Cited by 28Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stressRedox biology and oxidative stressNF-κB Signaling Pathways

Health position paper and redox perspectives – Bench to bedside transition for pharmacological regulation of NRF2 in noncommunicable diseases

Open access
Cuadrado, Antonio, Cazalla, Eduardo, Bach, Anders, Bathish, Boushra, Naidu, Sharadha Dayalan, DeNicola, Gina M., Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T., Fernández-Ginés, Raquel +17 more·2025·Redox Biology

Abstract

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a redox-activated transcription factor regulating cellular defense against oxidative stress, thereby playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulation is implicated in the progression of a wide array of human diseases, making NRF2 a compelling target for therapeutic interventions. However, challenges persist in drug discovery and safe targeting of NRF2, as unresolved questions remain especially regarding its context-specific role in diseases and off-target effects. This comprehensive review discusses the dualistic role of NRF2 in disease pathophysiology, covering its protective and/or destructive roles in autoimmune, respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases, as well as diseases of the digestive system and cancer. Additionally, we also review the development of drugs that either activate or inhibit NRF2, discuss main barriers in translating NRF2-based therapies from bench to bedside, and consider the ways to monitor NRF2 activation in vivo.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103569

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  • Compared to systemic administration of Nrf2 agonists, the localized activation strategy provided by TA-GelMA circumvents potential side effects related to systemic Nrf2 activation.

    “Compared to the systemic administration of Nrf2 agonists, the localized activation strategy provided by TA-GelMA circumvents potential side effects related to systemic Nrf2 activation58,59, thereby enhancing clinical application safety.”

    From Intelligence-responsive wettability switch coating on magnesium implants for treating osteoporotic fracture (2026) · cites this paper as [59]

    The Conclusions and future perspective section (page unavailable) reports unwanted effects in patients taking NRF2 activators, supporting the concern about potential side effects. It explicitly says further research is needed to determine whether those effects arise from NRF2 activation or off-target activity. It does not establish that localized TA-GelMA activation avoids them; that comparison is the citing authors’ inference. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Cuadrado, A., Cazalla, E., Bach, A., Bathish, B., Naidu, S. D., DeNicola, G. M., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Fernández-Ginés, R., Grochot-Przeczek, A., Hayes, J. D., Kensler, T. W., León, R., Liby, K. T., López, M. G., Manda, G., Shivakumar, A. K., Hakomäki, H., Moerland, J. A., Motohashi, H., Rojo, A. I., Sykiotis, G. P., Taguchi, K., Valverde, Á. M., Yamamoto, M., & Levonen, A.-L.
Affiliations
  • Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (ES)
  • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • University of Dundee (GB)
  • Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
  • Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
  • Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
  • Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (ES)
  • Institutul National Victor Babes (RO)
  • University of Eastern Finland (FI)
  • Tohoku University (JP)
Corresponding author
Cuadrado, Antonio
Venue
Redox Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2025-04
Volume
81
Pages
103569
ISSN
2213-2317 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4408102298
Cited by
28
References
551
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 9
FWCI
8.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Redox Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/05/0010)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/X00029X/1, BB/T508111/1)
  • Lundbeck Foundation (R366-2021-270)
  • Comunidad de Madrid (P2022/BMD-7230, P2022/BMD-7230-CAM-22)
  • Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas
  • Syöpäsäätiö
  • Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
  • Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
  • Ministerio de Universidades (FPU21/02505, FPU2021)
  • Biogen (415,416, S217879)
  • National Institutes of Health (PID-2021-122766OB-1363 100, MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, F31 CA275239)
  • National Cancer Center
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (IZCOZ0_205415, 310030_212558)
  • Tenovus (T22-08)
  • European Cooperation in Science and Technology (CA20121)
  • Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2021/43/B/NZ4/02130)
  • Medical Research Council (MR/W023806/1, MR/T014644/1)
  • Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PID-2021-122766OB-100, PID2021-123481OB-I00, PDC2021-121 421-I00, PDC2022-133 765-I00)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Keywords
Nrf2, redox signaling, oxidative stress, non-communicable diseases, Nrf2 activators, Nrf2 inhibitors, drug development, translational medicine, autoimmune disease, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, off-target effects
MeSH terms
Noncommunicable Diseases, Animals, Humans, Neoplasms, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress, NF-E2-Related Factor 2

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