Attentional biases in dysphoria: An eye-tracking study of the allocation and disengagement of attention

Sears, Christopher R.; Thomas, Charmaine L.; LeHuquet, Jessica M.; Johnson, Jeremy C. S.

doi:10.1080/02699930903399319

Cited by 84Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory Processes and Influences

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Attentional biases in dysphoria: An eye-tracking study of the allocation and disengagement of attention

Sears, Christopher R., Thomas, Charmaine L., LeHuquet, Jessica M., Johnson, Jeremy C. S.·2010·Cognition & Emotion

DOI 10.1080/02699930903399319

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Abstract

This study looked for evidence of biases in the allocation and disengagement of attention in dysphoric individuals. Participants studied images for a recognition memory test while their eye fixations were tracked and recorded. Four image types were presented (depression-related, anxiety-related, positive, neutral) in each of two study conditions. For the simultaneous study condition, four images (one of each type) were presented simultaneously for 10 seconds, and the number of fixations and the total fixation time to each image was measured, similar to the procedure used by Eizenman et al. (2003) and Kellough, Beevers, Ellis, and Wells (2008). For the sequential study condition, four images (one of each type) were presented consecutively, each for 4 seconds; to measure disengagement of attention an endogenous cuing procedure was used (Posner, 1980). Dysphoric individuals spent significantly less time attending to positive images than non-dysphoric individuals, but there were no group differences in attention to depression-related images. There was also no evidence of a dysphoria-related bias in initial shifts of attention. With respect to the disengagement of attention, dysphoric individuals were slower to disengage their attention from depression-related images. The recognition memory data showed that dysphoric individuals had poorer memory for emotional images, but there was no evidence of a conventional mood-congruent memory bias. Differences in the attentional and memory biases observed in depressed and dysphoric individuals are discussed.

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Sears et al. (2010) found that depressed individuals were slower initiating saccades away from dysphoric images, but not other image types, compared to non-depressed individuals, and this maintenance bias was not revealed in a free viewing condition of their study.
“Sears et al. (2010) found that depressed individuals were slower initiating saccades away from dysphoric images, but not other image types (i.e., threatening, pleasant, neutral) compared to non-depressed individuals, a maintenance bias that was not revealed in a free viewing condition of their study.”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Sears et al. (2010)

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Authors: Sears, C. R., Thomas, C. L., LeHuquet, J. M., & Johnson, J. C. S.
Affiliations: University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author: Sears, Christopher R.
ORCID: Sears, Christopher R.
Johnson, Jeremy C. S.
Venue: Cognition & Emotion
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-12
Volume: 24
Issue: 8
Pages: 1349-1368
ISSN: 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
1464-0600
DOI: 10.1080/02699930903399319
OpenAlex: W1987373083
Cited by: 84
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 7.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: dysphoria, attentional bias, attentional disengagement, attention allocation, depression, anxiety, eye fixations

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Attentional biases in dysphoria: An eye-tracking study of the allocation and disengagement of attention

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