Prevalence of blood and injection phobia among pregnant women
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of blood and injection phobia in an unselected pregnant population, in order to estimate the need for curative intervention programmes. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Antenatal care clinics in the southeast region of Sweden. Sample. In total, 1,606 consecutively registered pregnant women attending their first visit with a midwife. METHODS: The women were asked to complete the Injection Phobia-Anxiety scale, measuring phobic symptoms. Women who scored>20 on the questionnaire were telephone-interviewed and then diagnosed or dismissed according to the DSM-IV criteria for blood and injection phobia. Main outcome measures. Prevalence of blood and injection phobia according to the DSM-IV. RESULTS: Of 1,529 women who chose to participate (92.5%), 110 women or 7.2% fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for blood and injection phobia. The mean age of the women was 29.1 years. CONCLUSIONS: Blood and injection phobia is hitherto unreported in the literature, but seems to be relatively common and needs to be recognized during pregnancy as it causes a great deal of discomfort and fear among pregnant women. The Injection Phobia-Anxiety scale is suitable as a screening tool in an antenatal care clinic setting.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Contemporary prevalence estimates of BII phobia range between 2 and 4%.
“Contemporary prevalence estimates range between 2 and 4% (29–33).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
Cites
The epidemiology of common fears and phobia
Agras, W. S., Sylvester, D., & Oliveau, D. C. (1969) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(69)90022-4 · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Fear and fitness: An evolutionary analysis of anxiety disorders
Marks, I., & Nesse, R. M. (1994) · Ethology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Fetal exposure to maternal cortisol
Gitau, R., Cameron, A., Fisk, N. M., & Glover, V. A. S. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)60824-0 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Phobias: A Handbook of Theory, Research and Treatment
Davey, G. C. L., & Leahy, R. L. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.14.1.115 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Andersson, L., Poromaa, I. S., Bixo, M., Wulff, M., Bondestam, K., & Åström, M. (2003) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2003.336 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Psychoneuroendocrine processes in human pregnancy influence fetal development and health
Wadhwa, P. D. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.004 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Implications of Antenatal Depression and Anxiety for Obstetric Outcome
Andersson, L., Sundström-Poromaa, I., Wulff, M., Åström, M., & Bixo, M. (2004) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000135277.04565.e9 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Prenatal Psychosocial Factors and the Neuroendocrine Axis in Human Pregnancy
Wadhwa, P. D., Dunkel‐Schetter, C., Chicz-DeMet, A., Porto, M., & Sandman, C. A. (1996) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199609000-00006 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Stress and salivary cortisol during pregnancy
Obel, C., Hedegaard, M. S., Henriksen, T. B., Secher, N. J., Olsen, J., & Levine, S. D. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.11.006 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
The Nature and Origin of Common Phobic Fears
Torgersen, S. (1979) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.134.4.343 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The epidemiology of blood-injection-injury phobia
BIENVENU, O. J., & EATON, W. W. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798007144 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Wells, J. E., Browne, M. A. O., Scott, K. M., McGee, M. A., Baxter, J., & Kokaua, J. (2006) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01903.x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Acquisition of blood and injection phobia and anxiety response patterns in clinical patients
Öst, L.-G. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90067-d · Cited by 190 · see citing works
One versus five sessions of exposure in the treatment of injection phobia
Öst, L.-G., Hellström, K., & Kåver, A. (1992) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80385-5 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Fears and phobias in women: A community study.
Costello, C. G. (1982) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.91.4.280 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Obstetric outcome in 100 women with severe anxiety over childbirth
Sjögren, B., & Thomassen, P. A. B. (1997) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016349709034907 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Maternal anxiety in late pregnancy and fetal hemodynamics
Sjöström, K., Valentin, L., Thelin, T., & Maršál, K. (1997) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(97)00100-0 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Fears and phobias in women: A community study.
Costello, C. G. (1982) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.91.4.280 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
A developmental-genetic analysis of common fears from early adolescence to early adulthood.
Rose, R. J., & Ditto, W. B. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Women's Mental Health During Pregnancy Influences Fetal and Infant Developmental and Health Outcomes
Federenko, I. S., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2004) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900008993 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
A Developmental-Genetic Analysis of Common Fears from Early Adolescence to Early Adulthood
Rose, R. J., & Ditto, W. B. (1983) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129697 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Acquisition of blood, injury, and needle fears and phobias
Kleinknecht, R. A. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90161-9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Spacing of exposure sessions in treatment of agoraphobia and simple phobia
Chambless, D. (1990) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80278-3 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
[Treatment of anxiety syndrome. A systematic literature review. Summary and conclusions by the SBU].
von Knorring, L., Thelander, S., & Pettersson, A. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Thyer (1985) · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198507)41:4
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The fear of needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis
McLenon, J., & Rogers, M. A. M. (2019) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13818 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders Among Women: A Female Lifespan Approach
Hantsoo, L., & Epperson, C. N. (2017) · Focus · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20160042 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
SYDSJÖ, G., SYDSJÖ, A., GUNNERVIK, C., BLADH, M., & JOSEFSSON, A. (2012) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01242.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationLilliecreutz, C., Josefsson, A., & Sydsjö, G. (2009) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0126-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationObstetric and perinatal outcomes among women with blood- and injection phobia during pregnancy.
Lilliecreutz, C., Sydsjö, G., & Josefsson, A. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.08.013 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationHeterogeneity in childbirth related fear or anxiety.
Rondung, E., Ekdahl, J., Hildingsson, I., Rubertsson, C., & Sundin, Ö. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12481 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Fairbrother, N., Albert, A., Collardeau, F., & Keeney, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084647 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Salivary cortisol in pregnant women suffering from blood and injection phobia
Lilliecreutz, C., Theodorsson, E., Sydsjö, G., & Josefsson, A. (2011) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-011-0234-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationWANG, K., YANG, Y., Wang, T., Lai, J. C., Chen, T.-C., & CHANG, C. (2008) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016340802587974 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression
Todd, G., & Branch, R. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355605.021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
von Mücke-Heim, I.-A., Walter, I., Nischwitz, S., & Erhardt, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915058 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Psychiatric symptoms and disorders in old age: prevalence, course and diagnostic thresholds
Sigström, R. (2015) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Wong, D. T. L., Chan, L. F., Wahab, S. B., Sulaiman, A. S., Zainuddin, M. Z., Lee, V. Y., & Maniam, T. (2016) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.17795/ijpbs-4889
Aleksić, D., Milosavljević, M. N., Bukonjić, A. M., Milovanovic, J. R., Protrka, Z., Radonjić, V., Јаnkovic, S., & Stefanović, S. (2017) · Vojnosanitetski pregled · doi:10.2298/vsp170412087a
Princeton, B. (2020) · Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications · doi:10.21786/bbrc/13.8/183
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perinatal Depression
Sockol, L. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355605.025
- Authors
- LILLIECREUTZ, C., & JOSEFSSON, A.
- Affiliations
- Linköping University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- JOSEFSSON, ANN
- Venue
- Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1276-1279
- ISSN
- 0001-6349 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0412
- OpenAlex
- W2038176997
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Forskningsrådet i Sydöstra Sverige
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
- Keywords
- pregnancy, prevalence, screening tool, prenatal care, phobic anxiety, DSM-IV diagnosis, fear of blood
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Blood, Female, Humans, Injections, Phobic Disorders, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, ROC Curve, Sensitivity and Specificity, Prevalence, Pregnant People, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
