Cited by 22Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesAutism Spectrum Disorder Research

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Motor Timing in Adolescents and Their Parents: Familial Characteristics of Reaction Time Variability Vary With Age

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Thissen, Andrieke J.A.M., Luman, Marjolein, Hartman, Catharina, Hoekstra, Pieter, van Lieshout, Marloes, Franke, Barbara, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Rommelse, Nanda N.J. +1 more·2014·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Abstract

Objective There is consistent evidence that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is strongly related to impaired motor timing as reflected in decreased accuracy and increased reaction time variability (RTV). It is not known whether motor timing impairments are present in adolescents and adults with ADHD and their unaffected relatives to the same extent as has been reported in children, and whether ADHD and motor timing share familial underpinnings, as reflected in parent-offspring co-segregation and sibling cross-correlations.Method A total of 589 parents and 808 children/adolescents from families with ADHD and control families (parent/offspring average age: 48.6/17.3 years) were included. All participants were thoroughly assessed for ADHD and performed a 40-trial motor timing task (1-second interval production). Dependent neurocognitive measures included RT median (RTM: representing accuracy), RTV and ex-Gaussian component τ (τ: representing infrequent long response times). Generalized estimating equations were used for analyses.Results Unaffected children from families with ADHD had RTV (but not RTM or τ) scores in between those of affected and control children. However, during middle-to-late adolescence, unaffected offspring were not impaired compared to control offspring and differed from ADHD probands, whereas during late adolescence/early adulthood, all offspring groups performed equally. Affected and unaffected parents of families with ADHD showed increased RTV compared to controls, regardless of age (not significant after adjusting for IQ). There were indications for shared familiality between RTV and ADHD as reflected by sibling cross-correlations and between RTM and ADHD as reflected by sibling cross-correlations and a maternal parent-offspring relation (parent-of-origin effect).Conclusions RTV and its familial characteristics are influenced by development during adolescence. Increased RTV in children with ADHD appears to reflect immaturities in their neurocognitive functioning. Maternal ADHD effects might be involved in transmission of RTM (not RTV), but overall RTM showed less compelling (familial) relationships with ADHD than RTV.

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  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013.
  2. Ivry RB, Fiez JAGM, eds. The New Cognitive Neurosciences. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2000.

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Authors
Thissen, A. J. A. M., Luman, M., Hartman, C., Hoekstra, P., van Lieshout, M., Franke, B., Oosterlaan, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., & Buitelaar, J. K.
Affiliations
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
Corresponding author
Thissen, Andrieke J.A.M.
Venue
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-09
Volume
53
Issue
9
Pages
1010-1019.e4
ISSN
0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2030828419
Cited by
22
References
59
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
FWCI
3.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
  • Radboud Universiteit
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (175.010.2007.010)
  • Accare
  • Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
  • Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum
  • Servier
  • National Institutes of Health (1750102007010)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 62873, R01MH062873)
  • Cilag
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, motor timing, reaction time variability, adolescents, parents, family transmission, parent-of-origin effects, interval timing, ex-Gaussian distribution, age differences
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Time Perception, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Adolescent Development

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