Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined ingestion of a large amount of fructose and glucose during cycling exercise would lead to exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates >1 g/min. Eight trained cyclists (maximal O 2 consumption: 62 ± 3 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed four exercise trials in random order. Each trial consisted of 120 min of cycling at 50% maximum power output (63 ± 2% maximal O 2 consumption), while subjects received a solution providing either 1.2 g/min of glucose (Med-Glu), 1.8 g/min of glucose (High-Glu), 0.6 g/min of fructose + 1.2 g/min of glucose (Fruc+Glu), or water. The ingested fructose was labeled with [U-13 C]fructose, and the ingested glucose was labeled with [U-14 C]glucose. Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were ∼55% higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu (1.26 ± 0.07 g/min) compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (0.80 ± 0.04 and 0.83 ± 0.05 g/min, respectively). Furthermore, the average exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates over the 60- to 120-min exercise period were higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (1.16 ± 0.06, 0.75 ± 0.04, and 0.75 ± 0.04 g/min, respectively). There was a trend toward a lower endogenous carbohydrate oxidation in Fruc+Glu compared with the other two carbohydrate trials, but this failed to reach statistical significance ( P = 0.075). The present results demonstrate that, when fructose and glucose are ingested simultaneously at high rates during cycling exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates can reach peak values of ∼1.3 g/min.
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When large amounts of carbohydrate are ingested during exercise, the co-ingestion of fructose lowers gastrointestinal distress compared to ingesting equivalent amounts of glucose (polymers) alone.
“When large amounts of carbohydrate are ingested during exercise, the co‐ingestion of fructose lowers gastrointestinal distress compared to ingesting equivalent amounts of glucose (polymers) alone (Jentjens et al. 2004; de Oliveira et al. 2014; Gonzalez et al. 2015; Trommelen et al. 2017).”
From Fructose co‐ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes (2019) · cites this paper as Jentjens et al. 2004
The small size of the muscle glycogen-sparing effect reflects the simultaneous suppression of fatty acid oxidation.
“The small size of the muscle glycogen-sparing effect that we report when carbohydrate is ingested during exercise re fl ects the simultaneous suppression of fatty acid oxidation”
From Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise and net skeletal muscle glycogen utilization: A meta-analysis. (2026) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Jentjens, R. L. P. G., Moseley, L., Waring, R. H., Harding, L. K., & Jeukendrup, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- ORCID
- Waring, Rosemary H.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1277-1284
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2121937652
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- carbohydrate oxidation, fructose ingestion, glucose ingestion, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, cycling exercise, carbohydrate supplementation, trained cyclists, stable isotope tracers
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Blood Glucose, Carbon Isotopes, Carbon Radioisotopes, Dietary Carbohydrates, Drug Combinations, Fats, Fructose, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Glucose, Humans, Lactates, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Time Factors, Exercise, Incidence, Carbohydrate Metabolism
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