Cited by 208Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stressRedox biology and oxidative stressBioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents

Electrophilic nitro-fatty acids activate NRF2 by a KEAP1 cysteine 151-independent mechanism

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Kansanen, Emilia, Bonacci, Gustavo, Schopfer, Francisco J., Kuosmanen, Suvi M., Tong, Kit I., Leinonen, Hanna, Woodcock, Steven R., Yamamoto, Masayuki +4 more·2011·Journal of Biological Chemistry

Abstract

Nitro-fatty acids (NO(2)-FAs) are electrophilic signaling mediators formed in vivo via nitric oxide (NO)- and nitrite (NO(2)(-))-dependent reactions. Nitro-fatty acids modulate signaling cascades via reversible covalent post-translational modification of nucleophilic amino acids in regulatory proteins and enzymes, thus altering downstream signaling events, such as Keap1-Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE)-regulated gene expression. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms by which 9- and 10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid (OA-NO(2)) activate the transcription factor Nrf2, focusing on the post-translational modifications of cysteines in the Nrf2 inhibitor Keap1 by nitroalkylation and its downstream responses. Of the two regioisomers, 9-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid was a more potent ARE inducer than 10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid. The most OA-NO(2)-reactive Cys residues in Keap1 were Cys(38), Cys(226), Cys(257), Cys(273), Cys(288), and Cys(489). Of these, Cys(273) and Cys(288) accounted for ∼50% of OA-NO(2) reactions in a cellular milieu. Notably, Cys(151) was among the least OA-NO(2)-reactive of the Keap1 Cys residues, with mutation of Cys(151) having no effect on net OA-NO(2) reaction with Keap1 or on ARE activation. Unlike many other Nrf2-activating electrophiles, OA-NO(2) enhanced rather than diminished the binding between Keap1 and the Cul3 subunit of the E3 ligase for Nrf2. OA-NO(2) can therefore be categorized as a Cys(151)-independent Nrf2 activator, which in turn can influence the pattern of gene expression and therapeutic actions of nitroalkenes.

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  • NO2-FAs exert pleiotropic post-translational, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that include inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation and neointima formation after injury, cardioprotection, improved endothelial function, and activation of downstream NO signaling pathways.

    “NO2-FAs exert pleiotropic post-translational, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects[105,321,385] that include inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation and neointima formation after injury, cardioprotection, improved endothelial function[94,386–390], and activation of downstream NO signaling pathways[385,389,391–394].”
  • This post-translational modification of functionally-significant hyperreactive thiols induces pleiotropic responses that include the cGMP-independent activation of transcriptional programs regulated by Nrf2 and nuclear lipid receptors, as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling by NF-kβ.

    “This post-translational modification of functionally-significant hyperreactive thiols induces pleiotropic responses that include the cGMP-independent activation of transcriptional programs regulated by nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear lipid receptors, as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling by nuclear factor kappa-β (NF-kβ) [12–15].”
  • NO2-CLA mediates signaling actions analogous to those reported for NO2-LA and NO2-OA.

    “To further confirm that NO 2 -CLA mediates signaling actions analogous to those reported for NO 2 -LA and NO 2 -OA (2, 15), HO-1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated.”
  • Nitroalkene derivatives of fatty acids (NO2-FA) activate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression by adduction of critical thiols in the Nrf2 regulatory protein Keap1.

    “Via this mechanism, NO2-FA activate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression by adduction of critical thiols in the Nrf2 regulatory protein Keap1 [17].”
  • Nitroalkene derivatives of fatty acids (NO2-FA) instigate adaptive anti-inflammatory gene expression and metabolic responses.

    “Since NO2-FA instigate adaptive anti-inflammatory gene expression and metabolic responses, these redox-derived metabolites may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits associated with the Mediterranean diet.”

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Authors
Kansanen, E., Bonacci, G., Schopfer, F. J., Kuosmanen, S. M., Tong, K. I., Leinonen, H., Woodcock, S. R., Yamamoto, M., Carlberg, C., Ylä-Herttuala, S., Freeman, B. A., & Levonen, A.-L.
Affiliations
  • University of Eastern Finland (FI)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Tohoku University (JP)
Corresponding author
Levonen, Anna-Liisa
Venue
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-04
Volume
286
Issue
16
Pages
14019-14027
ISSN
0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2000198750
Cited by
208
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
FWCI
6.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • American Diabetes Association
  • Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19GS0312)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 64937, R01HL064937, HL 58115, R37HL058115, R01HL058115, R01HL132550)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Keywords
nitro-fatty acids, Nrf2 activation, Keap1, antioxidant response element, post-translational modification, nitric oxide
MeSH terms
Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1, Animals, Chromatography, Liquid, Cysteine, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Fatty Acids, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Linoleic Acids, Mutation, Nitro Compounds, Oleic Acids, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Mass Spectrometry, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Mice

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