Nitro-linoleic acid inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway
Open accessAbstract
Nitroalkenes, the nitration products of unsaturated fatty acids formed via NO-dependent oxidative reactions, have been demonstrated to exert strong biological actions in endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages; however, little is known about their effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The present study examined the role of nitro-linoleic acid (LNO(2)) in the regulation of VSMC proliferation. We observed that LNO(2) inhibited VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, LNO(2) induced growth arrest of VSMCs in the G(1)/S phase of the cell cycle with an upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1). Furthermore, LNO(2) triggered nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and activation of the antioxidant-responsive element-driven transcriptional activity via impairing Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)-mediated negative control of Nrf2 activity in VSMCs. LNO(2) upregulated the expression of Nrf2 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, in VSMCs. A forced activation of Nrf2 led to an upregulation of p27(kip1) and growth inhibition of VSMCs. In contrast, knock down of Nrf2 using an Nrf2 siRNA approach reversed the LNO(2)-induced upregulation of p27(kip1) and inhibition of cellular proliferation in VSMCs. These studies provide the first evidence that nitroalkene LNO(2) inhibits VSMC proliferation through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, suggesting an important role of nitroalkenes in vascular biology.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
After fatty acid nitration and conferral of electrophilic reactivity, NO2-FA potently modulate these same pathways at nM concentrations.
“In contrast, after fatty acid nitration and conferral of electrophilic reactivity, NO2-FA potently modulate these same pathways at nM concentrations [46], [54].”
From Olives and olive oil are sources of electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes (2014) · cites this paper as [46]
NO2-FA activate Nrf2-regulated anti-inflammatory gene expression and heat shock factor-regulated heat shock protein expression.
“Additionally, NO2-FA activate Nrf2-regulated anti-inflammatory gene expression and heat shock factor-regulated heat shock protein expression [17], [46], [55].”
From Olives and olive oil are sources of electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes (2014) · cites this paper as [46]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cell Survival Responses to Environmental Stresses Via the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Pathway
Kensler, T. W., Wakabayashi, N., & Biswal, S. (2007) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.46.120604.141046 · Cited by 3,630 · see citing works
Ross, R. (1971) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.50.1.172 · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
Ishii, T., Itoh, K., Takahashi, S., Sato, H., Yanagawa, T., Katoh, Y., Bannai, S., & Yamamoto, M. P. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.21.16023 · Cited by 1,460 · see citing works
Nitric oxide, oxidants, and protein tyrosine nitration
Radí, R. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0307446101 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Rubbo, H., Radí, R., Trujillo, M., Telleri, R., Kalyanaraman, B., Barnes, S., KIRK, M. C., & Freeman, B. Α. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47160-8 · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
Self-citationKobayashi, A., Kang, M.-I., Watai, Y., Tong, K. I., Shibata, T., Uchida, K., & Yamamoto, M. P. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.26.1.221-229.2006 · Cited by 933 · see citing works
Kobayashi, M., & Yamamoto, M. P. (2006) · Advances in Enzyme Regulation · doi:10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.007 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Vascular proliferation and atherosclerosis: New perspectives and therapeutic strategies
Dzau, V. J., Braun-Dullaeus, R. C., & Sedding, D. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1102-1249 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
Nrf2 Defends the Lung from Oxidative Stress
Cho, H., Reddy, S. P., & Kleeberger, S. R. (2006) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.76 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Li, N., Alam, J., Venkatesan, M. I., Eiguren-Fernández, A., Schmitz, D. A., Distefano, E. W., Slaughter, N., Killeen, E., Wang, X., Huang, A., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3467 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Nitrolinoleic acid. An endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand
Schopfer, F. J., Lin, Y., Baker, P. R. S., Cui, T., Garcia-Barrio, M., Zhang, J., Chen, K., Chen, Y. E., & Freeman, B. A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408384102 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, X.-L., Dodd, G., Thomas, S., Zhang, X., Wasserman, M. A., Rovin, B. H., & Kunsch, C. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00651.2005 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of Monocytes in Atherogenesis
Østerud, B., & Bjørklid, E. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2003 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Itoh, K., Mochizuki, M., Ishii, Y., Ishii, T., Shibata, T., Kawamoto, Y., Kelly, V., Sekizawa, K., Uchida, K., & Yamamoto, M. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.24.1.36-45.2004 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Role of Nrf2 in the Regulation of CD36 and Stress Protein Expression in Murine Macrophages
Ishii, T., Itoh, K., Ruiz, E., Leake, D. S., Unoki‐Kubota, H., Yamamoto, M. P., & Mann, G. E. (2004) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000119171.44657.45 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Chen, X., & KUNSCH, C. A. (2004) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612043452901 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Many Transcription Factors Does It Take to Turn On the Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene?
Alam, J., & Cook, J. L. (2006) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2006-0340tr · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment in the inflammatory process
Ley, K. F. (1996) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(96)00066-1 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Fatty Acid Transduction of Nitric Oxide Signaling
Baker, P. R. S., Lin, Y., Schopfer, F. J., Woodcock, S. R., Groeger, A. L., Batthyany, C., Sweeney, S., Long, M. H., Iles, K. E., Baker, L. M. S., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m504212200 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Self-citationNitrated Fatty Acids: Endogenous Anti-inflammatory Signaling Mediators
Cui, T., Schopfer, F. J., Zhang, J., Chen, K., Ichikawa, T., Baker Paul, R. S., Batthyany, C., Chacko, B. K., Feng, X., Patel, R. P., et al. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m603357200 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationLaminar Flow Induction of Antioxidant Response Element-mediated Genes in Endothelial Cells
Chen, X.-L., Varner, S. E., Rao, A. S., Grey, J. Y., Thomas, S., Cook, C. K., Wasserman, M. A., Medford, R. M., Jaiswal, A. K., & Kunsch, C. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m203161200 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Self-citationO'Donnell, V. B., Eiserich, J. P., Chumley, P. H., Jablonsky, M. J., Krishna, N. R., Kirk, M., Barnes, S., Darley-Usmar, V. M., & Freeman, B. A. (1999) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx980207u · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citationReversible Post-translational Modification of Proteins by Nitrated Fatty Acids in Vivo
Batthyany, C., Schopfer, F. J., Baker, P. R. S., Durán, R., Baker, L. M. S., Huang, Y., Cerveñansky, C., Branchaud, B. P., & Freeman, B. A. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m602814200 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
A Sulforaphane Analogue That Potently Activates the Nrf2-dependent Detoxification Pathway
Morimitsu, Y., Nakagawa, Y., Hayashi, K., Fujii, H., Kumagai, T., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, T., Horio, F., Itoh, K., Iida, K., et al. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110244200 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Nitric Oxide Regulation of Superoxide and Peroxynitrite-dependent Lipid Peroxidation
KIRK, M. C., & Freeman, B. Α. (1994) · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationRubbo, H., Parthasarathy, S., Barnes, S., KIRK, M. C., Kalyanaraman, B., & Freeman, B. Α. (1995) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.9935 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Self-citationTanner, F. C., Boehm, M., Akyürek, L. M., San, H., Yang, Z., Tashiro, J., Nabel, G. J., & Nabel, E. G. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.17.2022 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Hosoya, T., Maruyama, A., Kang, M.-I., Kawatani, Y., Shibata, T., Uchida, K., Itoh, K., & Yamamoto, M. P. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m502551200 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Tetsuka, T., Daphna-Iken, D., Srivastava, S. K., Baier, L. D., DuMaine, J., & Morrison, A. R. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.12168 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Heme Oxygenase and Atherosclerosis
Morita, T. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000178169.95781.49 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Baker, P. R. S., Schopfer, F. J., Sweeney, S., & Freeman, B. A. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402587101 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationLevonen, A., Inkala, M., Heikura, T., Jauhiainen, S., Jyrkkänen, H.-K., Kansanen, E., Määttä, K. M., Romppanen, E., Turunen, P., Rutanen, J., et al. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000258868.80079.4d · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Chen, D., Krasinski, K. L., Sylvester, A., Chen, J., Nisen, P. D., & Andrés, V. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119414 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Baldus, S. E., Eiserich, J. P., Brennan, M., Jackson, R. M., Alexander, C. B., & Freeman, B. Α. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00993-0 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationGoodwin, D. C., Landino, L. M., & Marnett, L. J. (1999) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.10.1121 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Coles, B., Bloodsworth, A., Clark, S. R., Lewis, M. J., Cross, A. R., Freeman, B. A., & O’Donnell, V. B. (2002) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000032114.68919.ef · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationNitric oxide stimulates Nrf2 nuclear translocation in vascular endothelium
Buckley, B. J., Marshall, Z. M., & Whorton, A. R. (2003) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01308-1 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Stimulates Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle
Liu, X., Peyton, K. J., Ensenat, D., Wang, H., Schafer, A. I., Alam, J., & Durante, W. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m410413200 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Li, N., & Nel, A. E. (2006) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.88 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Anwar, A. A., Li, F. Y. L., Leake, D. S., Ishii, T., Mann, G. E., & Siow, R. C. M. (2005) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.012 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Wright, M. M., Schopfer, F. J., Baker, P. R. S., Vidyasagar, V., Powell, P., Chumley, P., Iles, K. E., Freeman, B. Α., & Agarwal, A. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506541103 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of linoleic acid nitration in human blood plasma by mass spectrometry
Lima, É. S., Di Mascio, P., Rubbo, H., & Abdalla, D. S. P. (2002) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi025504j · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Brunt, K. R., Fenrich, K. K., Kiani, G., Tse, M. Y., Pang, S. C.-N., Ward, C. A., & Melo, L. G. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000236204.37119.8d · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Coles, B., Bloodsworth, A., Eiserich, J. P., Coffey, M. J., McLoughlin, R. M., Giddings, J. C., Lewis, M. J., Haslam, R. J., Freeman, B. A., & O'Donnell, V. B. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m105209200 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cardiovascular Function
Perrella, M. A., & Yet, S. (2003) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612033453776 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Srisook, K., & Cha, Y. (2005) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2004.12.002 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Heme oxygenase-1 and cardiovascular disease.
Immenschuh, S., & Schröder, H. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-21.679 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Fu, M., Zhang, J., Tseng, Y., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000156439.55349.ad · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationREACTIONS OF PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASE WITH NITRIC OXIDE AND PEROXYNITRITE*
Goodwin, D. C., Landino, L. M., & Marnett, L. J. (1999) · Drug Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1081/dmr-100101918 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Napolitano, A., Camera, E., Picardo, M., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jo015973b · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nitro-fatty acid formation and signaling
Freeman, B. A., Baker, P. R. S., Schopfer, F. J., Woodcock, S. R., Napolitano, A., & d'Ischia, M. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r800004200 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrophilic nitro-fatty acids activate NRF2 by a KEAP1 cysteine 151-independent mechanism
Kansanen, E., Bonacci, G., Schopfer, F. J., Kuosmanen, S. M., Tong, K. I., Leinonen, H., Woodcock, S. R., Yamamoto, M., Carlberg, C., Ylä-Herttuala, S., et al. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.190710 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationRudolph, V., Rudolph, T. K., Schopfer, F. J., Bonacci, G., Woodcock, S. R., Cole, M. P., Baker, P. R. S., Ramani, R., & Freeman, B. A. (2010) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp275 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationCovalent Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Adduction by Nitro-fatty Acids
Schopfer, F. J., Cole, M. P., Groeger, A. L., Chen, C.-S., Khoo, N. K. H., Woodcock, S. R., Golin-Bisello, F., Motanya, U. N., Li, Y., Zhang, J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.091512 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationNrf2-dependent and -independent Responses to Nitro-fatty Acids in Human Endothelial Cells
Kansanen, E., Jyrkkänen, H.-K., Volger, O. L., Leinonen, H., Kivelä, A. M., Häkkinen, S.-K., Woodcock, S. R., Schopfer, F. J., Horrevoets, A. J., Ylä-Herttuala, S., et al. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.064873 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationNitro-oleic acid inhibits angiotensin II-induced hypertension
Zhang, J., Villacorta, L., Chang, L., Fan, Z., Hamblin, M., Zhu, T., Chen, C. S., Cole, M. P., Schopfer, F. J., Deng, C. X., et al. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.218404 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationVillacorta, L., Chang, L., Salvatore, S. R., Ichikawa, T., Zhang, J., Petrovic-Djergovic, D., Jia, L., Carlsen, H., Schopfer, F. J., Freeman, B. A., et al. (2013) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvt002 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationOlives and olive oil are sources of electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes
Fazzari, M., Trostchansky, A., Schopfer, F. J., Salvatore, S. R., Sánchez-Calvo, B., Vitturi, D., Valderrama, R., Barroso, J. B., Radi, R., Freeman, B. A., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084884 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationNitro–Fatty Acids Reduce Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Rudolph, T. K., Rudolph, V., Edreira, M. M., Cole, M. P., Bonacci, G., Schopfer, F. J., Woodcock, S. R., Franek, A., Pekarova, M., Khoo, N. K. H., et al. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.109.201582 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationIchikawa, T., Li, J., Meyer, C. J., Janicki, J. S., Hannink, M., & Cui, T. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008391 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationNF‐E2‐related factor 2 regulates the stress response to UVA‐1‐oxidized phospholipids in skin cells
Gruber, F., Mayer, H., Lengauer, B., Mlitz, V., Sanders, J. M., Kadl, A., Bilban, M., de Martin, R., Wagner, O., Kensler, T. W., et al. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-133520 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Khoo, N. K. H., Rudolph, V., Cole, M. P., Golin-Bisello, F., Schopfer, F. J., Woodcock, S. R., Batthyany, C., & Freeman, B. A. (2010) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.046 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationMacrophage activation induces formation of the anti-inflammatory lipid cholesteryl-nitrolinoleate
Ferreira, A. M., Ferrari, M. I., Trostchansky, A., Batthyany, C., Souza, J. M., Alvarez, M. N., López, G. V., Baker, P. R. S., Schopfer, F. J., O'Donnell, V., et al. (2009) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20080701 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationNitro-fatty acid inhibition of neointima formation after endoluminal vessel injury
Cole, M. P., Rudolph, T. K., Khoo, N. K. H., Motanya, U. N., Golin-Bisello, F., Wertz, J. W., Schopfer, F. J., Rudolph, V., Woodcock, S. R., Bolisetty, S., et al. (2009) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.109.199075 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrophilic nitro-fatty acids: anti-inflammatory mediators in the vascular compartment
Khoo, N. K., & Freeman, B. A. (2010) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2009.11.003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationNitro-fatty acids as novel electrophilic ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
Ferreira, A. M., Minarrieta, L., Lamas Bervejillo, M., & Rubbo, H. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.572 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bates, D. J. P., Smitherman, P. K., Townsend, A. J., King, S. B., & Morrow, C. S. (2011) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi2005784 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Villacorta, L., Zhang, J., Garcia-Barrio, M. T., Chen, X.-L., Freeman, B. A., Chen, Y. E., & Cui, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- H770-H776
- ISSN
- 0363-6135 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1539
- PMC
- PMC2170893
- OpenAlex
- W2004517091
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 64937, R01HL064937, HL 58115, HL 075397, HL-068878, R37HL058115, R01HL058115, R01HL068878, R01HL075397)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Keywords
- nitroalkenes, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, p27, cell cycle arrest, G1/S phase, antioxidant response element, vascular biology
- MeSH terms
- Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Linoleic Acids, Male, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Nitro Compounds, Proteins, Signal Transduction, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Cell Proliferation, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
