors on molecular targets of colorectal cancer: an update
Pandurangan, A. K., & Esa, N. M. (2013) · Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Yuan, J. (1995) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-9603-6.50024-0
Activating the Adaptive Immune System
Kramer, I. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394803-8.00015-2
Chan, W. Y., Cheung, K., Schorge, J. O., et al. (2000)
Bcl-2 and Bax: Prognostic Factors in the Interstitial Brachytherapy of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Casetta, G., Vaccino, D., Libero, A. D., et al. (2004) · Urologia Journal · doi:10.1177/039156030407100207
Tad, M., & Kulaçoğlu, S. (2019) · Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.536772
Al-Dargazali, A. R. (2012) · Journal of Biotechnology Research Center · doi:10.24126/jobrc.2012.6.1.203
Nakamatu, T. (2008) · Americanae (AECID Library)
THE POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF BCL-2 IN RECURRENT ABORTION
Kadhim, H. S. (2010) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Molecular and cellular analysis of Lhx2 function in hematopoietic stem cells
Richter, K. (2007) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
The Molecular Basis for the Control of Mammalian Cell Growth
Evan, G. I. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1253-6_17
Hager, S., Maitland, N. J., & Collins, A. T. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470391594.ch7
(2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444398069.ch1
Norris, D. A., Shellman, Y. G., & Bellus, G. A. (1999) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8741-0_8
Treatment of acute Graft-versus-Host Disease using inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles
Kaiser, T. K. (2019) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-7756
Apoptosis in metastatic carcinoma of the central nervous system
Sawada, T., TAKEKAWA, Y., Sakurai, I., et al. (1993) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1993.tb00264.x
Apoptosis in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter
Masuda, M., Takano, Y., Iki, M., et al. (1997) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/00005392-199709000-00014
Apoptosis -Concept, Mechanisms, Significancein Oncology-
Önal, B. (1996) · The Anatolian Journal of General Medical Research · doi:10.5222/terh.1996.23540
Immunohistochemical Expression of CD68, P53 and Bcl2 in Thyroid Tumors
Samar Abdul Raheem AL-Gharrrawi 1, A. H. M. A. A. 2. (2020) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.2953
Evidence for trans Regulation of Apoptosis in Intertypic Somatic Cell Hybrids
Gourdeau, H., & Walker, P. R. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.9.6125-6134.1994
(1992) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1177/019262339202000415
Hesketh, R. (1997) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012344548-3/50020-0
Clinical development plan: Sulindac sulfone
(1996) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.240630717
Immunohistochemical Expression of CD68, P53 and Bcl2 in Thyroid Tumors
AL-Gharrrawi, A. H. M. A. A. S. A. R. (2020) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.252
INTERLEUKIN-7 RECEPTOR α CHAIN-DEPENDENT SIGNALING IS REQUIRED FOR T-CELL DEVELOPMENT
Fuel, A., & Leonard, W. J. (2000) · Radiologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00178-6
Can Perisinusoids! Cells Be Regional Stem (Progenitor) Cells of the Liver?
Gumerova, A. A., & Kiyasov, A. P. (2010) · Genes and Cells · doi:10.23868/gc121482
Banerjee, R., Hajra, S., Chakrabarti, J., et al. (2024) · Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology · doi:10.18231/j.ijpo.2024.081
Bostwick, D. G., Liang Cheng, C., & Meiers, I. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4327-8.00009-7
The Role of bcl — 2 in Lymphoid Differentation and Transformation
Strasser, A., Harris, A. W., & Cory, S. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-51479-1_7
Wang, W., Mai, H., Xu, H., Jing, B., Yu, C., Li, X., Chen, D., Huang, Y., Shao, M., & Pan, T. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24792294
Hsu, S. Y., & Hsueh, A. J. W. (1997) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.1997.tb01444.x
Prudent, J. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1f03460cze5d6z42c6za18ez352e34a4dee4
RESPONSE OF A NEIL1 DEFICIENT MURINE EPITHELIAL CELL LINE TO CHROMATE
Little, L. G. (2008) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
The role of the Eph and ephrin proteins in prostate cancer
McCarron, J. K. (2011)
Berger (1994) · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19940915)74:6
Loss of one but not twomdm2 null alleles alters the tumour spectrum inp53 null mice
McDonnell, T. J., Montes de Oca Luna, R., Cho, S., Amelse, L. L., Chavez-Reyes, A., & Lozano, G. (1999) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199907)188:3
Metadata
- Authors
- Hockenbery, D. M., Zutter, M., Hickey, W., Nahm, M., & Korsmeyer, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1991-08-15
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 6961-6965
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC52213
- OpenAlex
- W1970629830
- Semantic Scholar
- d825dc162ad208c572711f59c9aa1c7974e89492
- Cited by
- 1,252
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 26.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Keywords
- Bcl-2, apoptosis, germinal center, light zone, plasma cells, memory B cells, thymic medulla, hematopoietic stem cells, tissue distribution, epithelial stem cells, follicular B-cell lymphoma, transgenic mice
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bone Marrow, Breast, Cell Survival, Digestive System, Female, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Male, Neurons, Pancreas, Prostate, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Proto-Oncogenes, Skin, Thymus Gland, Palatine Tonsil, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-18, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-18 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
