Comparative analysis of encephalization in mammals reveals relaxed constraints on anthropoid primate and cetacean brain scaling
Open accessAbstract
There is a well‐established allometric relationship between brain and body mass in mammals. Deviation of relatively increased brain size from this pattern appears to coincide with enhanced cognitive abilities. To examine whether there is a phylogenetic structure to such episodes of changes in encephalization across mammals, we used phylogenetic techniques to analyse brain mass, body mass and encephalization quotient (EQ) among 630 extant mammalian species. Among all mammals, anthropoid primates and odontocete cetaceans have significantly greater variance in EQ, suggesting that evolutionary constraints that result in a strict correlation between brain and body mass have independently become relaxed. Moreover, ancestral state reconstructions of absolute brain mass, body mass and EQ revealed patterns of increase and decrease in EQ within anthropoid primates and cetaceans. We propose both neutral drift and selective factors may have played a role in the evolution of brain–body allometry.
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The shift in brain:body allometry at the origin of crown cetaceans was largely due to changes in body mass development well after the move to aquatic habitats.
“suggests the shift in brain:body allometry at the origin of crown cetaceans was largely due to changes in body mass development well after the move to aquatic habitats (Manger 2006;Boddy et al. 2012).”
From THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF CETACEAN BRAIN AND BODY SIZE: CETACEAN BRAIN EVOLUTION (2013) · cites this paper as Boddy et al. 2012
The ‘EQ within Primates and Cetartiodactyla’ section reports that increased mysticete body mass contributed to a change in relative brain size, but it also reports that odontocete brain mass increased substantially while body mass decreased only slightly. The ‘Adaptive explanations for variation in brain size’ section places high odontocete encephalization at least 10 million years after the adoption of a fully aquatic lifestyle. These passages do not establish that a shift at the origin of crown cetaceans was largely due to body-mass changes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBrain:body allometry in cetaceans differs significantly from other mammals.
“This is of particular interest given evidence that brain:body allometry in cetaceans differs significantly from other mammals (Manger 2006;Boddy et al. 2012)”
From THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF CETACEAN BRAIN AND BODY SIZE: CETACEAN BRAIN EVOLUTION (2013) · cites this paper as Boddy et al. 2012
The finding that mosaic changes contribute more to explaining neural system diversity across species than changes in relative brain size confirms that the traditional focus on relative brain size significantly underestimates the contribution of different neural pathways to primate neural system diversity.
“The finding that mosaic changes contribute more to explaining neural system diversity across species than changes in relative brain size confirms that the traditional focus on relative brain size [2,41–43] significantly underestimates the contribution of different neural pathways to primate neural system diversity.”
From Brain reorganization, not relative brain size, primarily characterizes anthropoid brain evolution (2013) · cites this paper as [42]
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THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF CETACEAN BRAIN AND BODY SIZE: CETACEAN BRAIN EVOLUTION
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“Nonetheless, EQs continue to be used to compare mammalian taxa [e.g., Boddy et al., 2012], especially extinct ones [e.g., Grabowski et al. 2016; Benoit et al., 2019].”
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- Authors
- BODDY, A. M., McGOWEN, M. R., SHERWOOD, C. C., GROSSMAN, L. I., GOODMAN, M., & WILDMAN, D. E.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- BODDY, A. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Evolutionary Biology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-03-21
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 981-994
- ISSN
- 1010-061X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9101
- OpenAlex
- W2167626357
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 8.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Evolutionary Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0550209, 0827546)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Keywords
- encephalization, brain-body allometry, encephalization quotient, anthropoid primates, ancestral state reconstruction, relaxed selection, cognitive evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Brain, Cetacea, Cognition, Biological Evolution, Organ Size, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Time Factors, Databases, Factual
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