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Cited by 563Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise

Pilegaard, Henriette, Ordway, George A., Saltin, Bengt, Neufer, P. Darrell·2000·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.4.e806
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Abstract

Exercise training elicits a number of adaptive changes in skeletal muscle that result in an improved metabolic efficiency. The molecular mechanisms mediating the cellular adaptations to exercise training in human skeletal muscle are unknown. To test the hypothesis that recovery from exercise is associated with transcriptional activation of specific genes, six untrained male subjects completed 60-90 min of exhaustive one-legged knee extensor exercise for five consecutive days. On day 5, nuclei were isolated from biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle of the untrained and the trained leg before exercise and from the trained leg immediately after exercise and after 15 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of recovery. Transcriptional activity of the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes (relative to beta-actin) increased by three- to sevenfold in response to exercise, peaking after 1-2 h of recovery. Increases in mRNA levels followed changes in transcription, peaking between 2 and 4 h after exercise. Lipoprotein lipase and carnitine pamitoyltransferase I gene transcription and mRNA levels showed similar but less dramatic induction patterns, with increases ranging from two- to threefold. In a separate study, a single 4-h bout of cycling exercise (n = 4) elicited from 5 to >20-fold increases in UCP3, PDK4, and HO-1 transcription, suggesting that activation of these genes may be related to the duration or intensity of exercise. These data demonstrate that exercise induces transient increases in transcription of metabolic genes in human skeletal muscle. Moreover, the findings suggest that the cumulative effects of transient increases in transcription during recovery from consecutive bouts of exercise may represent the underlying kinetic basis for the cellular adaptations associated with exercise training.

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Crossref · 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.4.e806

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  • The recovery period plays a central role in the development of training adaptation.

    “The recovery period, which plays a central role in the development of training adaptation [19], is non optimal for prolonging the period of optimized response to the training stimulus [20].”

    From Periodization of carbohydrate intake: short-term effect on performance (2016) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors
Pilegaard, H., Ordway, G. A., Saltin, B., & Neufer, P. D.
Affiliations
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • Yale University (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2000-10-01
Volume
279
Issue
4
Pages
E806-E814
ISSN
  • 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1555
DOI
10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.4.e806
OpenAlex
W2156516623
Cited by
563
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 26
FWCI
54.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR-45372, R01AR045372)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
post-exercise recovery, skeletal muscle, gene transcription, training effects, UCP3, PDK4, heme oxygenase-1, lipoprotein lipase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, vastus lateralis, exercise intensity and duration, metabolic gene expression
MeSH terms
Uncoupling Protein 3, Actins, Adult, Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase, Carrier Proteins, Exercise Test, Physical Exertion, Gene Expression Regulation, Glycogen Synthase, Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing), Hexokinase, Humans, Ion Channels, Isoenzymes, Leg, Lipoprotein Lipase, Male, Membrane Proteins, Protein Kinases, Rest, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Muscle, Skeletal, Mitochondrial Proteins, Heme Oxygenase-1

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