Long‐term stability of salivary cortisol
Abstract
The measurement of salivary cortisol provides a simple, non-invasive, and stress-free measure frequently used in studies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. In research projects, samples are often required to be stored for longer periods of time either because of the protocol of the project or because of lack of funding for analysis. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of long-term storage of samples on the amounts of measurable cortisol. Ten pools of saliva were collected on polyester Salivette tampons from five subjects. After centrifugation the samples were either stored in small vials or spiked to polyester Salivette tampons before analysis for cortisol using Spectria RIA kits. The effects of storage were evaluated by a linear regression model (mixed procedure) on a logarithmic scale. No effects on cortisol concentrations were found after storage of saliva at 5 degrees C for up to 3 months or at -20 degrees C and -80 degrees C for up to one year. In contrast, concentrations of cortisol were found to decrease by 9.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8%; 14.3%) per month in samples stored at room temperature. Repeated freezing and thawing of samples up to four times before analysis did not affect the measured concentrations of cortisol. The coefficient of residual variation (CVresid) for samples stored on Salivette tampons were twice the CVresid for samples stored in separate vials after centrifugation. In conclusion, centrifuged saliva samples for analysis of cortisol may be stored at 5 degrees C for up to 3 months or at -20 degrees C or -80 degrees C for at least one year. However, long-term storage at room temperature cannot be recommended. Repeated cycles of freezing and thawing did not appear to affect the concentrations of cortisol.
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Previous work has shown salivary cortisol remains stable at -80 °C for at least 1 year.
“Limitations are the long and variable storage duration at -80 °C for up to 5 years, but cortisol in saliva has previously been shown to be stable for up to 1 year at -80 °C [49] and local tests have shown good stability of both salivary cortisol and cortisone for up to 6 years.”
From Salivary cortisol and cortisone in diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: a comparison of six different analytical methods (2023) · cites this paper as [49]
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- Authors
- Garde, A. H., & Hansen, Å. M.
- Affiliations
- Danish National Institute of Public Health (DK)
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 433-436
- ISSN
- 0036-5513 (ISSN-L)
- 1502-7686
- OpenAlex
- W2064810136
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nordisk Ministerråd
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- salivary cortisol, sample storage stability, long-term storage, freeze-thaw cycles, room temperature storage, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol measurement
- MeSH terms
- Freezing, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Saliva, Specimen Handling, Temperature
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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