Gut microbial changes of patients with psychotic and affective disorders: A systematic review
Abstract
Background Many diverse inflammatory pathophysiologic mechanisms have been linked to mental disorders, and through the past decade an increasing interest in the gut microbiota and its relation to mental health has been arising. We aimed to systematically review studies of alterations in gut microbiota of patients suffering from psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder or depression compared to healthy controls.Methods We systematically searched the databases CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and LILACS. Primary outcome was to compare the gut microbiota of patients suffering from psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder or depression with healthy controls.Results We identified 17 studies, covering 744 patients and 620 healthy controls. The most consistent microbiota changes were a tendency towards higher abundance of Actinobacteria and lower abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level, lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae at family level and lower abundance of Faecalibacterium at genus level for the mental disorders overall. However, we found that all studies had risk of bias and that the included studies displayed great variability in methods of storage, analysis of the fecal samples, reporting of results and statistics used.Conclusion Due to the many limitations of the included studies the findings should be interpreted with caution. Larger studies (especially of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder) are needed, but it is also of great importance to gather information of and control for factors that influence the result of a microbiota analysis including body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, diet habits, antibiotics, sample handling, wet laboratory methods and statistics.
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A systematic review has revealed that patients with psychotic, bipolar and depressive disorders display altered abundances of microbial organisms in comparison to healthy controls.
“A systematic review has revealed that patients with psychotic, bipolar and depressive disorders display altered abundances of microbial organisms in comparison to HCs105.”
From Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health (2021) · cites this paper as [105]
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Quigley, E. M. M. (2017) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.09.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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McGuinness, A. J., Davis, J. A., Dawson, S. L., Loughman, A., Collier, F., O’Hely, M., Simpson, C. A., Green, J., Marx, W., Hair, C., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01456-3 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
The HPA axis dysregulation in severe mental illness: Can we shift the blame to gut microbiota?
Misiak, B., Łoniewski, I., Marlicz, W., Frydecka, D., Szulc, A., Rudzki, L., & Samochowiec, J. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109951 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health
Stogios, N., Gdanski, A., Gerretsen, P., Chintoh, A. F., Graff-Guerrero, A., Rajji, T. K., Remington, G., Hahn, M. K., & Agarwal, S. M. (2021) · npj Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00151-6 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Nutrition and bipolar disorder: a systematic review
Gabriel, F. C., Oliveira, M., Martella, B. D. M., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Jacka, F. N., & Lafer, B. (2023) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2022.2077031 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vindegaard, N., Speyer, H., Nordentoft, M., Rasmussen, S., & Benros, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Mental Health Services (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Benros, Michael Eriksen
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 234
- Pages
- 41-50
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2998867613
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden (R268-2016-3925)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14CC0001)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, psychosis
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Humans, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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