Cited by 153Circadian rhythm and melatoninImpact of Light on Environment and HealthLight effects on plants

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Daily and Seasonal Variation in the Spectral Composition of Light Exposure in Humans

Thorne, Helen C., Jones, Kay H., Peters, Stuart P., Archer, Simon N., Dijk, Derk-Jan·2009·Chronobiology International

DOI 10.1080/07420520903044315

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Abstract

Light is considered the most potent synchronizer of the human circadian system and exerts many other non-image-forming effects, including those that affect brain function. These effects are mediated in part by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells that express the photopigment melanopsin. The spectral sensitivity of melanopsin is greatest for blue light at approximately 480 nm. At present, there is little information on how the spectral composition of light to which people are exposed varies over the 24 h period and across seasons. Twenty-two subjects, aged 22+/-4 yrs (mean+/-SD) participated during the winter months (November-February), and 12 subjects aged 25+/-3 yrs participated during the summer months (April-August). Subjects wore Actiwatch-RGB monitors, as well as Actiwatch-L monitors, for seven consecutive days while living in England. These monitors measured activity and light exposure in the red, green, and blue spectral regions, in addition to broad-spectrum white light, with a 2 min resolution. Light exposure during the day was analyzed for the interval between 09:00 and 21:00 h. The time course of white-light exposure differed significantly between seasons (p = 0.0022), with light exposure increasing in the morning hours and declining in the afternoon hours, and with a more prominent decline in the winter. Overall light exposure was significantly higher in summer than winter (p = 0.0002). Seasonal differences in the relative contribution of blue-light exposure to overall light exposure were also observed (p = 0.0006), in particular during the evening hours. During the summer evenings (17:00-21:00 h), the relative contribution of blue light was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) (40.2+/-1.1%) than during winter evenings (26.6+/-0.9%). The present data show that in addition to overall light exposure, the spectral composition of light exposure varies over the day and with season.

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Authors: Thorne, H. C., Jones, K. H., Peters, S. P., Archer, S. N., & Dijk, D.-J.
Affiliations: University of Surrey (GB)
Corresponding author: Thorne, Helen C.
ORCID: Thorne, Helen C.
Archer, Simon N.
Dijk, Derk-Jan
Venue: Chronobiology International
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2009-01
Volume: 26
Issue: 5
Pages: 854-866
ISSN: 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
1525-6073
DOI: 10.1080/07420520903044315
OpenAlex: W2161404195
Cited by: 153
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 2.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
Keywords: spectral composition of light, circadian rhythm, seasonal variation, blue light exposure, melanopsin, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, white light exposure, diurnal variation, evening light exposure
MeSH terms: Melanopsin, Adolescent, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Climate, Female, Humans, Light, Male, Photochemistry, Research Design, Seasons, Sleep, Genetic Variation, Rod Opsins

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Daily and Seasonal Variation in the Spectral Composition of Light Exposure in Humans

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