Gratitude: Prompting behaviours that build relationships
Abstract
The emotion gratitude is argued to play a pivotal role in building and maintaining social relationships. Evidence is accumulating that links gratitude to increases in relationship satisfaction. Yet, there is currently little evidence for how gratitude does this. The present paper provides experimental evidence of gratitude facilitating relationship-building behaviours. Study 1 provides evidence that gratitude promotes social affiliation, leading one to choose to spend time with a benefactor. Study 2 offers further evidence of gratitude's ability to strengthen relationships by showing that gratitude facilitates socially inclusive behaviours, preferentially towards one's benefactor, even when those actions come at a cost to oneself.
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Gratitude has positive dyadic effects: its experience induces social approach behaviors toward one's benefactor, while its expression elicits approach behaviors from the benefactor toward the expressor.
“Gratitude has positive dyadic effects: its experience induces social approach behaviors toward one’s benefactor,(43) while its expression elicits approach behaviors from the benefactor toward the expressor.(44)”
The social connectedness-related benefits of positive activities previously demonstrated in non-clinical and non-diagnosed elevated symptom samples also extend to clinical populations.
“Thus, the current findings provide preliminary evidence that the social connectedness-related benefits of positive activities previously demonstrated in non-clinical (Algoe et al., 2013; Bartlett et al., 2012; O’Connell et al., 2016; Nelson et al., 2016; Williams & Bartlett, 2015) and non-diagnosed elevated symptom samples (Alden & Trew, 2013) also extend to clinical populations.”
From Enhancing social connectedness in anxiety and depression through amplification of positivity: Preliminary treatment outcomes and process of change (2020) · cites this paper as Bartlett et al., 2012
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Quan, S., Li, M., Xiao-hui, Y., Song, H., & Wang, Z. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02173-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ting, S., & Yeh, L.-Y. (2013) · School Leadership and Management · doi:10.1080/13632434.2013.813453 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Positive prenatal well-being: conceptualising and measuring mindfulness and gratitude in pregnancy
Matvienko‐Sikar, K., Dockray, S., & Hammond, S. (2016) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0620-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Learning and teaching virtuous gratitude
Carr, D., Morgan, B. E., & Gulliford, L. (2015) · Oxford Review of Education · doi:10.1080/03054985.2015.1119679 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The paradox of power: The relationship between self-esteem and gratitude
Bartlett, M. Y., Valdesolo, P., & Arpin, S. N. (2019) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2019.1601609 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Surachartkumtonkun, J., Ngo, L. V., & Shao, W. (2023) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103421 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Power and Practice of Gratitude
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Self-Control as a Coordination Problem
Sklar, A. Y., & Fujita, K. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197500941.003.0004 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Percival, N. M., & Pulford, B. D. (2019) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2019.1690970 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cross-Lagged Associations between Gratitude and Adolescent Athlete Burnout
Chen, L. H., & Chang, Y.-P. (2014) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-014-9223-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A gift for gratitude and cooperative behavior: brain and cognitive effects
Balconi, M., Fronda, G., & Vanutelli, M. E. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Adaptation and validation of the gratitude questionnaire (GQ-6) for the Indian context
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- Authors
- Bartlett, M. Y., Condon, P., Cruz, J., Baumann, J., & Desteno, D.
- Affiliations
- Gonzaga University (US)
- Northeastern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bartlett, Monica Y.
- Venue
- Cognition & Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-13
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2070369089
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 9.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- gratitude, relationship building, relationship satisfaction, social affiliation, social inclusion, donors, prosocial behavior, interpersonal relationships
- MeSH terms
- Attitude, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Models, Psychological, Personal Satisfaction, Social Behavior, Beneficence
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