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The Giscombe Superwoman Schema Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Associations with Mental Health and Health Behaviors in African American Women
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of the Giscombe Superwoman Schema Questionnaire. Three separate studies conducted with 739 African American women provided preliminary evidence that the Questionnaire's factor structure aligns with the Superwoman Schema Conceptual Framework and has good reliability. In addition, it is positively associated with perceived stress, depressive symptoms, using food to cope with stress, poor sleep quality, and physical inactivity. This study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that the Giscombe Superwoman Schema Questionnaire is psychometrically sound; Superwoman Schema is associated with health behaviors and psychological states that may increase risk for illness.
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“Woods- Giscombe et al. (2019) found that all five SWS subscales had the same directional relationships with psychological health outcomes: positive associations with perceived social stress and depressive symptoms and negative associations with poor sleep quality.”
From Superwoman Schema and John Henryism among African American women: An intersectional perspective on coping with racism (2023) · cites this paper as Woods-Giscombe et al. (2019)
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“The 35-item Giscombe SWS Questionnaire has been previously validated in a sample of African American women to assess the following five SWS dimensions”
From Superwoman Schema and John Henryism among African American women: An intersectional perspective on coping with racism (2023) · cites this paper as Woods-Giscombe et al., 2019
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“One recent study found a positive association between SWS and perceived stress, depressive symptoms, using food to cope with stress, and poor sleep quality (Allen et al., 2019a(Allen et al., , 2019b;;Woods-Giscombe et al., 2019).”
From Superwoman Schema and John Henryism among African American women: An intersectional perspective on coping with racism (2023) · cites this paper as Woods-Giscombe et al., 2019
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Cites
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“It may be used to assess associations with various other social determinants of health, including psychological stress and health behaviors, and eventually health outcomes among African American women (Woods-Giscombe, 2010).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Allen, A. M., Wang, Y., Chae, D. H., Price, M. M., Powell, W. A., Steed, T. C., Black, A. R., Dhabhar, F. S., Márquez-Magaña, L. M., & Woods‐Giscombé, C. L. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14188 · Cited by 211
“116 Additionally, to test an alternative hypothesis also supported by the literature, we assessed whether the SWS may operate as a mediator rather than a moderator of the association between racial discrimination and allostatic load.”
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Self-citationNelson, T., Cardemil, E. V., Overstreet, N. M., Hunter, C. D., & Woods‐Giscombé, C. L. (2022) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/cdp0000533 · Cited by 69
“…with stress (Woods-Giscombé et al., 2019), elevated levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms (Watson & Hunter, 2015; Woods-Giscombé et al., 2019), physical inactivity and impaired sleep quality (Woods-Giscombé et al., 2019), and psychological distress (Shahid et al., 2018; Watson-Singleton, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential25 years of psychology research on the “strong black woman”
Thomas, Z., Banks, J., Eaton, A., & Ward, L. M. (2022) · Social & Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12705 · Cited by 50
“Such a scale was recently published by Woods-Giscombé et al. (2019), measuring obligations to appear strong, suppress emotions, help others, resist vulnerability, and possess an intense motivation to succeed.”
Black Women at War: A Comprehensive Framework for Research on the Strong Black Woman
Davis, S. M., & Jones, M. K. (2021) · Women s Studies in Communication · doi:10.1080/07491409.2020.1838020 · Cited by 63
“For many Black women, strength means being self-reliant and independent, caring for others (often at the expense of one’s own self-care), and silencing one’s emotions even when faced with mistreatment (Abrams, Maxwell, Pope, & Belgrave, 2014; BeauboeufLafontant, 2009; Harris-Perry, 2011; Nelson, Cardemil, & Adeoye, 20…”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Woods-Giscombe, C. L., Allen, A. M., Black, A. R., Steed, T. C., Li, Y., & Lackey, C.
- Affiliations
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
- Emory University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Issues in Mental Health Nursing
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-05-13
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 672-681
- ISSN
- 0161-2840 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-4673
- PMC
- PMC7220093
- OpenAlex
- W2945353172
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Issues in Mental Health Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research and the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health (NR03443)
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health (T32NR007091)
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Minority Fellowship Program at the American Nurses Association
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars Program
- Josiah Macy Foundation
- University of California, Berkeley (UCB) Hellman Fund
- USA
- UCB Population Center, USA
- UCB Research Bridging Grant, USA
- UCB Experimental Social Science Laboratory, USA
- Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program (UCB site), USA
- UC Center for New Racial Studies, USA
- UCB Institute for the Study of Societal Issues, USA
- NIMHD grant (P60MD006902)
- NIH-funded career development award, Building Interdisciplinary Careers in Women's Health (K12HD055892 NICHD/ORWH/NIH)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- Superwoman Schema, African American women, psychometric properties, factor structure, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, sleep quality, physical inactivity, health behavior, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Black or African American, Depression, Female, Humans, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Health Behavior, Exercise, Focus Groups
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