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Cited by 41Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroscience of respiration and sleepVagus Nerve Stimulation Research

Neuroimmune stress responses: reciprocal connections between the hypothalamus and the brainstem

Open access
Buller, Kathryn M.·2003·Stress
DOI 10.1080/1025389031000092313
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Abstract

Hypothalamic nuclei, particularly the paraventricular nuclei (PVN), are important brain sites responsible for eliciting stress responses following a systemic immune challenge. The activation of PVN cells by a systemic immune challenge is critically dependent on the integrity of inputs from brainstem cells situated in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM). Interestingly, a descending pathway from the PVN to the brainstem, recruited by systemic immune challenge, might also exist. It is well documented that PVN neurons innervate the NTS and VLM and recent evidence from our laboratory shows that lesions of the PVN reduce brainstem cell responses elicited by a systemic bolus of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Although a number of different PVN divisions are candidates for the source of inputs to the brainstem, we have demonstrated that the majority of descending PVN projections recruited by systemic IL-1beta arise from cell bodies localized in the medial and lateral parvocellular PVN. These findings suggest that central nervous system responses to an immune challenge are likely to involve complex reciprocal connections between the PVN and the brainstem, whereby brainstem cell populations could essentially act as integratory sites for descending and ascending immune signals. For instance, these brainstem pathways may have significant implications not only for the regulation of central hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic targets but also the autonomic nervous system.

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Crossref · 10.1080/1025389031000092313

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  • When a threat signal is recognized, the central nervous system components amygdala, hypothalamus, and parts of brainstem such as the locus coeruleus are activated.

    “When a threat signal is recognized, the central nervous system (CNS): amygdala (84), hypothalamus (85), and parts of brainstem such as the locus coeruleus, (86–88), which are regarded as the central components of the stress response, will be activated.”

    From Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma (2019) · cites this paper as [86]

    The ‘Ascending Pathways That Contribute to PVN Cell Recruitment’ section reports activation of brainstem NTS and VLM cell groups and hypothalamic PVN cells after a systemic immune challenge. It does not identify the locus coeruleus as an activated region or establish the same response to a general threat signal; the amygdala is mentioned in relation to systemic IL-1β in ‘Putative Significance of Descending PVN Pathways.’ Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Buller, K. M.
Affiliations
The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author
Buller, Kathryn M.
ORCID
Buller, Kathryn M.
Venue
Stress
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2003-01
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
11-17
ISSN
  • 1025-3890 (ISSN-L)
  • 1607-8888
DOI
10.1080/1025389031000092313
OpenAlex
W2095976919
Cited by
41
References
74
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Stress (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Keywords
neuroimmune interactions, hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, brainstem, nucleus tractus solitarius, ventrolateral medulla, IL-1β, descending projections, reciprocal connections, autonomic nervous system, stress response
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain Stem, Hypothalamus, Medulla Oblongata, Neural Pathways, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Recruitment, Neurophysiological, Stress, Physiological, Neuroimmunomodulation, Solitary Nucleus

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