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Cited by 240Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

ADHD subtypes: do they differ in their executive functioning profile?

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GEURTS, H, VERTE, S, OOSTERLAAN, J, ROEYERS, H, SERGEANT, J·2005·Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
DOI 10.1016/j.acn.2004.11.001
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Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder combined subtype (ADHD-C) have a generalized executive functioning (EF) [Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioural inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of AD/HD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94; Barkley, R. A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self-control. New York: The Guilford Press]. We tested whether ADHD-C and ADHD inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) can be differentiated from each other on EF measures. We compared 16 normally developing boys with 16 boys with ADHD-C and 16 with ADHD-I on five EF domains. The boys were all matched on age, IQ, and the presence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD). Despite carefully diagnosed groups and methodological controls, the results do not support the EF-hypothesis of ADHD-C. Children with ADHD-C differed from normal controls (NC) on tasks related to inhibition; they did not exhibit EF deficits on all EF tasks. Children with ADHD-C also exhibited deficits on non-EF tasks. Furthermore, the ADHD-C and ADHD-I subtypes did not differ from one another. Neuropsychological findings on the domains under study did not yield evidence for the distinctiveness of ADHD-C and ADHD-I subtypes.

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  • Beyond learning disorders, processing speed deficits are most consistently associated with ADHD in the mental health literature.

    “To date, beyond learning disorders, PS deficits are most consistently associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the mental health literature23–34.”

    From Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [28]

    In §3.2.1 (page unavailable), the paper reports no significant difference in mean reaction time—a measure of response-execution speed—between children with either ADHD subtype and controls. It does report slower stop-signal reaction times in §3.1.1, but identifies those as a response-inhibition difficulty, not a processing-speed deficit. The paper also does not make the claimed comparison across mental-health conditions. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • Some research has shown that all three ADHD presentations have similar processing speed deficits, indicating that processing speed is not a differentiating factor within ADHD presentations.

    “Some research has shown that all three presentations have similar PS deficits, indicating that PS is not a differentiating factor within ADHD presentations25–28.”

    From Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [28]

    The Discussion reports that ADHD-C and ADHD-I could not be differentiated on most neuropsychological measures. But the study did not include the third presentation, ADHD-H, and its response-execution results (Table 3) show no significant group difference in mean reaction time; it therefore does not establish similar processing-speed deficits across all three presentations. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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2 of the 91 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. New York: Academic Press.
  2. Lord, C., Storoschuk, S., Rutter, M., & Pickles, A. (1993). Using the ADI-Rto diagnose autism in preschool children. Mental Health Journal, 14, 234-252.

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Authors
GEURTS, H., VERTE, S., OOSTERLAAN, J., ROEYERS, H., & SERGEANT, J.
Affiliations
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • Ghent University (BE)
Corresponding author
GEURTS, H
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2005-06
Volume
20
Issue
4
Pages
457-477
ISSN
0887-6177 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.acn.2004.11.001
OpenAlex
W2062409240
Semantic Scholar
21a0797b1b7440a2306d2ed91ee53241624dff24
Cited by
239
References
91
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
FWCI
4.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive function, inhibition, self-control, boys, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, neuropsychological assessment
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Verbal Behavior, Visual Perception, Case-Control Studies

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