Cited by 659Circadian rhythm and melatoninImpact of Light on Environment and HealthSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime indoor light exposure to best support physiology, sleep, and wakefulness in healthy adults

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Brown, Timothy M., Brainard, George C., Cajochen, Christian, Czeisler, Charles A., Hanifin, John P., Lockley, Steven W., Lucas, Robert J., Münch, Mirjam +10 more·2022·PLOS Biology

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

Ocular light exposure has important influences on human health and well-being through modulation of circadian rhythms and sleep, as well as neuroendocrine and cognitive functions. Prevailing patterns of light exposure do not optimally engage these actions for many individuals, but advances in our understanding of the underpinning mechanisms and emerging lighting technologies now present opportunities to adjust lighting to promote optimal physical and mental health and performance. A newly developed, international standard provides a SI-compliant way of quantifying the influence of light on the intrinsically photosensitive, melanopsin-expressing, retinal neurons that mediate these effects. The present report provides recommendations for lighting, based on an expert scientific consensus and expressed in an easily measured quantity (melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (melaponic EDI)) defined within this standard. The recommendations are supported by detailed analysis of the sensitivity of human circadian, neuroendocrine, and alerting responses to ocular light and provide a straightforward framework to inform lighting design and practice.

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [44]CIE. S 026 a-oic toolbox. Vienna: CIE Central Bureau, 2020. doi: 10.25039/S026.2018 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [46]Brown TM, Brainard GC, Cajochen C, Czeisler CA, Hanifin JP, Lockley SW, et al. Recommendations for Healthy Daytime, Evening, and Night-Time Indoor Light Exposure. preprints. 2020. doi: 10.20944/preprints202012.0037.v1 · DOI
  3. [142]CIE. 015:2018. Colorimetry 4th Edition. Vienna: CIE Central Bureau; 2018.

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Authors
Brown, T. M., Brainard, G. C., Cajochen, C., Czeisler, C. A., Hanifin, J. P., Lockley, S. W., Lucas, R. J., Münch, M., O’Hagan, J. B., Peirson, S. N., Price, L. L. A., Roenneberg, T., Schlangen, L. J. M., Skene, D. J., Spitschan, M., Vetter, C., Zee, P. C., & Wright, K. P.
Affiliations
  • University of Manchester (GB)
  • Thomas Jefferson University (US)
  • University of Basel (CH)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
  • Public Health England (GB)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
  • Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
  • University of Surrey (GB)
  • University of Colorado Boulder (US)
  • Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Brown, Timothy M.
  • Wright, Kenneth P.
Venue
PLOS Biology
Published
2022-03-17
Volume
20
Issue
3
Pages
e3001571
ISSN
  • 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-7885
OpenAlex
W4220935272
Cited by
659
References
134
Citations by year
2026: 150 · 2025: 184 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 1
FWCI
63.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • TU/e Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) (submittedVersion)
  • The Medicine Forum (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
  • mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/N014901/1)
  • University of Manchester, Centre for Biological Timing and Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
circadian rhythm, sleep, wakefulness, melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance, melanopsin, lighting design, neuroendocrine response, healthy adults
MeSH terms
Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Eye, Humans, Lighting, Sleep, Wakefulness

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