Cited by 2,955Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsStatistical Methods in Epidemiologyscientometrics and bibliometrics research

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A Nonparametric “Trim and Fill” Method of Accounting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis

Duval, Sue, Tweedie, Richard·2000·Journal of the American Statistical Association

DOI 10.1080/01621459.2000.10473905

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Abstract

Meta-analysis collects and synthesizes results from individual studies to estimate an overall effect size. If published studies are chosen, say through a literature review, then an inherent selection bias may arise, because, for example, studies may tend to be published more readily if they are statistically significant, or deemed to be more “interesting” in terms of the impact of their outcomes. We develop a simple rank-based data augmentation technique, formalizing the use of funnel plots, to estimate and adjust for the numbers and outcomes of missing studies. Several nonparametric estimators are proposed for the number of missing studies, and their properties are developed analytically and through simulations. We apply the method to simulated and epidemiological datasets and show that it is both effective and consistent with other criteria in the literature.

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Authors: Duval, S., & Tweedie, R.
Affiliations: Colorado State University (US)
University of Minnesota (US)
ORCID: Duval, Sue
Venue: Journal of the American Statistical Association
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2000-03
Volume: 95
Issue: 449
Pages: 89-98
ISSN: 0162-1459 (ISSN-L)
1537-274X
DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2000.10473905
OpenAlex: W2043565183
Cited by: 2,955
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 106 · 2025: 167 · 2024: 189 · 2023: 171 · 2022: 233 · 2021: 275 · 2020: 259 · 2019: 179 · 2018: 184 · 2017: 160 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 149 · 2014: 128 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 101
FWCI: 21.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of the American Statistical Association (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Keywords: publication bias, trim and fill, missing studies, funnel plot, nonparametric estimators, selection bias, meta-analysis, effect size estimation

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A Nonparametric “Trim and Fill” Method of Accounting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis

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