Cited by 795Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stressRedox biology and oxidative stressBioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents

Small Molecule Modulators of K eap1‐ N rf2‐ ARE Pathway as Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Agents

Open access
Magesh, Sadagopan, Chen, Yu, Hu, Longqin·2012·Medicinal Research Reviews

Abstract

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway represents one of the most important cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and xenobiotic damage. Activation of Nrf2 signaling induces the transcriptional regulation of ARE-dependent expression of various detoxifying and antioxidant defense enzymes and proteins. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling has become an attractive target for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions including cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. Over the last few decades, numerous Nrf2 inducers have been developed and some of them are currently undergoing clinical trials. Recently, overactivation of Nrf2 has been implicated in cancer progression as well as in drug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Thus, Nrf2 inhibitors could potentially be used to improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Herein, we review the signaling mechanism of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway, its disease relevance, and currently known classes of small molecule modulators. We also discuss several aspects of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction, Nrf2-based peptide inhibitor design, and the screening assays currently used for the discovery of direct inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/med.21257

Cites

275 of 275 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Mitochondria are responsible for the production of the majority of ROS within a cell.

    “Mitochondria are responsible for the production of the majority of ROS within a cell, and these potentially harmful radicals are modulated by the expression of endogenous antioxidants involving the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway [Magesh et al., 2012] or via external anti-oxidants in the diet [Birch-Machin and Oyewole 2015;”

    From Oxidative stress and ageing (2016) · cites this paper as Magesh et al., 2012

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

2 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [264]Beamer LJ Lo SC Li XC Henzl MT Hannink M Structure of the Keap1: Nrf2 interface provides mechanistic insight into Nrf2 signaling Embo J 2006 25 15 3605 3617 16888629 PMC1538563
  2. [276]Gazaryan IG Smirnova NA Haskew-Layton RE Basso M Hushpulian DM Payappilly JB Speer RE Ahn YH Rakhman I Cole PA Pinto JT Ratan RR Development of Neh2-Luciferase Reporter and Its Application for High Throughput Screening and Real-Time Monitoring of Nrf2 Activators Chem Biol 2011 18 6 752 765 21700211 PMC3251032

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Magesh, S., Chen, Y., & Hu, L.
Affiliations
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
Corresponding author
Hu, Longqin
Venue
Medicinal Research Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-05
Volume
32
Issue
4
Pages
687-726
ISSN
  • 0198-6325 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-1128
OpenAlex
W1767659454
Cited by
760
References
275
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 1
FWCI
3.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Medicinal Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (CA133791, CA125868, MH093197)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Keywords
Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, Nrf2, Keap1, antioxidant response element, small molecule modulators, Nrf2 inducers, Nrf2 inhibitors, oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, antioxidant defense, cancer chemotherapy resistance, peptide inhibitors, Keap1-Nrf2 interaction
MeSH terms
Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Antioxidants, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Signal Transduction, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotective Agents, Response Elements, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, NF-E2-Related Factor 2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review