Nutrition and bipolar disorder: a systematic review

Gabriel, Fernanda C.; Oliveira, Manoela; Bruna De M. Martella; Berk, Michael; Brietzke, Elisa; Jacka, Felice N.; Lafer, Beny

doi:10.1080/1028415x.2022.2077031

Cited by 59Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentFatty Acid Research and HealthNutritional Studies and Diet

Nutrition and bipolar disorder: a systematic review

Open access

Gabriel, Fernanda C., Oliveira, Manoela, Bruna De M. Martella, Berk, Michael, Brietzke, Elisa, Jacka, Felice N., Lafer, Beny·2023·Nutritional Neuroscience

DOI 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2077031

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have higher rates of unhealthy lifestyles and risk for medical comorbidities Research currently suggests that dietary factors may play a role in the development of depression and anxiety. Therefore, nutritional approaches are potential strategies for the treatment of BD. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on nutrition and BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paper was developed based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was conducted in Sep-2021 using PubMed and Cochrane Library, augmented by manually checked references lists. The search found 986 studies, of which 47 were included, combined with 13 from reference lists, totaling 60 studies. RESULTS: There were 33 observational trials, of which 15 focused on fatty acids, 9 on micronutrients, 5 on specific foods, 4 on macro and micronutrients. The 27 interventional studies mainly focused on fatty acids, micronutrients and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). DISCUSSION: Dietary intake or supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly Omega-3 seems to be associated with improved BD symptoms, along with seafood, folic acid and zinc. Studies found variable, mainly non-significant impacts of creatine, carnitine, vitamin D, inositol or NAC supplementation on BD. There are promising results associated with Coenzyme Q10 (Coq10) and probiotics. Taken together, these preliminary findings suggest that dietetic approaches might be included as part of BD treatment. Also considering the high risk of metabolic disorders in individuals with BD, they should be encouraged to choose healthy dietary lifestyles, including daily intake of fruits, vegetables, seafood and whole grains.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2077031

Cites

121 of 121 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Omega-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids) improve bipolar symptoms.
“These acids have been found to improve bipolar symptoms (Gabriel et al. 2022).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Gabriel et al. 2022

The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283 · see citing works
American Academy of Family Physicians
(1966) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196611172752014 · Cited by 1,947 · see citing works
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments ( <scp>CANMAT</scp> ) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders ( <scp>ISBD</scp> ) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder
Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Bond, D. J., Frey, B. N., Sharma, V., Goldstein, B. I., Rej, S., Beaulieu, S., et al. (2018) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12609 · Cited by 1,852 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk for Obesity
Simopoulos, A. P. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8030128 · Cited by 1,673 · see citing works
A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the ‘SMILES’ trial)
Jacka, F. N., O’Neil, A., Opie, R., Itsiopoulos, C., Cotton, S., Mohebbi, M., Castle, D., Dash, S., Mihalopoulos, C., Chatterton, M. L., et al. (2017) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0791-y · Cited by 1,093 · see citing works
Self-citation
Bipolar disorders
McIntyre, R. S., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Goldstein, B. I., López-Jaramillo, C., Kessing, L. V., Malhi, G. S., Nierenberg, A. A., Rosenblat, J. D., Majeed, A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31544-0 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Self-citation
Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Lassale, C., Batty, G. D., Baghdadli, A., Jacka, F., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Kivimäki, M., & Akbaraly, T. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0237-8 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Self-citation
Diet and depression: Exploring the biological mechanisms of action
Marx, W., Lane, M., Hockey, M., Aslam, H., Berk, M., Walder, K., Borsini, A., Firth, J., Pariante, C. M., Berding, K., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00925-x · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Mediterranean-style dietary intervention supplemented with fish oil improves diet quality and mental health in people with depression: A randomized controlled trial (HELFIMED)
Parletta, N., Zarnowiecki, D., Cho, J., Wilson, A., Bogomolova, S., Villani, A., Itsiopoulos, C., Niyonsenga, T., Blunden, S., Meyer, B., et al. (2019) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2017.1411320 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders
Malhi, G. S., Bell, E., Bassett, D., Boyce, P., Bryant, R., Hazell, P., Hopwood, M., Lyndon, B., Mulder, R., Porter, R., et al. (2021) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867420979353 · Cited by 614 · cited 1× · see citing works
“and dysfunctional eating behaviors are modifiable risk factors, it is possible that thesewill be converted into critical interventions for mental health [3,9,10].”
Background
The Effects of Dietary Improvement on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Firth, J., Marx, W., Dash, S., Carney, R., Teasdale, S. B., Solmi, M., Stubbs, B., Schuch, F. B., Carvalho, A. F., Jacka, F., et al. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000673 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Self-citation
N-Acetyl Cysteine for Depressive Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder—A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Berk, M., Copolov, D. L., Dean, O., Lu, K., Jeavons, S., Schapkaitz, I., Anderson-Hunt, M., & Bush, A. I. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.022 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Self-citation
Nutritional psychiatry: The present state of the evidence
Marx, W., Moseley, G., Berk, M., & Jacka, F. (2017) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665117002026 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mental Health in Adults: A Systematic Review
Głąbska, D., Guzek, D., Groele, B., & Gutkowska, K. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010115 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Adverse Effects of Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements
Ronis, M. J. J., Pedersen, K. B., & Watt, J. D. (2017) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052844 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Cross-National Comparisons of Seafood Consumption and Rates of Bipolar Disorders
Noaghiul, S., & Hibbeln, J. R. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2222 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Dietary sources of omega 3 fatty acids: public health risks and benefits
Tur, J. A., Bibiloni, M. M., Sureda, A., & Pons, A. (2012) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512001456 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women’s Health Initiative
Gangwisch, J. E., Hale, L., Garcia, L., Malaspina, D., Opler, M. G., Payne, M. E., Rossom, R. C., & Lane, D. (2015) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.103846 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
A brief diet intervention can reduce symptoms of depression in young adults—a randomised controlled trial
Francis, H. M., Stevenson, R. J., Chambers, J. R., Gupta, D., Newey, B., & Lim, C. K. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222768 · Cited by 277 · cited 1× · see citing works
“diet’ are yielding more consistently promising results [5,6,101,102].”
Background
Lower serum zinc in major depression is a sensitive marker of treatment resistance and of the immune/inflammatory response in that illness
Maes, M., Vandoolaeghe, E., Neels, H., Demedts, P., Wauters, A., Meltzer, H. Y., Altamura, C., & Desnyder, R. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00365-4 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Nutritional Psychiatry: Where to Next?
Jacka, F. N. (2017) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.020 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citation
Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression: A STEP-BD Equipoise Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Antidepressant Augmentation With Lamotrigine, Inositol, or Risperidone
Nierenberg, A. A., Ostacher, M. J., Calabrese, J. R., Ketter, T. A., Marangell, L. B., Miklowitz, D. J., Miyahara, S., Bauer, M. S., Thase, M. E., Wisniewski, S. R., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.2.210 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials of Ethyl-Eicosapentanoate in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression and Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Keck, P. E., Mintz, J., McElroy, S. L., Freeman, M. P., Suppes, T., Frye, M. A., Altshuler, L. L., Kupka, R., Nolen, W. A., Leverich, G. S., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.056 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Serum copper to zinc ratio: Relationship with aging and health status
Malavolta, M., Piacenza, F., Basso, A., Giacconi, R., Costarelli, L., & Mocchegiani, E. (2015) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2015.01.004 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Blood vitamin concentrations during the acute-phase response
LOUW, J. A., WERBECK, A., Louw, M., Kotze, T. J. V. W., COOPER, R., & Labadarios, D. (1992) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199207000-00007 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The efficacy and safety of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental disorders: a meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Firth, J., Teasdale, S. B., Allott, K., Siskind, D., Marx, W., Cotter, J., Veronese, N., Schuch, F., Smith, L., Solmi, M., et al. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20672 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citation
Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in Patients With Bipolar Disorder
Elmslie, J. L., Mann, J. I., Silverstone, J. T., Williams, S. M., & Romans, S. E. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n0614 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Linoleic acid: Between doubts and certainties
Choque, B., Catheline, D., Rioux, V., & Legrand, P. (2013) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.012 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Importance of maintaining a low omega–6/omega–3 ratio for reducing inflammation
DiNicolantonio, J. J., & O’Keefe, J. H. (2018) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2018-000946 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Nutrition and exercise behavior among patients with bipolar disorder1
Kilbourne, A. M., Rofey, D. L., McCarthy, J. F., Post, E. P., Welsh, D. E., & Blow, F. C. (2007) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00386.x · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Dietary Patterns and Depressive Symptoms over Time: Examining the Relationships with Socioeconomic Position, Health Behaviours and Cardiovascular Risk
Jacka, F. N., Cherbuin, N., Anstey, K. J., & Butterworth, P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087657 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of food groups with depression and anxiety disorders
Gibson-Smith, D., Bot, M., Brouwer, I. A., Visser, M., Giltay, E. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-019-01943-4 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Zinc in depressive disorder
McLoughlin, I. J., & Hodge, J. S. (1990) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb03077.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Polyunsaturated fatty acid deficit in patients with bipolar mania
Chiu, C.-C., Huang, S., Su, K., Lu, M., Huang, M., Chen, C., & Shen, W. W. (2003) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00130-x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Adjunctive probiotic microorganisms to prevent rehospitalization in patients with acute mania: A randomized controlled trial
Dickerson, F., Adamos, M. B., Katsafanas, E., Khushalani, S., Origoni, A. E., Savage, C. L. G., Schweinfurth, L. A. B., Stallings, C. R., Sweeney, K., Goga, J. K., et al. (2018) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12652 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
I nternational S ociety for N utritional P sychiatry R esearch consensus position statement: nutritional medicine in modern psychiatry
Sarris, J. J., Logan, A. C., Akbaraly, T. N., Amminger, G. P., Balanzá‐Martínez, V., Freeman, M. P., Hibbeln, J. R., Matsuoka, Y., Mischoulon, D., Mizoue, T., et al. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20223 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citation
Red cell folate concentrations in psychiatric patients
Carney, M. W. P., Chary, T. K. N., Laundy, M., Bottiglieri, T., Chanarin, I., Reynolds, E. H., & Toone, B. (1990) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(90)90093-n · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Selective deficits in erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid composition in adult patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
McNamara, R. K., Jandacek, R. J., Rider, T., Tso, P., Dwivedi, Y., & Pandey, G. N. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.03.015 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and subsequent mood disorders in young people with at-risk mental states: a 7-year longitudinal study
Berger, M., Smesny, S., Kim, S.-W., Davey, C. G., Rice, S., Sarnyai, Z., Schlögelhofer, M., Schäfer, M. R., Berk, M., McGorry, P. D., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.190 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citation
Essential Nutrients: Food or Supplements?
Lichtenstein, A. H., & Russell, R. M. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.3.351 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The Emerging Role for Zinc in Depression and Psychosis
Petrilli, M., Kranz, T. M., Kleinhaus, K., Joe, P., Getz, M., Johnson, P., Chao, M. V., & Malaspina, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00414 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Bipolar Depression
Osher, Y., Bersudsky, Y., & Belmaker, R. H. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0608 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment and T2 Whole Brain Relaxation Times in Bipolar Disorder
Hirashima, F., Parow, A. M., Stoll, A. L., Demopulos, C. M., Damico, K. E., Rohan, M. L., Eskesen, J. G., Zuo, C. S., Cohen, B. M., & Renshaw, P. F. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.161.10.1922 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Inflammation as a treatment target in mood disorders: review
Jones, B. D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., Carvalho, A. F., Strawbridge, R., Young, A. H., Mulsant, B. H., & Husain, M. I. (2020) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2020.43 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
A randomised controlled trial of a mitochondrial therapeutic target for bipolar depression: mitochondrial agents, N-acetylcysteine, and placebo
Berk, M., Turner, A., Malhi, G. S., Ng, C. H., Cotton, S., Dodd, S., Samuni, Y., Tanious, M., McAulay, C., Dowling, N. L., et al. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1257-1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: dietary and lifestyle factors compared to the general population
Bly, M. J., Taylor, S. F., Dalack, G. W., Pop‐Busui, R., Burghardt, K. J., Evans, S. J., McInnis, M. G., Grove, T. B., Brook, R. D., Zöllner, S. K., et al. (2013) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12160 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Preliminary in vivo evidence of increased N-acetyl-aspartate following eicosapentanoic acid treatment in patients with bipolar disorder
Frangou, S., Lewis, M., Wollard, J., & Simmons, A. (2006) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881106067787 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Maintenance N-acetyl cysteine treatment for bipolar disorder: A double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial
Berk, M., Dean, O. M., Cotton, S., Gama, C. S., Kapczinski, F. P., Fernandes, B. S., Kohlmann, K., Jeavons, S., Hewitt, K., Moss, K., et al. (2012) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-91 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hepatotoxicity Induced by Herbal and Dietary Supplements
Lucena, M. I., & Navarro, V. J. (2014) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1375958 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Plasma Folate and Affective Morbidity During Long-Term Lithium Therapy
Coppen, A. J., & Abou‐Saleh, M. T. (1982) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.141.1.87 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Acetyl-L-Carnitine and α-Lipoic Acid in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression
Brennan, B. P., Jensen, J. E., Hudson, J. I., Coit, C. E., Beaulieu, A., Pope, H. G., Renshaw, P. F., & Cohen, B. M. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31829a83f5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Economic evaluation of a dietary intervention for adults with major depression (the “SMILES” trial)
Chatterton, M. L., Mihalopoulos, C., O’Neil, A., Itsiopoulos, C., Opie, R., Castle, D., Dash, S., Brazionis, L., Berk, M., & Jacka, F. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5504-8 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Pop, heavy metal and the blues: secondary analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POP), heavy metals and depressive symptoms in the NHANES National Epidemiological Survey
Berk, M., Williams, L. J., Andreazza, A. C., Pasco, J. A., Dodd, S., Jacka, F. N., Moylan, S., Reiner, E. J., & Magalhaes, P. V. S. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005142 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mineral Nutrition and the Risk of Chronic Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Cheng, W., Zhu, Q., & Zhang, H. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11020378 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The role of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the pathogenesis of bipolar affective disorder
Yanık, M., Vural, H., Tutkun, H., Zoroğlu, S. S., SAVAS, H. A., Herken, H., Ko�yigit, A., Keles, H., & Akyol, �. (2004) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-004-0453-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Creatine for the Treatment of Depression
Kious, B. M., Kondo, D. G., & Renshaw, P. F. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9090406 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Vitamin D supplementation in bipolar depression: A double blind placebo controlled trial
Marsh, W., Penny, J. L., & Rothschild, A. J. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.021 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Targeting cytokines in reduction of depressive symptoms: A comprehensive review
Shariq, A. S., Brietzke, E., Rosenblat, J. D., Barendra, V., Pan, Z., & McIntyre, R. S. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.003 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effective Mood Stabilization With a Chelated Mineral Supplement
Kaplan, B. J., Simpson, J. S., Ferre, R., Gorman, C. P., McMullen, D. M., & Crawford, S. G. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n1204 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Zinc Deficiency Is Common in Several Psychiatric Disorders
Grønli, O., Kvamme, J., Friborg, O., & Wynn, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082793 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Folate, B12, and life course of depressive illness
LEVITT, A. J., & Joffe, R. T. (1989) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(89)90266-7 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and recurrent mood disorders: Phenomenology, mechanisms, and clinical application
Messamore, E., Almeida, D. M., Jandacek, R. J., & McNamara, R. K. (2017) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2017.01.001 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Cohort Profile: The Heinz C. Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder
McInnis, M. G., Assari, S., Kamali, M., Ryan, K. A., Langenecker, S. A., Saunders, E. F. H., Versha, K., Evans, S. J., O’Shea, K. S., Provost, E. M., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyx229 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Gut microbial changes of patients with psychotic and affective disorders: A systematic review
Vindegaard, N., Speyer, H., Nordentoft, M., Rasmussen, S., & Benros, M. E. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.014 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Study of the Serum Copper Levels in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Styczeń, K., Sowa-Kućma, M., Siwek, M., Dudek, D., Reczyński, W., Misztak, P., Szewczyk, B., Topór‐Mądry, R., Opoka, W., & Nowak, G. (2016) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-016-0720-5 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Trace elements in bipolar disorder
González-Estecha, M., Trasobares-Iglesias, E. M., Tajima, K., Cano, S., Fernández, C., López, J. L., Unzeta, B., Arroyo, M., & Fuentenebro, F. (2011) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.015 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adult Outpatients With Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia
Boerman, R., Cohen, D., Schulte, P. F. J., & Nugter, A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000580 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Diet and Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Its Relationship and Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms of Action
Lopresti, A. L., & Jacka, F. N. (2015) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2015.0125 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Folic acid efficacy as an alternative drug added to sodium valproate in the treatment of acute phase of mania in bipolar disorder: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Behzadi, A. H., Omrani, Z., Chalian, M., Asadi, S., & Ghadiri, M. (2009) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01368.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Evaluating the Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Augmentation on Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial
Mehrpooya, M., Yasrebifar, F., Haghighi, M., Mohammadi, Y., & Jahangard, L. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000938 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Aspirin and N-Acetylcysteine as Adjunctive Treatments for Bipolar Depression
Bauer, I. E., Green, C., Colpo, G. D., Teixeira, A. L., Selvaraj, S., Durkin, K., Zunta‐Soares, G. B., & Soares, J. C. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.18m12200 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Altered polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in relation to proinflammatory cytokines, fatty acid desaturase genotype, and diet in bipolar disorder
Koga, N., Ogura, J., Yoshida, F., Hattori, K., Hori, H., Aizawa, E., Ishida, I., & Kunugi, H. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0536-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Dietary intake and plasma metabolomic analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in bipolar subjects reveal dysregulation of linoleic acid metabolism
Evans, S. J., Ringrose, R. N., Harrington, G. J., Mancuso, P., Burant, C., & McInnis, M. G. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers define biotypes of bipolar depression
Lee, Y. L., Mansur, R. B., Brietzke, E. M., Kapogiannis, D., Delgado‐Peraza, F., Boutilier, J. J., Chan, T. C. Y., Carmona, N. E., Rosenblat, J. D., Lee, J., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01051-y · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Elevated serum MDA and depleted non-enzymatic antioxidants, macro-minerals and trace elements are associated with bipolar disorder
Chowdhury, M. I., Hasan, M., Islam, M. S., Sarwar, M. S., Amin, M. N., Uddin, S. M. N., Rahaman, M. Z., Banik, S., Hussain, M. S., Yokota, K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.012 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial of creatine monohydrate as adjunctive treatment for bipolar depression
Toniolo, R. A., Silva, M., Fernandes, F. D. B. F., Amaral, J. A. D. M. S., Dias, R. D. S., & Lafer, B. (2018) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1817-5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment, With or Without Cytidine, Fails to Show Therapeutic Properties in Bipolar Disorder
Murphy, B. L., Stoll, A. L., Harris, P. Q., Ravichandran, C. T., Babb, S. M., Carlezon, W. A., & Cohen, B. M. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318266854c · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of adjunctive N-acetylcysteine on depressive symptoms: Modulation by baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
Porcu, M., Urbano, M. R., Verri, W. A., Jr., Barbosa, D. S., Baracat, M. M., Vargas, H. O., Machado, R. C. B. R., Pescim, R. R., & Nunes, S. O. V. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.056 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nutrition and Bipolar Depression
Beyer, J. L., & Payne, M. E. (2015) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.10.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Probiotic Treatment in Individuals with Euthymic Bipolar Disorder: A Pilot-Study on Clinical Changes and Compliance
Reininghaus, E. Z., Wetzlmair-Kephart, L.-C., Fellendorf, F. T., Platzer, M., Queissner, R., Birner, A., Pilz, R., Hamm, C., Maget, A., Rieger, A., et al. (2018) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000493867 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Pilot study of a lifestyle intervention for bipolar disorder: Nutrition exercise wellness treatment (NEW Tx)
Sylvia, L. G., Pegg, S. L., Dufour, S. C., JANOS, J. A., Bernstein, E. E., Chang, W. C., Hall, N. E., Ellard, K. K., Nierenberg, A. A., & Deckersbach, T. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.033 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acids decreased irritability of patients with bipolar disorder in an add-on, open label study
Sagduyu, K., Dokucu, M. E., Eddy, B. A., Craigen, G., Baldassano, C. F., & Yıldız, A. (2005) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-4-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cost effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of a group-based diet intervention for treating major depression—the HELFIMED trial
Segal, L., Twizeyemariya, A., Zarnowiecki, D., Niyonsenga, T., Bogomolova, S., Wilson, A., O’Dea, K., & Parletta, N. (2020) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2018.1556896 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Fats and Factors: Lipid Profiles Associate with Personality Factors and Suicidal History in Bipolar Subjects
Evans, S. J., Prossin, A. R., Harrington, G. J., Kamali, M., Ellingrod, V. L., Burant, C., & McInnis, M. G. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029297 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Low unesterified:esterified eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) plasma concentration ratio is associated with bipolar disorder episodes, and omega‐3 plasma concentrations are altered by treatment
Saunders, E. F. H., Reider, A., Singh, G., Gelenberg, A. J., & Rapoport, S. I. (2015) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12337 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Serum folate levels in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hsieh, Y.-C., Chou, L.-S., Lin, C.-H., Wu, H.-C., Li, D.-J., & Tseng, P.-T. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2269-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Food Craving, Appetite-Related Hormones and Clinical Parameters in Bipolar Disorder
Platzer, M., Fellendorf, F. T., Bengesser, S., Birner, A., Dalkner, N., Hamm, C., Lenger, M., Maget, A., Pilz, R., Queissner, R., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010076 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The serum concentration of copper in bipolar disorder
Siwek, M., Styczeń, K., Sowa-Kućma, M., Dudek, D., Reczyński, W., Szewczyk, B., Misztak, P., Opoka, W., Topór‐Mądry, R., Nowak, G., et al. (2016) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/65250 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Plasma levels of n-3 fatty acids in bipolar patients: Deficit restricted to DHA
Pomponi, M., Janiri, L., Torre, G. L., Stasio, E. D., Nicola, M. D., Mazza, M., Martinotti, G., Bria, P., Lippa, S., Natili, R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.004 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Nutritional Considerations in the Intensive Care Unit: Science, Rationale, and Practice
Russell, M. K. (2002) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0115426502017006379 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Diet quality and eating patterns in euthymic bipolar patients.
Łojko, D., Stelmach-Mardas, M., & Suwalska, A. (2019) · PubMed · doi:10.26355/eurrev_201902_17016 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Carnitine does not improve weight loss outcomes in valproate‐treated bipolar patients consuming an energy‐restricted, low‐fat diet
Elmslie, J. L., Porter, R., Joyce, P. R., Hunt, P. J., & Mann, J. I. (2006) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00345.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Association of plasma omega-3 and omega-6 lipids with burden of disease measures in bipolar subjects
Evans, S. J., Kamali, M., Prossin, A. R., Harrington, G. J., Ellingrod, V. L., McInnis, M. G., & Burant, C. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.07.016 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Coenzyme Q10 and neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders: relevance for schizophrenia
Maguire, Á., Hargreaves, A., & Gill, M. (2018) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2018.1556481 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
N‐acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment for bipolar depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Nery, F. G., Li, W., DelBello, M. P., & Welge, J. A. (2021) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.13039 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Depressive Symptoms: Difference by Gender, and Unipolar and Bipolar Depression
Noguchi, R., Hiraoka, M., Watanabe, Y., & Kagawa, Y. (2013) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.59.115 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Alterations in peripheral fatty acid composition in bipolar and unipolar depression
Scola, G., Versace, A., Metherel, A. H., Monsalve-Castro, L. A., Phillips, M. L., Bazinet, R. P., & Andreazza, A. C. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.025 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Effect of DHA Supplementation on Cognition in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Randomized Control Trial
Ciappolino, V., Delvecchio, G., Prunas, C., Andreella, A., Finos, L., Caletti, E., Siri, F. M., Mazzocchi, A., Botturi, A., Turolo, S., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030708 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
First-episode bipolar disorder is associated with erythrocyte membrane docosahexaenoic acid deficits: Dissociation from clinical response to lithium or quetiapine
McNamara, R. K., Jandacek, R. J., Tso, P., Blom, T. J., Welge, J. A., Strawn, J. R., Adler, C. M., DelBello, M. P., & Strakowski, S. M. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.035 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Inflammation, brain structure and cognition interrelations among individuals with differential risks for bipolar disorder
Lin, K., Shao, R., Wang, R., Lu, W., Zou, W., Chen, K., Gao, Y., Brietzke, E. M., McIntyre, R. S., Mansur, R. B., et al. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.010 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
A 52‐week prophylactic randomised control trial of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in bipolar disorder
McPhilemy, G., Byrne, F., Waldron, M., Hibbeln, J. R., Davis, J. M., McDonald, C., & Hallahan, B. P. (2020) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.13037 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
REVIEW OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DEPRESSION
Rakofsky, J. J., & Dunlop, B. W. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22220 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
L-Methylfolate For Bipolar I depressive episodes: An open trial proof-of-concept registry
Nierenberg, A. A., Montana, R. E., Kinrys, G., Deckersbach, T., Dufour, S. C., & Baek, J. H. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.053 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Heart Rate Variability and Omega-3 Index in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorders
Voggt, A., Berger, M., Obermeier, M., Löw, A., Seemüller, F., Riedel, M. J., Moeller, H. –., Zimmermann, R., Kirchberg, F. F., von Schacky, C., et al. (2014) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.11.010 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Parsing metabolic heterogeneity in mood disorders: A hypothesis‐driven cluster analysis of glucose and insulin abnormalities
Mansur, R. B., Lee, Y. L., Subramaniapillai, M., Cha, D. S., Brietzke, E. M., & McIntyre, R. S. (2019) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12826 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Diet quality, dietary inflammatory index and body mass index as predictors of response to adjunctive N -acetylcysteine and mitochondrial agents in adults with bipolar disorder: A sub-study of a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Ashton, M. M., Dean, O. M., Marx, W., Mohebbi, M., Berk, M., Malhi, G. S., Ng, C. H., Cotton, S., Dodd, S., Sarris, J. J., et al. (2019) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867419882497 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of inflammatory, nutrient, and neurohormonal indicators in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
Lyu, N., Xing, G., Yang, J., Zhu, X., Zhao, X., Zhang, L., & Wang, G. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.010 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Are “social drugs” (tobacco, coffee and chocolate) related to the bipolar spectrum?
Maremmani, I., Perugi, G., Rovai, L., Maremmani, A. G. I., Pacini, M., Canonico, P. L., Carbonato, P., Mencacci, C., Muscettola, G., Pani, L., et al. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.019 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effects of omega-3 supplement in the treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder
Alikhani, M., Shakeri, J., Khanegi, M., Golshani, S., Farnia, V., Tatari, F., Nooripour, R., & Ghezelbash, S. (2016) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/2008-7802.182734 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hypovitaminosis D in psychogeriatric inpatients
Lapid, M. I., Drake, M. T., Geske, J. R., et al. (2012) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0383-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Protein intake is associated with cognitive functioning in individuals with psychiatric disorders
Dickerson, F., Gennusa, J. V., Stallings, C. R., Origoni, A. E., Katsafanas, E., Sweeney, K., Campbell, W. W., & Yolken, R. H. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112700 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Trace elemental distribution in the scalp hair of bipolars using PIXE technique
Pradeep, A. S., Raju, G. J. N., Sattar, S. A., Sarita, P., Rao, A. D. P., Ray, D. K., Reddy, B. S., & Reddy, S. B. (2014) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.01.028 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bipolar disorder moderates associations between linoleic acid and markers of inflammation
Chang, Y.-W., Assari, S., Prossin, A. R., Stertz, L., McInnis, M. G., & Evans, S. J. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.021 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Examining redox modulation pathways in the post-mortem frontal cortex in patients with bipolar disorder through data mining of microRNA expression datasets
Kim, H. K., Tyryshkin, K., Elmi, N., Feilotter, H. E., & Andreazza, A. C. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.01.011 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Current Greek Diet and the Omega-6/Omega-3 Balance: The Mediterranean Diet Score Is Inversely Associated with the Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio
Panagiotakos, D. B., Kastorini, C.-M., Pitsavos, C., et al. (2011) · World review of nutrition and dietetics · doi:10.1159/000327791 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Impact of a prudent lifestyle on the clinical outcomes of older men with bipolar disorder
Almeida, O. P., Hankey, G. J., Yeap, B. B., & Flicker, L. A. (2018) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1553233 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Association between polygenic propensity for psychiatric disorders and nutrient intake
Hunjan, A. K., Hübel, C., Lin, Y., Eley, T. C., & Breen, G. D. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02469-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Plasma linoleic acid partially mediates the association of bipolar disorder on self-reported mental health scales
Evans, S. J., Assari, S., Harrington, G. J., Chang, Y.-W., Burant, C., & McInnis, M. G. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.06.001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Is bipolar disorder associated with premature aging?
Brietzke, E. M., Cerqueira, R. O., Soares, C. N., & Kapczinski, F. P. (2019) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0038 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Decreased Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder Normalizes after Zinc and Anti-oxidant Therapy
Russo, A. J. (2010) · Nutrition and Metabolic Insights · doi:10.4137/nmi.s5528 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The role of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mental disorders
Stelmach, E., Romanowski, M., & Olajossy, M. (2019) · Current Problems of Psychiatry · doi:10.2478/cpp-2019-0017 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging
Jomova, K., Raptova, R., Alomar, S. Y., Alwasel, S. H., Nepovimova, E., Kuca, K., & Valko, M. (2023) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9 · Cited by 2,638 · see citing works

Authors: Gabriel, F. C., Oliveira, M., Martella, B. D. M., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Jacka, F. N., & Lafer, B.
Affiliations: Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Deakin University (AU)
Queen's University (CA)
Barwon Health (AU)
Corresponding author: Gabriel, Fernanda C.
ORCID: Gabriel, Fernanda C.
Oliveira, Manoela
Bruna De M. Martella
Berk, Michael
Brietzke, Elisa
Jacka, Felice N.
Lafer, Beny
Venue: Nutritional Neuroscience
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2022-05-24
Volume: 26
Issue: 7
Pages: 637-651
ISSN: 1028-415X (ISSN-L)
1476-8305
DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2077031
OpenAlex: W4281397918
Cited by: 59
References: 121
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 3
FWCI: 2.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Nutritional Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: NIH
Cooperative Research Centre
Simons Autism Foundation
Cancer Council of Victoria
Stanley Medical Research Foundation
Medical Benefits Fund
National Health and Medical Research Council
Medical Research Futures Fund
Beyond Blue, Rotary Health
Meat and Livestock Board
Avant and the Harry Windsor Foundation
Abbot
Astra Zeneca
Janssen and Janssen
Lundbeck and Merck
Allergan
Bioadvantex
Bionomics
Collaborative Medicinal Development
Eisai
Pfizer and Servier
Queen’s University
Brain and Behaviour Research Institute
Australian Rotary Health
Geelong Medical Research Foundation
Ian Potter Foundation
University of Melbourne
Meat and Livestock Australia
Woolworths Limited
A2 Milk Company
Fernwood Foundation
Wilson Foundation
JTM Foundation
Serp Hills Foundation
Roberts Family Foundation
Waterloo Foundation
FASPESP
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: bipolar disorder, nutrition, dietary supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, micronutrients, folic acid, zinc, N-acetylcysteine, creatine, L-carnitine, vitamin D, myo-inositol, coenzyme Q10, probiotics, seafood, metabolic comorbidities, healthy eating
MeSH terms: Acetylcysteine, Bipolar Disorder, Diet, Humans, Vitamins, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Micronutrients

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Nutrition and bipolar disorder: a systematic review

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks