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Death Signal-induced Localization of p53 Protein to Mitochondria
Open accessAbstract
The mechanism of p53-mediated apoptosis after cellular stress remains poorly understood. Evidence suggests that p53 induces cell death by a multitude of molecular pathways involving activation of target genes and transcriptionally independent direct signaling. Mitochondria play a key role in apoptosis. We show here that a fraction of p53 protein localizes to mitochondria at the onset of p53-dependent apoptosis but not during p53-independent apoptosis or p53-mediated cell cycle arrest. The accumulation of p53 to mitochondria is rapid (within 1 h after p53 activation) and precedes changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and procaspase-3 activation. Immunoelectron microscopy and immuno-fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of isolated mitochondria show that the majority of mitochondrial p53 localizes to the membranous compartment, whereas a fraction is found in a complex with the mitochondrial import motor mt hsp70. After induction of ectopic p53 without additional DNA damage in p53-deficient cells, p53 again partially localizes to mitochondria, preceding the onset of apoptosis. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL abrogates stress signal-mediated mitochondrial p53 accumulation and apoptosis but not cell cycle arrest, suggesting a feedback signaling loop between p53 and mitochondrial apoptotic regulators. Importantly, bypassing the nucleus by targeting p53 to mitochondria using import leader fusions is sufficient to induce apoptosis in p53-deficient cells. We propose a model where p53 can contribute to apoptosis by direct signaling at the mitochondria, thereby amplifying the transcription-dependent apoptosis of p53.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Marchenko, N. D., Zaika, A., & Moll, U. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-05
- Volume
- 275
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 16202-16212
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044079387
- Cited by
- 901
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 16.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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