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Cited by 370Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

Explaining Disproportionately High Rates of Adverse Birth Outcomes Among African Americans: The Impact of Stress, Racism, and Related Factors in Pregnancy.

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Giscombé, Cheryl L., Lobel, Marci·2005·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.662PMC PMC7451246
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Abstract

Compared with European Americans, African American infants experience disproportionately high rates of low birth weight and preterm delivery and are more than twice as likely to die during their 1st year of life. The authors examine 5 explanations for these differences in rates of adverse birth outcomes: (a) ethnic differences in health behaviors and socioeconomic status; (b) higher levels of stress in African American women; (c) greater susceptibility to stress in African Americans; (d) the impact of racism acting either as a contributor to stress or as a factor that exacerbates stress effects; and (e) ethnic differences in stress-related neuroendocrine, vascular, and immunological processes. The review of literature indicates that each explanation has some merit, although none is sufficient to explain ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes. There is a lack of studies examining the impact of such factors jointly and interactively. Recommendations and cautions for future research are offered.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.662

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  • Stress and coping are significant factors that explain health disparities among African American women.

    “These disparities in health might relate to how African American women experience and cope with stress (Giscombé & Lobel, 2005; Kwate, Valdimarsdottir, Guevarra, & Bovbjerg, 2003; Nyamathi, Wayment, & Dunkel-Schetter, 1993).”

    From Superwoman Schema: African American Women’s Views on Stress, Strength, and Health (2010) · cites this paper as Giscombé & Lobel, 2005

    The Discussion links prenatal stress to disparities in birth outcomes and suggests African American women may be more susceptible to its effects. It also explicitly says the review did not address coping as a contributor to those disparities and calls for further study. The source therefore supports the citing sentence’s tentative link to stress, but not an established role for coping or a general claim about health disparities beyond birth outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Based on this evidence, a Superwoman ideal combined with emotional suppression might put the health and well-being of African American women who use this strategy at risk.

    “Based on this evidence, a Superwoman ideal accompanied by emotional suppression might place the health and well-being of African American women who use this strategy at risk.”

    From Superwoman Schema: African American Women’s Views on Stress, Strength, and Health (2010) · cites this paper as Giscombé, 2005

    The Discussion (page unavailable) links suppression of negative affect to higher blood pressure and diminished immune functioning, and reports that African American women who quietly accepted discrimination were more likely to have hypertension than those who expressed their feelings. This supports the suggested health risk of emotional suppression, but the paper does not address a Superwoman ideal or the risk of combining that ideal with suppression. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Giscombé, C. L., & Lobel, M.
Affiliations
Stony Brook University (US)
ORCID
Lobel, Marci
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2005-09
Volume
131
Issue
5
Pages
662-683
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.662
PMC
PMC7451246
OpenAlex
W2014193385
Cited by
370
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
FWCI
3.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • National Institute of Nursing Research (T32NR007091)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD39753, R01HD039753)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords
adverse birth outcomes, African American women, low birth weight, preterm birth, infant mortality, racial disparities in health, stress, racism, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, health behavior, neuroendocrine stress response, immune response, ethnic differences
MeSH terms
Black or African American, Female, Humans, Obstetric Labor Complications, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prejudice, Stress, Psychological

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