Psychoneuroendocrine processes in human pregnancy influence fetal development and health

Wadhwa, Pathik D.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.004

Cited by 420Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumStress Responses and CortisolBirth, Development, and Health

Psychoneuroendocrine processes in human pregnancy influence fetal development and health

Wadhwa, Pathik D.·2005·Psychoneuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.004

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Abstract

Individual differences in psychoneuroendocrine function play an important role in health and disease. Developmental models postulate that these individual differences evolve through a progressive series of dynamic time-, place- and context-dependent interactions between genes and environments in fetal, infant and adult life. The effects of early experience have longer-lasting and more permanent consequences than those later in life. Experimental studies in animals have provided convincing evidence to support a causal role for stress-related psychoneuroendocrine processes in negatively influencing critical developmental and health outcomes over the life span, and have also offered valuable insights into putative physiological mechanisms. However, the generalizability of these findings from animals to humans may be limited by the existence of large inter-species differences in physiology and the developmental time-line. We have initiated a program of research in behavioral perinatology and conducted studies over the past several years to examine the effects of stress-related psychoneuroendocrine processes in human pregnancy on fetal developmental and health outcomes. Our findings support a significant and independent role for maternal prenatal stress in the etiology of prematurity-related outcomes, and suggest that these effects are mediated, in part, by the maternal-placental-fetal neuroendocrine axis, and specifically by placental corticotropin-releasing hormone. Our findings also suggest that the use of a fetal challenge paradigm offers a novel way to quantify fetal neurobehavioral maturity in utero, and that the maternal environment exerts a significant influence on the fetal neurodevelopmental processes related to recognition, memory and habituation. Finally, our findings provide preliminary evidence to support the notion that the influence of prenatal stress and maternal-placental hormones on the developing fetus may persist after birth, as assessed by measures of temperament and behavioral reactivity in the first few years of postnatal life. A description of this body of work is followed by the elucidation of questions for further research and a discussion of implications for life-span development and health.

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Adverse birth outcomes may indicate in utero stress exposure.
“Adverse birth outcomes may be markers of in utero stress exposure (e.g. Wadhwa, 2005)”
From High pregnancy anxiety during mid-gestation is associated with decreased gray matter density in 6-9-year-old children. (2010) · cites this paper as Wadhwa, 2005

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Authors: Wadhwa, P. D.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author: Wadhwa, Pathik D.
ORCID: Wadhwa, Pathik D.
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-09
Volume: 30
Issue: 8
Pages: 724-743
ISSN: 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.004
OpenAlex: W2032334645
Cited by: 420
References: 125
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 2.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-41298;, R01NS041298)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD028413, R29HD033506, HD-28413, R01HD040967, HD40967, HD 33506, P01HD047609, HD-41696, HD-47609, R01HD041696)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords: prenatal stress, maternal stress, fetal development, preterm birth, habituation, temperament, behavioral reactivity, gene-environment interaction, lifespan development
MeSH terms: Animals, Female, Health Status, Humans, Neurosecretory Systems, Perinatology, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Placenta, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Stress, Psychological, Maternal-Fetal Relations, Fetal Development

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Psychoneuroendocrine processes in human pregnancy influence fetal development and health

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