The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain Systems that Mediate both Emotion and Cognition
Abstract
Neurobiological research with animals strongly suggests that the brain systems which mediate emotion overlap with those that mediate cognition to such a degree that it is difficult, if not impossible, to maintain any clear distinction between them. Possible reasons for this overlap are discussed; and a model of brain systems that simultaneously subserve emotion and cognition is presented. The model postulates the existence of three fundamental systems of this kind in the mammalian brain: a behavioural approach system, a fight/flight system, and a behavioural inhibition system. The neuropsychology of each of these systems is briefly presented.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“First, the direct effect of avoidance motivation is to decrease approach motivation (path c).”
From The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation (2014) · cites this paper as Gray, 1990
Citations
Cites
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010
The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction
Bartus, R. T., Dean, R. L., Beer, B., & Lippa, A. S. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7046051 · Cited by 5,545
The hippocampus as a cognitive map
Passingham, R. E. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90015-0 · Cited by 5,128
Gray, J. A. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00013066 · Cited by 4,477
Self-citationThe psychology of fear and stress
(1988) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-2399 · Cited by 3,133
Attentional bias in emotional disorders.
MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. R. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.95.1.15 · Cited by 2,553
Handbook of Experimental Psychology
(1952) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1952.02930050088038 · Cited by 2,276
Hippocampus, space, and memory
Olton, D. S., Becker, J. T., & Handelmann, G. E. (1979) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00062713 · Cited by 2,018
(1995) · Cited by 1,979
Handbook of clinical neurology
(1986) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(86)90030-5 · Cited by 1,848
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Gray J. A., 1982, The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the sepio-hippocampal system
- Gray J. A., 1989, Coping with uncertainty: Biological, behavioural and developmental perspectives
- 10.1017/S0140525X00013066 · DOI · Paper page
- Gray J. A., Behavioral & Brain Sciences.
- Kamin L. J., 1968, Miami symposium on the prediction of behavior
- LeDoux J. E., 1987, Handbook of physiology, nervous system V, higher function
- 10.1017/S0140525X00012759 · DOI · Paper page
- Phillips A. G., 1987, Method of assessing the reinforcing properties of abused drugs
- Rolls E. T., 1986, Emotions: Neural and chemical control
- Saner M., 1988, Benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Memory and information processing
- Schachter S., 1966, Anxiety and behavior
- Spence J. T., 1966, Anxiety and behavior
- Jones S. H., The Kamin blocking effect in acute and chronic schizophrenics
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,000
Developing a Sequential Process Model of Coaching
Zimmermann, L., & Antoni, C. H. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O · doi:10.1026/0932-4089/a000257 · Cited by 5
Spitzmüller, M., Park, G., Dyne, L. V., Wagner, D. T., & Maerz, A. (2020) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2020.1843436 · Cited by 6
Mellick, W. H., Prisciandaro, J. J., Brenner, H. M., Brown, D. G., & Tolliver, B. K. (2021) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000512661 · Cited by 7
Dopaminergic Genetic Variation in Young Adolescents: Associations with Sensation-Seeking
Sapuram, V. R., Vrshek‐Schallhorn, S., Hilt, L. M., & Stroud, C. B. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00823-y · Cited by 5
Development of a Children’s Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire – Japanese Version
Takahashi, T., Ishikawa, S., & Sato, S. (2021) · The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.5926/jjep.69.382 · Cited by 5
Temperament and Offending Behaviors in Male Adolescents
Manetsch, M., Aebi, M., Barra, S., Goth, K., Boonmann, C., Schmeck, K., Bessler, C., & Plattner, B. (2022) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x221113532 · Cited by 5
Balconi, M., Angioletti, L., & Crivelli, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2023.1056972 · Cited by 5
Bailes, L. G., Lickenbrock, D. M., Swift, A. R., & Rios, L. J. (2024) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/infa.12589 · Cited by 5
Some Thoughts about Feelings: A Study of the Role of Cognition and Emotion in Polygraph Testing
Handler, M., Shaw, P., & Gougler, M. (2010) · Cited by 5
Weisberg, H. R., Bajaj, A., & Contrada, R. J. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.056 · Cited by 5
Motivacija i strategije samoregulacije učenja: teorija, mjerenje i primjena
Lončarić, D. (2015) · Cited by 5
The role of tenacious versus flexible goal pursuit in the vulnerability to bipolar disorder
Dempsey, R. C., Eardley, K., & Dodd, A. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00748-7 · Cited by 5
Walker, S. D. S., & Bonner, B. L. (2021) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-020-09729-w · Cited by 5
Sinclair, C., Eramudugolla, R., Brady, B., Cherbuin, N., & Anstey, K. J. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2021.1909709 · Cited by 5
Genaro, L. T., Ribeiro, P. V. S., Mororó, L. G., Panizzutti, R., & Scoriels, L. (2021) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101743 · Cited by 5
Applications of Memristors in Neural Networks and Neuromorphic Computing: A Review
Wang, Y.-G. (2021) · International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing · doi:10.18178/ijmlc.2021.11.5.1060 · Cited by 5
Effectiveness, Efficiency and Executive Directors’ Compensation Among Listed Companies in Malaysia
Alarussi, A. S. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211054129 · Cited by 5
Okabe, Y., & Ito, D. (2022) · Sexual Health & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/26929953.2022.2113192 · Cited by 5
Time window for cognitive activity involved in emotional processing
Motoi, M., Egashira, Y., Nishimura, T., Choi, D., Matsumoto, R., & Watanuki, S. (2014) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/1880-6805-33-21 · Cited by 5
Using the Experience of Evoked Emotion in Virtual Reality to Manage Workplace Stress
Tichon, J., & Mavin, T. J. (2016) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9986-1.ch015 · Cited by 5
Habibi, M., Alahdadi, S., Mohammadi, L., & Ghanbari, N. (2019) · مجله سلامت و بهداشت · doi:10.29252/j.health.10.1.58 · Cited by 5
El estudio experimental del poder social: consecuencias cognitivas, afectivas y comportamentales
Willis, G. B., & Rodríguez‐Bailón, R. (2010) · Studies in Psychology Estudios de Psicología · doi:10.1174/021093910793154402 · Cited by 5
Grös, D. F. (2011) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9240-y · Cited by 5
Genetics of Reading Ability and Its Role in Solving Reading Difficulties
Sriganesh, R., Rahul, D. R., & Ponniah, R. J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8572-7_8 · Cited by 5
The Benefits of Eye-Closure on Eyewitness Memory
Vredeveldt, A. (2011) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 5
Is `Self-Regulation' a more Helpful Construct than `Attention'?
Cousens, P., & Nunn, K. P. (1997) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104597021004 · Cited by 5
Latinos Rising to the Challenge: Political Responses to Threat and Opportunity Messages
Nichols, V. C. (2017) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 5
Yan, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1414282 · Cited by 15
When Inviting Voice Backfires: How Leader Dominance Shapes Employee Responses to Voice Solicitation
Qi, S. O. N. G., Yang, S., Chen, Y., Ren, S., & Guo, Y. (2026) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.70052 · Cited by 5
Vadvilavičius, T., Šeibokaitė, L., Endriulaitienė, A., Markšaitytė, R., & Sullman, M. J. M. (2023) · Transactions on Transport Sciences · doi:10.5507/tots.2023.001 · Cited by 4
Emotion, Motivation, Persönlichkeit und ihre neurobiologischen Grundlagen
Roth, G., & Strüber, N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-59038-6_6 · Cited by 4
Martín-Pérez, C., Vergara‐Moragues, E., Fernández-Muñóz, J. J., González, J. M. G., & García‐Moreno, L. M. (2022) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2021.1941522 · Cited by 4
Mogu li nagrade povećati intrinzičnu motivaciju za učenje? - Pregled istraživanja
Sveučilište u Zadru, O. Z. P., & Sorić, I. (2021) · Suvremena psihologija · doi:10.21465/2021-sp-242-01 · Cited by 4
Schade, S., & Schack, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-40118-4_14 · Cited by 4
Kästner, A., & Petzke, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2024.1288758 · Cited by 5
The effect of approach and avoidance motivation on self-perception
Walker, M., & Stephan, E. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104391 · Cited by 5
Jumping to Conclusions: Mechanisms of Cognitive Control in Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
Shih, P.-C., Pérez-Santiago, Á., Peña, D., Wazne, D., & Román, S. (2025) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs15020226 · Cited by 5
Why Customers Behave Badly? The Review of Antecedent Research on Customer Misbehavior
Fan, G., Ma, Q., Liu, R., & Hao, J. (2012) · doi:10.1109/ijcss.2012.47 · Cited by 4
Ozaki, Y. (2011) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.18.125 · Cited by 5
Frequent cannabis use is associated with reduced negative priming among females.
Albertella, L., Pelley, M. E. L., & Copeland, J. (2016) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000085 · Cited by 4
Hungry people cannot take care of their future: impact of hunger on intertemporal choice
Lu, W., Zhou, Y., Pan, L. S., & Zhao, Y. (2019) · Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science · doi:10.1108/jcmars-02-2019-0014 · Cited by 4
Regression II. Development through regression
Alexandrov, Y., Svarnik, О. E., Игорьевна, З. И., Kolbeneva, M. G., Arutyunova, K. R., Krylov, A., Bulava, A., & Feldman, B. M. (2020) · Journal of Analytical Psychology · doi:10.1111/1468-5922.12596 · Cited by 23
The role of individual differences in risk learning: Who learns to place optimal wagers?
Frank, D. J., Demaree, H. A., & Macnamara, B. N. (2020) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101633 · Cited by 4
Tomczyk, S., Rahn, M., Markwart, H., & Schmidt, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168353 · Cited by 5
Behavioral Inhibition and Activation System Factors in Offenders and Non-Offenders
Molleman, P. W., Driessen, J. M. A., Schilder, C. M. T., Bulten, B. H., & Brazil, I. A. (2021) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2021.1947422 · Cited by 6
Examining Behavioral Approach and Inhibition to Further Characterize Youth With Impulsive Aggression
Martin, C. P., Youngstrom, E. A., Langfus, J. A., Findling, R. L., Youngstrom, J. K., Eck, K. V., Stepanova, E. A., & Young, A. S. (2023) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.08.001 · Cited by 4
Sadeghzadeh, Z., & Bagheri, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1212187 · Cited by 4
Comparing the activity of brain/behavioral systems and happiness in male and female students
Alimoradi, L., Aubi, S., & Yousefi, S. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.306 · Cited by 4
Abdollatif, A. M., Hoshyar, S., & Gharavi, M. M. (2012) · Cited by 4
Tan, X., van Prooijen, J., Proulx, T., Wu, H., van Beest, I., & Lange, P. A. M. V. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.051 · Cited by 6
Chronic Regulatory Focus and Work-Family Conflict among Chinese Workers
Zhao, X., Namasivayam, K., Beutell, N. J., Liu, J., & Wang, F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124526 · Cited by 4
Théorie multidimensionnelle et computationnelle de l’humeur
Bottemanne, H., Barberousse, A., & Fossati, P. (2022) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2022.02.002 · Cited by 9
Does Power Corrupt? The Evidence from Event-Related Potentials
Liu, Y., & Huang, J. (2015) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2015.31013 · Cited by 4
Modeling the activation of tobacco smoking expectancies in memory in relation to use patterns
Linkovich-Kyle, T. L., Schreiner, A. M., & Dunn, M. E. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.021 · Cited by 4
A Study on the Effects of One's Blood Type Cognitive Function and Emotional Character for the Elder
Bak, K.-J., Ahn, S.-K., & Lee, H.-K. (2010) · Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society · doi:10.5762/kais.2010.11.6.2072 · Cited by 4
State Effect of Traumatic Experience on Personality Structure
Lee, H. S., Lee, S. G., Lee, H.-P., & Kim, Y. (2012) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2012.9.4.361 · Cited by 4
What Contributes to Fortigenic Appraisal of Inordinate Demands? Everything!
Strümpfer, D. J. W. (2007) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/008124630703700308 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of the Mental Skills of the High Level Athletes: Example of the Athletes of Martial Arts
Azaiez, F. (2013) · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.9790/0837-1045865 · Cited by 4
김혜미, Chang, M.-S., & Kim, S. Y. (2013) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.1.005 · Cited by 4
허창구, 이철희, 이종현, & Shin, K. (2010) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2010.15.3.005 · Cited by 4
Zamora, E. V., ́s, M. M. R., & Introzzi, I. M. (2017) · Psicodebate · doi:10.18682/pd.v17i1.680 · Cited by 6
HYPNOTIZABILITY AND PAIN MODULATION: A Body–Mind Perspective
Varanini, M., Balocchi, R., Carli, G., Paoletti, G., & Santarcangelo, E. L. (2018) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2018.1460561 · Cited by 4
Saylık, F. Z., & Yalçın, M. G. (2018) · Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies in Psychology · doi:10.26650/sp404167 · Cited by 11
Stroganova, T. A., Tsetlin, M. M., Malykh, S. B., & Malakhovskaya, E. V. (2000) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf02760188 · Cited by 4
AFFECTIVE INTELLIGENCE, THE POLITICAL PERSUASION PROCESS, AND OUTCOME INTENT: AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST
Curran, M. D. (2008) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 4
An examination of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in adults, adolescents, and children
Derry, K. (2018) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.26182/5c9999295f7ec · Cited by 4
The role of affectivity in an expanded model of person-environment fit
İrak, D. U. (2010) · doi:10.22215/etd/2010-09757 · Cited by 4
Zhang, F. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119547143.ch47 · Cited by 5
Golob, E. J., Olayo, R. C., Brown, D. M. Y., & Mock, J. R. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00465 · Cited by 3
Hao, C., Xie, F., & Bu, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1633875 · Cited by 3
Rafdinal, W., Hardiyanto, N., & Juniarti, C. (2025) · International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences · doi:10.1108/ijqss-07-2025-0161 · Cited by 7
Díaz-Guio, D. A., Infante-Villagrán, V. A., Ángel-Díaz, C., Montes, D., Díaz-Gómez, A. S., Pantoja, A., & Castaño, C. Y. M. (2026) · Educación Médica · doi:10.1016/j.edumed.2026.101172 · Cited by 5
Influences of social and non-social rewards on cognitive control in childhood
Jin, X., Zhang, D., & Chevalier, N. (2024) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2023.101413 · Cited by 3
Ghasemzadeh, R., Mahmoudalilou, M., Roudsari, A. B., & Bayrami, M. (2023) · doi:10.61838/kman.jayps.4.5.15 · Cited by 3
Approach, avoidance and weight-related testing: An investigation of frontal EEG asymmetry
Faries, M. D., Kephart, W. C., & Jones, E. J. (2014) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2014.959530 · Cited by 3
Weick, M., Allen, J. A., Vasiljevic, M., & Yao, B. (2015) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2015.11.006 · Cited by 3
Wirkung vorgeburtlicher und früh-nachgeburtlicher Umwelteinflüsse auf Gehirn und Psyche
Roth, G. (2016) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-016-0085-4 · Cited by 3
Ambient Support for Group Emotion: an Agent-Based Model
Duell, R., Memon, Z. A., Jan Treur, A., van der Wal, C. N., & Bosse, T. (2012) · Cited by 3
원성두, & 송명선 (2017) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2017.22.4.008 · Cited by 3
Study of alexithymia trait based on Big-Five Personality Dimensions
Heshmati, R., & Azmoodeh, S. (2017) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1642 · Cited by 3
Balconi, M., & Vanutelli, M. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Life Science · doi:10.1080/21553769.2018.1465858 · Cited by 3
Jyung, M., Choi, I., & Shim, Y. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00374-5 · Cited by 3
Petrič, M., & Zupančič, M. (2021) · Psihološka obzorja · doi:10.20419/2021.30.528 · Cited by 8
Cassioli, F., Angioletti, L., & Balconi, M. (2021) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-021-03134-8 · Cited by 3
Gago, B., Perea, M., Livianos, L., Sierra, P., & García‐Blanco, A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.067 · Cited by 3
The phenomenology of maintenance goals: lower threat and greater satisfaction with the current state
Ecker, Y., Gilead, M., & Imhoff, R. (2022) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-022-09994-7 · Cited by 5
Waldvogel, T., König, P. D., Wagschal, U., Becker, B., & Weishaupt, S. (2022) · Open Political Science · doi:10.1515/openps-2022-0146 · Cited by 4
Hormonal Mechanisms of In-Pair Mating and Maintenance
Denes, A., Crowley, J. P., & Dhillon, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197524718.013.13 · Cited by 3
Nartey, E. K. (2023) · Athens Journal of Law · doi:10.30958/ajl.9-2-5 · Cited by 3
Loganathan, K., & Tiego, J. (2023) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103424 · Cited by 4
Rickerby, N. C., Hodges, P. W., Jensen, M. P., Besomi, M., & Day, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2024.2370154 · Cited by 4
The effect of swearing on error-related negativity as an indicator for state disinhibition
Beck, V., Brooks, J. L., & Stephens, R. (2024) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218241308560 · Cited by 3
Orui, J., Shiraiwa, K., Inoue, T., Ueda, M., Ueno, K., Naito, Y., & Ishii, R. (2025) · Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/15691861251319466 · Cited by 3
How Power and Powerlessness Corrupt
Yap, A. J. (2013) · doi:10.7916/d8k64hfx · Cited by 3
Alilou, M. M., Roudsari, A. B., & Nasiri, M. (2018) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.466 · Cited by 3
Temporal Tourism Booking Decisions and the Effect of Message and Goal Framing
Rahman, A., Crouch, G. I., & Levin, I. P. (2018) · Tourism Analysis · doi:10.3727/108354218x15143857349495 · Cited by 3
Slikboer, R., Nedeljkovic, M., Castle, D., & Rossell, S. (2018) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.06.007 · Cited by 3
Flückiger, C., & Holtforth, M. G. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13760-0_3 · Cited by 3
Schore, A. N. (2001) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/1097-0355(200101/04)22:1
Metadata
- Authors
- Gray, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gray, Jeffrey A.
- ORCID
- Gray, Jeffrey A.
- Venue
- Cognition & Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1990-07
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 269-288
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2025975991
- Cited by
- 1,400
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- brain systems, Behavioural Approach System, behavioral inhibition system, neuropsychology, mammalian brain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review