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Cited by 225Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyCognitive Abilities and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Span: A Sensitive Measure of Cognitive Deficits in Children With ADHD

Westerberg, Helena, Hirvikoski, Tatja, Forssberg, Hans, Klingberg, Torkel·2004·Child Neuropsychology
DOI 10.1080/09297040409609806
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Abstract

Working memory (WM) has been hypothesised to be impaired in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there are few studies reported on tests measuring visuo-spatial WM (VSWM) in ADHD. Some of these studies used paradigms including episodic memory, others only used low memory loads. In the present study we used a VSWM test that has not been used previously in ADHD research. The sensitivity of the VSWM test and a choice reaction time (CRT) test was evaluated in a pilot study by comparing them to two commonly used tests in ADHD-research; the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and a Go/no-go test, in children with and without ADHD. The groups differed significantly in performance on the VSWM test (P < .01) and CRT (P < .05) but not on the CPT (P > .1) or on the Go/no-go test (P > .1). The results from the VSWM and CRT tests were replicated in a larger sample of participants (80 boys; 27 boys with ADHD and 53 controls, mean age 11.4 years). The difference between the groups was significant for both the VSWM test (P < .01) and the CRT test (P < .01). The effect size (ES) of the VSWM test was 1.34. There was a significant age-by-group interaction on the VSWM test, with larger group differences for the older children (P < .01). Our results show that the VSWM test is a sensitive measure of cognitive deficits in ADHD and it supports the hypothesis that deficits in VSWM is a major component of ADHD.

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Metadata

Authors
Westerberg, H., Hirvikoski, T., Forssberg, H., & Klingberg, T.
Affiliations
Karolinska Institutet (SE)
ORCID
Venue
Child Neuropsychology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2004-09
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
155-161
ISSN
  • 0929-7049 (ISSN-L)
  • 1744-4136
DOI
10.1080/09297040409609806
OpenAlex
W2131694981
Cited by
225
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 22
FWCI
5.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Child Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, visuospatial working memory, working memory deficits, children, test sensitivity, choice reaction time, continuous performance test, go/no-go task, cognitive impairment, age differences
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Choice Behavior, Cognition Disorders, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Pilot Projects, Predictive Value of Tests, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Sensitivity and Specificity, Space Perception, Sweden, Task Performance and Analysis, Visual Perception, Reproducibility of Results

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