β-aminoisobutyric acid attenuates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in mice with type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is a nature thymine catabolite, and contributes to exercise-induced protection from metabolic diseases. Here we show the therapeutical effects of BAIBA on hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced by combined streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Oral administration of BAIBA for 4 weeks reduced blood glucose and lipids levels, hepatic key enzymes of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis expressions, attenuated hepatic insulin resistance and lipid accumulation, and improved insulin signaling in type 2 diabetic mice. BAIBA reduced hepatic ER stress and apoptosis in type 2 diabetic mice. Furthermore, BAIBA alleviated ER stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells with glucosamine-induced insulin resistance. Hepatic AMPK phosphorylation was reduced in STZ/HFD mice and glucosamine-treated HepG2 cells, which were restored by BAIBA treatment. The suppressive effects of BAIBA on glucosamine-induced ER stress were reversed by knockdown of AMPK with siRNA. In addition, BAIBA prevented thapsigargin- or tunicamycin-induced ER stress, and tunicamycin-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that BAIBA attenuates hepatic ER stress, apoptosis and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in mice with type 2 diabetes. AMPK signaling is involved to the role of BAIBA in attenuating ER stress.
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In the liver, a simultaneous decrease in de novo lipogenesis and increased fatty acid oxidation could reduce accretion of diet-derived triglycerides and excess carbohydrates in visceral adipose tissue.
“In the liver, a simultaneous decrease in de novo lipogenesis and increased FAO [112,113] could also reduce accretion of diet-derived TGs and excess carbohydrates in VAT.”
From The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [113]
The Results section ('BAIBA alleviates lipid metabolic derangements in diabetic mice'; page unavailable) reports reduced markers of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lower liver triglyceride content in BAIBA-treated diabetic mice. It does not establish a simultaneous increase in hepatic fatty acid oxidation or show that these liver changes reduce accumulation of diet-derived triglycerides or excess carbohydrates in visceral adipose tissue. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIrisin, IL-15, and BAIBA inhibit hepatic lipogenesis.
“while others such as irisin [65], IL-15 [90], and BAIBA [113] have been found to inhibit hepatic lipogenesis (7).”
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- Authors
- Shi, C.-X., Zhao, M.-X., Shu, X.-D., Xiong, X.-Q., Wang, J.-J., Gao, X.-Y., Chen, Q., Li, Y.-H., Kang, Y.-M., & Zhu, G.-Q.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing Medical University (CN)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Guo-Qing
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2016-02-24
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21924-21924
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4764829
- OpenAlex
- W2285094646
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 5.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (91439120, 31271213, 31571167)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- beta-aminoisobutyric acid, endoplasmic reticulum stress, type 2 diabetes, hepatic insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, AMPK signaling, hepatic apoptosis, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, tunicamycin, thapsigargin
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Aminoisobutyric Acids, Animals, Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Glucosamine, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Phosphorylation, Triglycerides, Tunicamycin, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Thapsigargin, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Hep G2 Cells, Diet, High-Fat, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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