Chronic administration of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist resets the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and improves the affect of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: Preliminary results: Research Report
Open accessAbstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) is associated with depressive symptomatology and intermittent hyperfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. DM type 2 is also accompanied by increased tissue levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), which stimulates the HPA axis through the Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1). We investigated the effect of candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that crosses the blood brain barrier, on the activity of the HPA axis and on the affect of 17 patients with DM type 2, aged 40-65 years, who were treated with 4 mg/day candesartan per os for at least 3 months. Before and after candesartan administration, a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test and psychological tests were performed. In response to hCRH, time-integrated secretion of ACTH was not altered by candesartan administration, however, the cortisol response was decreased significantly compared to baseline (mean +/- SEM, 2327 +/- 148.3 vs. 1943 +/- 131.9 microg/dl, P = 0.005) suggesting reduced sensitivity of the adrenals to ACTH. In parallel, there was a significant improvement in interpersonal sensitivity (0.91 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.15, P = 0.027) and depression scores (0.96 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.10, P = 0.026). We suggest that candesartan resets the HPA axis of patients with DM type 2 and improves their affect.
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ARB use has been associated with improvement depression, anxiety, and quality of life.
“ARB use has been associated with improvement depression, anxiety, and quality of life191.”
From Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression (2019) · cites this paper as [191]
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Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression
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- Authors
- Pavlatou, M. G., Mastorakos, G., Lekakis, I., Liatis, S., Vamvakou, G., Zoumakis, E., Papassotiriou, I., Rabavilas, A. D., Katsilambros, N., & Chrousos, G. P.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Children's Hospital Agia Sophia (GR)
- University Mental Health Research Institute (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Pavlatou, Maria G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Stress
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-72
- ISSN
- 1025-3890 (ISSN-L)
- 1607-8888
- OpenAlex
- W2014786210
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stress (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, candesartan, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, depression, cortisol response, ACTH, corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test, interpersonal sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Affect, Benzimidazoles, Biphenyl Compounds, Blood-Brain Barrier, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Administration Schedule, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Tetrazoles, Treatment Outcome, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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