Working memory and behavioral inhibition in boys with ADHD: An experimental examination of competing models
Abstract
Working memory (WM) and behavioral inhibition impairments have garnered significant attention as candidate core features, endophenotypes, and/or associated neurocognitive deficits of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The relationship between ADHD-related WM and inhibition deficits remains relatively unclear, however, with inferences about the constructs' directional relationship stemming predominantly from correlational research. The current study utilized a dual-task paradigm to experimentally examine the relationship between ADHD-related WM and behavioral inhibition deficits. A total of 31 boys (15 ADHD and 16 typically developing [TD]) aged 8-12 years completed WM (1-back and 2-back), behavioral inhibition (stop-signal task [SST]), and dual-condition (1-back/SST and 2-back/SST) experimental tasks. Children with ADHD exhibited significant, large-magnitude WM deficits for the 1-back condition but were not significantly different from children in the TD group for the 2-back, 1-back/SST, and 2-back/SST conditions. Children with ADHD also exhibited significant inhibition deficits for the SST, 1-back/SST, and 2-back/SST conditions, but the within-group effect was not significant. The findings suggest that ADHD-related stop-signal demands are upstream, or compete for, resources involved in controlled-focused attention and/or other central executive (CE), WM processes.
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The high working memory condition (2-back) in Alderson et al. was too difficult for all children, which may limit conclusions regarding working memory's impact on inhibitory control functioning.
“Further, despite the elegant experimental design, Alderson et al. (30) pointed out that their high working memory condition (2-back) was simply too difficult for all children (i.e., performance at/below chance levels).”
From Working memory and inhibitory control deficits in children with ADHD: an experimental evaluation of competing model predictions (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
Increasing inhibition demands disrupted n-back memory performance for children with and without ADHD, whereas increasing n-back memory load failed to affect inhibition processes.
“They found that increasing inhibition demands disrupted n-back memory performance for children with and without ADHD, whereas increasing n-back memory load failed to affect inhibition processes (30).”
From Working memory and inhibitory control deficits in children with ADHD: an experimental evaluation of competing model predictions (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The only other experiment to manipulate both working memory and inhibitory control in ADHD found that depleting inhibition resources using a stop-signal paradigm produced significant reductions in n-back accuracy for children with and without ADHD.
“In contrast, at first glance these findings appear to contradict the only other (to our knowledge) experiment to manipulate both working memory and inhibitory control in ADHD, which found that depleting inhibition resources using a stop-signal paradigm produced significant reductions in n-back accuracy for children with and without ADHD (30).”
From Working memory and inhibitory control deficits in children with ADHD: an experimental evaluation of competing model predictions (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Alderson, R. M., Patros, C. H. G., Tarle, S. J., Hudec, K. L., Kasper, L. J., & Lea, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alderson, R. Matt
- Venue
- Child Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-11-13
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 255-272
- ISSN
- 0929-7049 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-4136
- OpenAlex
- W2179770161
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science & Technology (HR11-034)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, working memory, behavioral inhibition, stop-signal task, dual-task performance, central executive, endophenotypes, boys
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Social Behavior, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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