CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 388Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingThermoregulation and physiological responses

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Nutrition for endurance sports: Marathon, triathlon, and road cycling

Open access
Jeukendrup, Asker E.·2011·Journal of Sports Sciences
DOI 10.1080/02640414.2011.610348
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Endurance sports are increasing in popularity and athletes at all levels are looking for ways to optimize their performance by training and nutrition. For endurance exercise lasting 30 min or more, the most likely contributors to fatigue are dehydration and carbohydrate depletion, whereas gastrointestinal problems, hyperthermia, and hyponatraemia can reduce endurance exercise performance and are potentially health threatening, especially in longer events (>4 h). Although high muscle glycogen concentrations at the start may be beneficial for endurance exercise, this does not necessarily have to be achieved by the traditional supercompensation protocol. An individualized nutritional strategy can be developed that aims to deliver carbohydrate to the working muscle at a rate that is dependent on the absolute exercise intensity as well as the duration of the event. Endurance athletes should attempt to minimize dehydration and limit body mass losses through sweating to 2-3% of body mass. Gastrointestinal problems occur frequently, especially in long-distance races. Problems seem to be highly individual and perhaps genetically determined but may also be related to the intake of highly concentrated carbohydrate solutions, hyperosmotic drinks, as well as the intake of fibre, fat, and protein. Hyponatraemia has occasionally been reported, especially among slower competitors with very high intakes of water or other low sodium drinks. Here I provide a comprehensive overview of recent research findings and suggest several new guidelines for the endurance athlete on the basis of this. These guidelines are more detailed and allow a more individualized approach.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/02640414.2011.610348

Cites

60 of 60 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 62 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Foster , C. , Costill , D. L. and Fink , W. J. 1979 . Effects of preexercise feedings on endurance performance . Medicine and Science and Sports , 11 : 1 – 5 .
  2. Schaub , N. , Spichtin , H. P. and Stalder , G. A. 1985 . Ischämische Kolitis als Ursache einer Darmblutung bei Marathonlauf? . Schweizerische Medicin Wochenschrift , 115 : 454 – 457 .

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 384

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Jeukendrup, A. E.
Affiliations
University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Jeukendrup, Asker E.
Venue
Journal of Sports Sciences
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2011-01
Volume
29
Issue
sup1
Pages
S91-9
ISSN
  • 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
  • 1466-447X
DOI
10.1080/02640414.2011.610348
OpenAlex
W2140687405
Cited by
388
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 9
FWCI
9.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords
marathon running, triathlon, road cycling, dehydration, carbohydrate depletion, gastrointestinal problems, hyperthermia, hyponatremia, muscle glycogen, supercompensation, carbohydrate intake, sweat loss
MeSH terms
Energy Intake, Dehydration, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatigue, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Glycogen, Humans, Nutritional Requirements, Nutritional Status, Physical Endurance, Sports, Sweat, Sweating, Weight Loss, Guidelines as Topic, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue, Athletic Performance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review