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Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native
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The question of genocide is never far from discussions of settler colonialism. Land is life—or, at least, land is necessary for life. Thus contests for land can be—indeed, often are—contests for li...
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64 Own interpretation · 30 Sources not found · 10 No basis given · 2 No full text of the sources · 1 Not checked yet
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“the factor that most antagonized the Georgia state government (with the at-least-tacit support of Andrew Jackson's federal administration) was not actually the recalcitrant savagery of which Indians were routinely accused, but the Cherokee's unmistakable aptitude for civilization.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Throughout this process, reformers' justifications for it (saving the Indian from the tribe, giving him the same opportunities as the White man, etc.) repeatedly included the express intention to destroy the tribe in whole.60”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [60] 60. Statistical Abstract of the United States (Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, 1955), p 180.
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“In the half-century from 1881, the total acreage held by Indians in the United States fell by two thirds, from just over 155 million acres to just over 52 million.59”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [59] 59. John R. Wunder, "Retained by the People": A History of American Indians and the Bill of Rights (New York: Oxford U.P. 1994), pp 17, 39.
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“At the height of the Dawes-era assimilation programme, for instance, in the decade after Richard Pratt penned his Denver paper, Indian numbers hit the lowest level they would ever register.50”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50] 50. "In 1998-2000, life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples was shorter by 21 years for males and 20 years for females, compared with the total population . . . In 1998-2000, the death rate for Indi- genous infants was around four times the rate in the total population." Australian Bureau of Statistics, Aus- tralian Social Trends: Health-Mortality and Morbidity: Mortality of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2002), p 1. See also: House of Representatives Standing Committee on Family and Community Affairs, Health i
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“The centrepiece of this campaign was the allotment programme, first generalized as Indian policy in the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 and subsequently intensified and extended, whereby tribal land was to be broken down into individual allotments whose proprietors could eventually sell them to White people.58”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [58] 58. Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 US 1903, p 553. SETTLER COLONIALISM
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“The first major expression of this shift was the discontinuation of treaty-making, which came about in 1871.55”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [55] 55. "No Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be acknowledged or recognized as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty." 16 Stat., 566 (Act of March 3, 1871), c 120, s
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“As practised by Europeans, both genocide and settler colonialism have typically employed the organizing grammar of race.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In settlercolonial terms, this enables a population to be expanded by continuing immigration at the expense of native lands and livelihoods.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Though a thoroughgoing diminution of native entitlement was axiomatic to discovery, the discourse was primarily addressed to relations between European sovereigns rather than to relations between Europeans and natives.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17] 17. As Mr Justice Johnson put it in his concurrence with Chief Justice Marshall's judgment in Cherokee v. Georgia, "The hunter state bore within itself the promise of vacating the territory, because when game ceased, the hunter would go elsewhere to seek it. But a more fixed state of society would amount to a permanent destruction of the hope, and, of consequence, of the beneficial character of the pre-emptive right." Cherokee v. Georgia, 30 US (5 Peters) 1, 1831, p 23. 20 The judgments most often cited in this connection are Worcester v. Georgia, 31 US (6 Peters) 515, 1832, Crow Dog, 109 US 5
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“As observed, the logic of elimination continues into the present.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“They had become successful agriculturalists on the White model, with a number of them owning substantial holdings of Black slaves, and they had introduced a written national constitution that bore more than a passing resemblance to the US one.41”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] 41. Ross-the successful self-made Cherokee entrepreneur-was really what white Georgians feared. Their biggest obstacle to acquiring the Cherokee lands was the cultivator's plow and overseer's whip-not PATRICK WOLFE the war club, bow, and scalping knife." Sean M. O'Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson's Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Westport, CT: Praeger 2003), p 229. For the Constitution of the Cherokee Nation, see the Cherokee Phoenix, February 28, 1828.
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“Even in contemporary, post-Native Title Australia, Aboriginal life expectancy clings to a level some 25% below that enjoyed by mainstream society, with infant mortality rates that are even worse.51”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [51] 51. Neil Thomson, "Trends in Aboriginal infant mortality," in Alan Gray, ed., A Matter of Life and Death: Contemporary Aboriginal Infant Mortality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1990), pp 1-8.
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“In the end, though, the western frontier met the one moving back in from the Pacific, and there was simply no space left for removal.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“As homesteaders, by contrast, the Choctaw who stayed became individual proprietors, each to his own, of separately allotted fragments of what had previously been the tribal estate, theirs to sell to White people if they chose to.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Rwanda and Burundi are colonial creations-not only so far as the obvious factor of their geographical borders is concerned, but, more intimately, in the very racial boundaries that marked and reproduced the Hutu/Tutsi division.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [37] 37. Robert Melson, "Modern genocide in Rwanda: ideology, revolution, war, and mass murder in an African state," in Gellately and Kiernan, The Specter of Genocide, pp 325-338, at p 326.
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“All these strategies, including frontier homicide, are characteristic of settler colonialism.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In addition to its objective economic centrality to the project, agriculture, with its life-sustaining connectedness to land, is a potent symbol of settler-colonial identity.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Preemption sanctioned European priority but not Indigenous freedom of choice.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“the occasions on or the extent to which settler colonialism conduces to genocide are not a matter of the presence or absence of the formal apparatus of the state.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“In its positive aspect, the logic of elimination marks a return whereby the native repressed continues to structure settler-colonial society.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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In the paper
“I contend that, though the two have converged-which is to say, the settler-colonial logic of elimination has manifested as genocidal-they should be distinguished.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In sum, then, settler colonialism is an inclusive, land-centred project that coordinates a comprehensive range of agencies, from the metropolitan centre to the frontier encampment, with a view to eliminating Indigenous societies.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Agriculture not only supports the other sectors.It is inherently sedentary and, therefore, permanent.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“Accordingly, settler-colonial discourse is resolutely impervious to glaring inconsistencies such as sedentary natives or the fact that the settlers themselves have come from somewhere else.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“The American right to buy always superseded the Indian right not to sell.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21] 21. Grant Foreman, Indian Removal (Norman, OK: Oklahoma U.P. 1932). SETTLER COLONIALISM
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In the paper
“Settler colonialism is inherently eliminatory but not invariably genocidal.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“As opposed to enslaved people, whose reproduction augmented their owners' wealth, Indigenous people obstructed settlers' access to land, so their increase was counterproductive.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“It is both as complex social formation and as continuity through time that I term settler colonization a structure rather than an event”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“settler colonizers come to stay: invasion is a structure not an event.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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In the paper
“In the event, Indigenous people are either rendered dependent on the introduced economy or reduced to the stock-raids that provide the classic pretext for colonial death-squads.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Aborigines were accorded no rights to their territory, informal variants on the theme of terra nullius being taken for granted in settler culture.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“For various reasons, these removals, which turned eastern tribes into proxy invaders of Indian territory across the Mississippi, were a crude and unsatisfactory form of elimination.In particular, they were temporary, it being only a matter of time before the frontier rabble caught up with them.53”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [53] 53. This was the reality behind the mushrooming frontier demographies. "In the decade before 1820, the popu- lation of the new state of Alabama increased by a startling 1,000 per cent." O'Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears, p 221. For an illuminating catalogue of Creek responses to this invasion, see Richard S. Lackey, comp., Frontier Claims in the Lower South. Records of Claims Filed by Citizens of the Alabama and Tom- bigbee River Settlements in the Mississippi Territory for Depradations by the Creek Indians During the War of 1812 (New Orleans: Polyanthos 1977).
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“Mass murders are not the same thing as genocide, though the one action can be both.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Tribal land was tribally owned-tribes and private property did not mix.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“On emancipation, Blacks became surplus to some requirements and, to that extent, more like Indians.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Thus the key factor in colonial and 'post'-colonial race relations is not, as some have argued, simple demographic numbers, since populations have to be differentiated before they can be counted. Difference, it cannot be stressed enough, is not simply given. It is the outcome of differentiation, which is an intensely conflictual process.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wolfe, 'Land, labor, and difference: elementary structures of race,' American Historical Review, Vol 106, 2001, pp 865-905, at p 894.
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“In the first place, it shows us that settler colonialism is an indicator.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“My reason for not favouring the term is that it confuses definition with degree.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“The US parallel is significant because, unlike the South African case, the formal apparatus of oppression (slavery) was overcome but Whites remained in power.76”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [76] 76. Ward Churchill, Indians Are Us? Culture and Genocide in Native North America (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press 1994).
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“Colin Tatz has argued, conclusively in my view, that, while Turkish behaviour in Armenia, Nazi behaviour in Europe, and Australian behaviour towards Aborigines (among other examples) constitute genocide, the apartheid regime in South Africa does not.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“Richard Pratt and Phillip Sheridan were both practitioners of genocide.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the strike on the World Trade Center is an example of mass murder but not, in my view, of genocide.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48] 48. Henry G. Liddell and Robert Scott, Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon 1869), pp 314, 426. Cf. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, p 79.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In both cases, the genocide tribunal is the wrong court.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, as Palestinians become more and more dispensable, Gaza and the West Bank become less and less like Bantustans and more and more like reservations (or, for that matter, like the Warsaw Ghetto).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Apartheid also relied on sequestration.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without the tribe, though, for all practical purposes they were no longer Indians (this is the citizenship part).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Apart from its contrivance, this analogy fails because the Nazi racialization of Jews did not conduce to their assimilation.Rather, the reverse was the case.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Notes and References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gellately
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A drive to replace Palestinian labour with cheap immigrant labour was begun in the early 1990s in response to the first Intifada. Though this policy was officially abandoned as it generated its own problems, around 8% of Israel's population continues to be made up of illegal immigrants (who are, by definition, non-Jewish).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Amir
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Definitionally, in other words, as in the case of other patterned or cumulative phenomena, genocide can obtain retrospectively.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
In some settler-colonial sites such as Fiji, native society was able to accommodate the invaders and the transformative socioeconomic system they introduced.
“In some settler-colonial sites (one thinks, for instance, of Fiji), native society was able to accommodate-though hardly unscathed-the invaders and the transformative socioeconomic system that they introduced.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Land is necessary for life.
“Land is life-or, at least, land is necessary for life.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Settler colonialism always needs more land.
“Of itself, however, modernity cannot explain the insatiable dynamic whereby settler colonialism always needs more land.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Settler colonialism is a specific social formation whose specificity should be retained.
“As stated at the outset, settler colonialism is a specific social formation and it is desirable to retain that specificity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Settler colonialism persists over extended periods of time.
“Since settler colonialism persists over extended periods of time, structural genocide should be easier to interrupt than short-term genocides.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The rule of law is ideologically central to the cohesion of settler society.
“since it does not involve such a disruptive affront to the rule of law that is ideologically central to the cohesion of settler society.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Apartheid also relied on sequestration.
“There again, apartheid also relied on sequestration.”
The paper relies on this without support.
As valuable commodities, slaves had only been destroyed in extremis.
“As valuable commodities, slaves had only been destroyed in extremis.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Porous borders do not offer a way out.
“Porous borders do not offer a way out.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“I use ' settlerhumanitarianism ' to emphasize how liberal interventions inspired by sympathy for Indigenous suffering are aligned with settler-colonialism ' s enduring goal of eliminating Indigenous peoples in order to control and exploit their territory (Wolfe 2006).”
From Settler-Humanitarianism: Healing the Indigenous Child-Victim (2017) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, standards-heavy science education in the U.S. participates in, and is a re fl ection of, U.S. settler colonialism (Calderón, 2014a), as the displacement and elimination of indigenous knowledges from the curriculum mimics how (mostly) European settlers permanently moved into territories for economic gain, while displacing, dispossessing, and enslaving indigenous peoples (Wolfe, 2006).”
From Creating third spaces in K-12 socio-environmental education through indigenous languages: a case study (2024) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“methods included westward removal of Native communities to enable settler territorial expansion as well as ethnocidal settler governmental policy illegitimizing and illegalizing Native cultures and subsequent forced assimilation of Native peoples into Anglo lifestyles-and the settler economy, and the general imposition of settler governmental powers over Native individuals and Native Nations”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“genocide was key among the mechanisms of usurping Native populations of their resources and legal-political powers in the Americas”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The nature of the settler colonial society, regardless of where it is imposed, is defined by the divestiture of the political, governmental, economic powers of the colonized (Indigenous) population toward the benefit and supremacy of the settler population”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Dominant representations of”
From Review of Network Sovereignty: Building the Internet Across Indian Country, Marisa Elena Duarte (2019) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“I use the formulation of ' settlerhumanitarianism ' to express how liberal interventions of care and protection, intended to ameliorate Indigenous suffering, align with settler-colonialism ' s enduring goal of Indigenous elimination (Wolfe 2006).”
From Settler-Humanitarianism: Healing the Indigenous Child-Victim (2017) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The colonial logics of elimination that materialized security theology in Palestine are evinced in other settler colonial contexts (Wolfe, 2006), such as in the United States where curriculums of fear are framed as epistemological tools for reinforcing settler rights to Indigenous lands via statesponsored educational and genocidal projects (Nguyen, 2016).”
From Entwined Complicities: Genocidal Geographies of the Youth Carceral State and Arrivals to Educational Abolitionism (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As Wolfe (2006) famously argued, colonialism is not an event, but a structure of settler societies.”
From Decolonizing prisons: Indigenized programming and a critique of critical prison studies (2023) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Wolfe (2006) points out that settler colonialism acts as an enduring structure, not an event, meaning it is not a historical moment of conquest but an ongoing form of occupation through the enduring social, political, and economic structures built by invading people (Grimwood and Johnson 2019;Kauanui 2016;Tuck and Yang 2012;Wolfe 2006).”
From Unsettling Archaeology (2020) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These macro-level social frames are informed by a logic of elimination (Wolfe 2006), which seeks to erase Indigenous Peoples and their rightful claims to land, political sovereignty, and cultural alterity.”
From Archaeology and Social Justice in Native America (2022) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
In the citing paper
“Indigenizing healthcare by increasing numbers of Indigenous healthcare providers makes sense and it has been a focus of the Canadian governments and universities in order to improve healthcare and, ultimately, the health of First Nations [72].”
From Confronting Racism within the Canadian Healthcare System: Systemic Exclusion of First Nations from Quality and Consistent Care (2020) · cites this paper as [72]
Citations
Cites
How Did Colonialism Dispossess? Comments from an Edge of Empire
Harris, C. (2004) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.09401009.x · Cited by 457
American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492
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Research works printed but not linked: 23
- [1]1. Rose, Hidden Histories: Black Stories from Victoria River Downs, Humbert River and Wave Hill Stations (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1991), p 46. ne, destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group; the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the oppressor. This imposition, in turn, may be made upon the oppressed population which is allowed to remain, or upon the territory alone, after removal of the population and colonization of the area by the oppressor's own nationals." Raphae ¨l Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress (New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1944), p 79.
- [3]3. Theodor Herzl, Old-New Land [Altneuland, 1902], Lotta Levensohn, trans. (New York: M. Wiener 1941), p 38.
- [13]13. Robert A. Williams, Jr., The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest (Oxford: Oxford U.P. 1990), esp. pp 233-286.
- [14]14. This observation unites almost all commentators, whatever their political inclination. Cf. e.g. Anthony Anghie, "Finding the peripheries: sovereignty and colonialism in nineteenth-century international law," Harvard International Law Journal, Vol 40, 1999, pp 1-80, at p 69;
- [19]19. The classic accounts from a well-established literature include: Annie H. Abel, "The history of events resulting in Indian consolidation west of the Mississippi River," in American Historical Association Annual Report for 1906, 2 vols (Washington, DC: American Historical Association 1906), Vol 2, pp 233 - 450;
- [25]25. For discussion of Olney's "tide of history" concept, see Jackie Delpero, "'The tide of history': Australian native title discourse in global context," MA thesis, Victoria University, Australia, 2003;
- [26]26. David Rittter, "The judgement of the world: the Yorta Yorta case and the "tide of history,'" Australian Historical Studies, Vol 123, 2004, pp 106-121.
- [29]29. n order to justify the inclusion of the Negev in the future Jewish state, eleven new kibbutzim were simul- taneously installed in that desert region on October 6th, 1946, in addition to the ten settlements already established there during the War for the same purpose." Nathan Weinstock, Zionism, False Messiah, Alan Adler, trans. (London: Ink Links 1979), p 249.
- [32]32. Enzo Traverso, The Origins of Nazi Violence, Janet Lloyd, trans. (New York: New Press 2003);
- [35]35. Israel is also, of course, a partial exception here, though not so substantial an exception as is asserted by those who claim that Israel cannot be a colonial formation because it lacks a single commissioning metro- polis. From the outset, the Yishuv co-opted Ottoman, British and US imperialism to its own advantage, a reciprocated opportunism involving what Maxime Rodinson neatly glossed as "the collective mother country." Rodinson, Israel. A Settler-Colonial State? David Thorstad, trans. (New York: Monad 1973), p 76.
- [39]39. "For the provisions serving to the support of humane life, produced by one acre of inclosed and cultivated land, are (to speak much within compasse) ten times more, than those, which are yeilded [sic] by an acre of Land, of an equal richnesse, lyeing wast in common." John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P. 1963 [1698]), p 312.
- [40]40. The new Jew is an enduring Zionist theme. In introducing his terrorist memoir, future Israeli prime minister Menachim Begin announced that, in addition to his Jewish readers, he had also written the book for gentiles: "lest they be unwilling to realise, or all too ready to overlook, the fact that out of blood and fire and tears and ashes a new specimen of human being was born, a specimen completely unknown to the world for over eighteen hundred years, 'the FIGHTING JEW'." Begin, The Revolt, Samuel Katz, trans. (London: W.H. Allen 1979), p xxv, capitals in original. For a more recent diasporan example, see, for instance, the Adi Nes photograph used as publicity for the Jewish Museum of New York's 1998-1999 "After Rabin: new art from Israel" show, at www.thejewishmuseum.org/site/pages/content/exhibitions/special/rabin/rabin_zoom/rabinL1.html 41 "
- [48]48. Henry G. Liddell and Robert Scott, Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon 1869), pp 314, 426. Cf. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, p 79.
- [51]51. Neil Thomson, "Trends in Aboriginal infant mortality," in Alan Gray, ed., A Matter of Life and Death: Contemporary Aboriginal Infant Mortality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1990), pp 1-8.
- [61]61. See e.g. Frederick E. Hoxie, A Final Promise. The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880-1920 (Cambridge: Nebraska U.P. 1989); Prucha, Americanizing the American Indians, passim.
- [63]63. "Thus the key factor in colonial and 'post'-colonial race relations is not, as some have argued, simple demographic numbers, since populations have to be differentiated before they can be counted. Difference, it cannot be stressed enough, is not simply given. It is the outcome of differentiation, which is an intensely conflictual process." Patrick Wolfe, "Land, labor, and difference: elementary structures of race," American Historical Review, Vol 106, 2001, pp 865-905, at p 894.
- [68]68. Wolfe, "Nation and miscegeNation," p 111; Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology, p 180. Scholars who have made this point after me are too numerous to mention. Among those who made it before I did, see e.g. Jeremy Beckett, "The past in the present, the present in the past: constructing a national Aboriginality," in his, ed., Past and Present: The Construction of Aboriginality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1988), pp 191-217;
- [71]71. Evans and Thorpe, "The massacre of Aboriginal history," Overland, Vol 163, 2001, pp 21 -39, at p 36.
- [73]73. Robert K. Hitchcock and Tara M. Twedt, "Physical and cultural genocide of various Indigenous peoples," in Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny, eds, Genocide in the Twentieth Century (New York: Garland Press 1995), pp 483 -514, at pp 498-501. For "politicide" ("a process that covers a wide range of social, political, and military activities whose goal is to destroy the political and national viability of a whole community of people"), see Baruch Kimmerling, Politicide. Ariel Sharon's War Against the Palestinians (rev. ed., London: Verso 2006).
- [76]76. Ward Churchill, Indians Are Us? Culture and Genocide in Native North America (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press 1994).
- [80]80. A drive to replace Palestinian labour with cheap immigrant labour was begun in the early 1990s in response to the first Intifada. Though this policy was officially abandoned as it generated its own problems, around 8% of Israel's population continues to be made up of illegal immigrants (who are, by definition, non-Jewish). See Shmuel Amir, "Overseas foreign workers in Israel: policy aims and labor market outcomes," International Migration Review, Vol 36, 2002, pp 41-58;
- [81]81. Eric Beachemin, "Illegal in Israel," Radio Netherlands broadcast, September 15, 2004, at http://www2.rnw.nl/rnw/en/features/humanrights/tornlives/ilegalinisrael?view ¼ Standard; Leila Farsakh, "An occupation that creates children willing to die. Israel: an apartheid state?," Monde Diplomatique, English language edition, November 4, 2003, at http://mondediplo.com/2003/11/ 04apartheid
- [85]85. Joel Williamson, The Crucible of Race: Black-White Relations in the American South Since Eman- cipation (Oxford: Oxford U.P. 1984), pp 180-223.
Cited by
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Items 2,101–2,200 of 6,388
Hunt, S. (2025) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2025.2510701 · Cited by 4
“This stands in contrast to Harris ’ s assertion that colonialism centered exclusively on the racial dichotomy of civilization and savagery, a view that remains central to literature on settler colonial dispossession (e.g., Wolfe 2006).”
Howard, D., Norris, A. N., & Tauri, J. (2025) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2025.2524594 · Cited by 3
Disaster colonialism: indigenous tribal community responses to Typhoon Morakot in southern Taiwan
Lin, H., & Taiban, S. (2025) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/disa.70004 · Cited by 4
Huberman, B. (2025) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.70063 · Cited by 3
Palestinian higher education: resistance to settler colonialism in the face of erasure
Al-Botmeh, S. (2025) · Globalisation Societies and Education · doi:10.1080/14767724.2025.2544314 · Cited by 3
“(Wolfe 2006, 390) Within the Palestinian context, scholars have theorised the structural processes of elimination in two related forms: sociocide and scholasticide.”
InfluentialJacob, M. M., Sabzalian, L., Muniz, H. R., Dunbar, R. J., Kliever, H., Hatch, S., Butler-Hooton, N., Brooks, S., & Morris, A. L. (2025) · International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology · doi:10.1186/s41257-025-00138-6 · Cited by 6
“As a structure, settler colonialism has focused on the removal of Indigenous peoples from their homelands and establishing settler claims to Indigenous territories (Tuck and Yang 2012; Wolfe 2006).”
Dennison, J., & Designs, W. (2024) · University of North Carolina Press eBooks · doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469676975.001.0001 · Cited by 3
Alshihabi, N., & Federman, P. S. (2025) · Administrative Theory & Praxis · doi:10.1080/10841806.2025.2547123 · Cited by 3
“Typically, this occurs through assimilative programs that are supposed to promote the well-being and prosperity of the Indigenous population, but the ulterior motive is to control and erase Indigenous ways of life (Maddison, 2013; Wolfe, 2006).”
InfluentialThe Formation and Transformation of Medical Apartheid in Palestine: A Historical Examination
Tanous, O., Asi, Y., Wispelwey, B. P., Mills, D. E., Hammoudeh, W., & Muhareb, R. (2025) · International Journal of Social Determinants of Health and Health Services · doi:10.1177/27551938251380186 · Cited by 4
“55 Settlers in what became the settler colonial states of the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel traveled with their sovereignty, seeking not to integrate within an existing society like migrants or refugees but to establish a new, distinct polity.”
Allard‐Tremblay, Y. (2025) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-025-02408-7 · Cited by 3
The Fiscal Politics of Settler Colonialism
Willmott, K. (2025) · Annual Review of Law and Social Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-061824-080455 · Cited by 3
Kim, T., & Ishimaru, A. M. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/09518398.2025.2572466 · Cited by 3
A Narrative Portrait of Critical Indigenous Consciousness within Culturally-Based Education
Clark, S. (2025) · American Journal of Qualitative Research · doi:10.29333/ajqr/17323 · Cited by 5
Colonizing emotions: Death and sociopoliticide in a besieged society
Sabbagh‐Khoury, A. (2025) · Critical Sociology · doi:10.1177/08969205251380595 · Cited by 3
“The displacement, subjugation, and, in extreme cases, extermination of indigenous populations form part of a broader strategy aimed at the permanent destabilization and eventual erasure of Indigenous presence from lands targeted for colonization (Sabbagh-Khoury, 2022d; Wolfe, 2006).”
Temporal ruination: Scarcity, entrapment, and the affective intensities of time in Gaza
Dader, K. (2025) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758251407082 · Cited by 3
Mishirqi-Assad, Q., & Kedar, A. (. (2025) · Environment and Planning C Politics and Space · doi:10.1177/23996544251383329 · Cited by 3
“The local population may be dispossessed by massive cleansing, but since territory is the settlers ’ main objective, they have other courses of action (Wolfe, 2006).”
InfluentialAlgorithmic Death-World: Artificial Intelligence and the Case of Palestine
Fathallah, S. (2026) · Public humanities. · doi:10.1017/pub.2025.10113 · Cited by 3
Epistemic exclusion in higher Education: navigating racialised gatekeeping in Australia
Chowdhury, R., Subban, P., & Chakma, U. (2026) · Whiteness and Education · doi:10.1080/23793406.2026.2630315 · Cited by 5
Savage natures: Police and the wolf
McClanahan, B., & Wall, T. (2026) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/13624806251401581 · Cited by 3
Fossil fascism: the supreme form of climate obstruction?
Conversi, D., Karkour, H. L., & Enguer, J. (2026) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2026.2665720 · Cited by 4
“In this sense, fossil fascism extends the “logic of elimination” of Indigenous peoples, cultures, and lands, as articulated by settler colonialism (Wolfe 2006), to defend the use of fossil fuels in ways reminiscent of settler societies.”
Reparations and Redress for Historical Injustice
Waligore, T. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009184281 · Cited by 3
“The Unkillable Mother”: Sovereignty and Survivance in Louise Erdrich's The Round House
Carden, M. P. (2018) · Studies in American Indian Literatures · doi:10.5250/studamerindilite.30.1.0094 · Cited by 3
Sovereign Futures in Neshnabé Speculative Fiction
Topash‐Caldwell, B. K. (2020) · Borderlands Journal · doi:10.21307/borderlands-2020-009 · Cited by 3
“…(Whyte, In Press), and ‘temporal sovereignty’ (Rifkin, 2017) illustrate the specific violences experienced by Indigenous peoples through structures of settler colonialism (Povinelli, 2002; Wolfe, 2006), but in doing so illuminate new spaces of resistance, reimagining and reclaiming space.”
BackgroundJafri, B. (2021) · GLQ A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies · doi:10.1215/10642684-9316852 · Cited by 3
“If settler colonialism functions through what Patrick Wolfe (2006: 387) has termed a “logic of elimination,” then suicide — produced through colonial state policies (which create conditions of impoverishment and scarcity for Indigenous peoples) — furthers that logic.”
BackgroundTransitional Justice in Palestine/Israel: Whose Justice? Which Transition?
Khoury, N. (2021) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.113.g · Cited by 3
Indigenous Mobilities in Diaspora. Literacies of Spatial Tense
Baquedano‐López, P., & Gong, N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83317-6_2 · Cited by 3
Landscapes of forgetting and structural silence in the American Southeast
Cobb, C. R. (2022) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13697 · Cited by 3
Mushynsky, J., McKinnon, J. F., Cabrera, G., & Tudela, H. (2022) · AlterNative An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples · doi:10.1177/11771801221084123 · Cited by 3
“Archeologists no longer view colonization as a single event but rather a process or a structure that endures into the present (Hayes & Cipolla, 2015; Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundPor uma história da linguagem da Cerâmica Paulista
Noelli, F. S., & Sallum, M. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica · doi:10.26512/rbla.v13i01.40664 · Cited by 4
Ramjewan, N. T., & Gaztambide‐Fernández, R. (2015) · Curriculum Inquiry · doi:10.1080/03626784.2015.1076127 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, as Wolfe (2006) reminds us, race is constructed “in the targeting” (p. 388) of bodies of colour in the spaces they occupy for the sake of vanquishing them from spaces that are confluent with race.”
BackgroundInfluentialMinguzzi, M., Navarro, Y. H., & Vosloo, L. (2022) · Proceedings HERITAGE 2022 - International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability · doi:10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15019 · Cited by 3
Testimonios of teaching from four Latina first-year teachers
Sosa, T. (2022) · Race Ethnicity and Education · doi:10.1080/13613324.2022.2154332 · Cited by 3
“Colonialism, however, has long been recognized as a deeply seated structure (Wolfe 2006), not an event, which brings understanding to how we continue to stay in a place of inequality and injustice despite reforms, changes, initiatives, etc. Recognizing colonial structure requires, for example,…”
Disrupting the Colonizing Gaze and Mobilizing for Systemic Decolonization
Tsang, H. L. J., & Eizadirad, A. (2023) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82976-6_38-1 · Cited by 3
(Hash)tagging intersection(ality): Black and Palestinian experiences on Twitter
Edwards, E. L., & Stephens, D. F. (2023) · Communication Culture and Critique · doi:10.1093/ccc/tcad013 · Cited by 3
Settler cities in the Dutch Indies: Race, class and the emergence of settler colonialism
Fakih, F. (2023) · Journal of Southeast Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/s002246342300022x · Cited by 3
Christianity, settler colonialism, and resource extraction
Pranger, J. H. (2023) · Dialog · doi:10.1111/dial.12799 · Cited by 4
Gleason, S., Lim, J. S., Church, L. M., Jones, W., Nicolai, C., Pleasant, J., Church, W., Watterson, A., Strunk, L. A., Knecht, R. A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmad030 · Cited by 4
“Here, we remember that colonialism is a system rather than an event (Tuck & Yang, 2012; Veracini, 2011; Wolfe, 2006) and that digital colonialism reproduces erasure through inaccessible technologies that are impossible to use in local contexts (Carroll et al., 2020; Gupta et al., 2023; Klehm, 2023;…”
BackgroundIndigeneity, Autochthony, and Belonging
Verbuyst, R. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003293460-12 · Cited by 3
Dusinberre, M. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009346535 · Cited by 2
Schwake, G., & Yacobi, H. (2023) · Environment and Planning C Politics and Space · doi:10.1177/23996544231208198 · Cited by 3
“…2017; Porter and Yiftachel, 2019; Tomiak, 2017), settler-colonialism is “ a land-centred project ” based on the struggle over the “ access to territory ” (Wolfe, 2006: 388 – 393), which leads the colonisers to systematically eradicate the indigenous population, physically as well as symbolically.”
Lezak, S. (2023) · Progress in Environmental Geography · doi:10.1177/27539687231212222 · Cited by 4
“The ontological fi ssure of life and territory became a near-prerequisite for this particular mode of conquest that shaped much of the contemporary world (Wolfe 2006, 387).”
BackgroundPostcolonial Theory and its application to the Post-Soviet States
Telenko, O. M., & Курбет, О. (2023) · Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni · doi:10.15407/ingedu2023.56.255 · Cited by 3
Looping effects, settler colonialism, and the indigenous child removal system
Spencer, D. C., & Sinclair, R. (2024) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2024.2323050 · Cited by 3
“These two systems share a settler colonial logic aimed at removing Indigenous children and transforming them into settler subjects and erasing their connection to the land (Wolfe 2006).”
Normalization and the Erasure of Palestine: Ideology and Myth in Arab Drama Series
Labidi, I. B. (2024) · Middle East Critique · doi:10.1080/19436149.2024.2333135 · Cited by 3
“In his analysis of the genocidal roots of settler-colonialism, Patrick Wolfe cites “one time deputy-mayor of West Jerusalem Meron Benvenisti [who] recalled, ‘As a member of a pioneering youth movement, I myself ‘made the desert bloom’ by uprooting the ancient olive trees of al-Bassa to clear the ground for a banana gr…”
InfluentialBacklash: The Primordial Response to (Teaching) Critical Race Theory and U.S. History
Wedderburn, N. (2023) · Dialogues in Social Justice An Adult Education Journal · doi:10.55370/dsj.v8i1.1480 · Cited by 4
Kassem, S. (2024) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isq/sqae051 · Cited by 3
Settler aesthetics—Theorizing and contesting settler colonialism through art practice
Malot, J. Z. (2024) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/gec3.12747 · Cited by 6
Aboriginal plant foods policy in Australia: a critical discourse analysis
McCartan, J., Brimblecombe, J. K., & Adams, K. (2024) · Critical Policy Studies · doi:10.1080/19460171.2024.2340647 · Cited by 3
“This reported imbalance is not unique to this industry; similar patterns of extractive consumption are seen for innumerable other goods and commodities from unceded, sovereign Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander lands (Veltmeyer 2022; Whyte 2018; Wolfe 2006).”
Barriers Experienced by First Nations Deaf People in the Justice System
Elder, B. C., Soldatić, K., Schwartz, M. A., Barney, J., Howard, D., & McGee, P. (2024) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/jdsade/enae021 · Cited by 3
“From the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), the central idea is that human rights are universal (i.e.,applying equally and without discrimination to every single human being on the planet); inherent (i.e., central to who you are as a h…”
BackgroundInfluentialYoorrook: truth telling in the Victorian Treaty process
Moore, K., Stanton, P. M., Fan, S. X., Rose, M., & Jones, M. (2024) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-05-2022-0104 · Cited by 3
“Reconciliation is Dead”: News Coverage of the Wet'suwet'en Land Defense
Budd, B. (2024) · Global political sociology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64758-1_6 · Cited by 3
Indigenous Religious Traditions and the Decolonial Turn in Religious Studies
Avalos, N. (2024) · Religious Studies Review · doi:10.1111/rsr.17251 · Cited by 4
Reckonings with truth: Sovereign truths on Country
Barolsky, V. E. (2024) · Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/14407833241266017 · Cited by 3
“Audra Simpson (2017) understands this refusal as a ‘ structure ’ which responds to the ‘ structure ’ of settler colonialism (Wolfe, 2006).”
Oh, Y. (2024) · Critical Asian Studies · doi:10.1080/14672715.2024.2397631 · Cited by 3
Beyond Compensation: Reparations and the Ongoing Colonization of Australia
Klein, E. (2024) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12853 · Cited by 3
Burns, J., Penny, D. J., Angelino, A. C., Tjoeng, Y. L., & Deen, J. F. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.08.009 · Cited by 4
Violences, displacements, and responses: exploring settler colonialism in North and Central America
Shlossberg, P., & Amaya, H. (2024) · Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies · doi:10.1080/17442222.2024.2385869 · Cited by 4
“(Castellanos 2017; Simpson 2014; Wolfe 2006) While the settler colonialism framework has not been applied as commonly in Latin American studies as elsewhere, the essays in this issue demonstrate the merit of utilizing this paradigm in shedding light on the multiple scales of violence, erasure, and…”
Jernigan, V. B. B., Maudrie, T. L., & Lopez, S. V. (2024) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-110657 · Cited by 4
Decolonising physical literacy for human and planetary well-being
Riley, K., & Delgado, L. (2024) · Australian Journal of Environmental Education · doi:10.1017/aee.2024.67 · Cited by 3
LaVoy-Brunette, S., & Bridges, D. C. (2024) · Speculum · doi:10.1086/733212 · Cited by 3
Noroña, M. B., & Aguinda, M. (2025) · Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies · doi:10.1080/17442222.2025.2461847 · Cited by 6
“As Patrick Wolfe indicates, structural elimination includes assimilation as one strategy to weaken and erase prior regimes without confronting the rule of law (2006).”
Indigenous Futurities in Curriculum
Kulago, H. A., Sabzalian, L., & Garcia, J. (2024) · Journal of Curriculum Theorizing · doi:10.63997/jct.v39i3.1203 · Cited by 3
Populism, ‘Empty Signifiers’ and Indigenous Resistance in Canada
Robertson, M. (2024) · Dialogue · doi:10.1017/s0012217325000034 · Cited by 3
Warren, J. L. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009384728 · Cited by 3
Flying into Frictioned Futures: Development of Canada’s Northernmost Runways
Schmid, K. (2025) · Anthropologica · doi:10.18357/anthropologica67120252702 · Cited by 3
Birth Rights and Wrongs: Reproductive Outsiders in Azar v. Garza and Madrigal v. Quilligan
Sariego, C. (2025) · Signs · doi:10.1086/732894 · Cited by 4
Learning settler colonialism in my K-12 education: A re-search counterstory
Zou, I. (2024) · Education for Information · doi:10.1177/01678329241300589 · Cited by 3
“This makes the elimination of Indigenous nations an “ organizing principle ” of our American settler society that persists in the present, rather than a one-time historical event (Wolfe, 2006, p. 388 ).”
Bhandar, B., & Goldberg‐Hiller, J. (2015) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822375739-001 · Cited by 3
Mo‘okū‘auhau versus Colonial Entitlement in English Translations of the Kumulipo
McDougall, B. N. (2015) · American Quarterly · doi:10.1353/aq.2015.0054 · Cited by 3
Vocal Ability and Musical Performances of Nuclear Damages in the Marshall Islands
Schwartz, J. A. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331444.013.37 · Cited by 3
A Dream Deterred: Palestine from Total War to Total Peace
Collins, J. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230306288_12 · Cited by 3
Fitting theZeitgeist: Jewish Territorialism and Geopolitics, 1934–1960
Almagor, L. (2018) · Contemporary European History · doi:10.1017/s0960777318000206 · Cited by 3
Doing Long Work: Critical Perspectives on Indigenous-Settler Collaboration in Canadian Art Music
Strachan, J., & Nickleson, P. (2018) · University of Toronto Quarterly · doi:10.3138/utq.87.4.10 · Cited by 3
van der Walle, J. (2019) · NEW Emerging scholars in Australian Indigenous Studies · doi:10.5130/nesais.v4i1.1521 · Cited by 3
“To further entrench the belief that Australia was unclaimed or as it was later legally termed, Terra Nullius, settler colonialism required the representation of Aboriginal people as nomadic and primitive, with no connection to the land and operating individually, without the need for communities (Wolfe 2006).”
Influentialホモナショナリズムとスポーツ・メガイベント バンクーバー2010から東京2020オリンピックまで
ヘザー, サ., めぐみ, 関., & 井谷, 聡. (2018) · スポーツとジェンダー研究 · doi:10.18967/sptgender.16.0_89 · Cited by 3
Decolonizing in Unexpected Places
Lopez, F. B., & Grande, S. (2019) · Cited by 3
Repatriating the Past: Removing the Border through Transnational History
Hundley, J. M. (2019) · Human Organization · doi:10.17730/0018-7259.78.4.298 · Cited by 3
Reading Hawaiian Shakespeare: Indigenous Residue Haunting Settler Colonial Racism
Yim, L. L. (2019) · Journal of American Studies · doi:10.1017/s0021875819001993 · Cited by 3
Ciccariello‐Maher, G. (2020) · South Atlantic Quarterly · doi:10.1215/00382876-8007689 · Cited by 3
Bachman, J. S. (2020) · Genocide Studies and Prevention · doi:10.5038/1911-9933.14.1.1706 · Cited by 3
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Sustainable Development Goals
Nastasi, B. K., & Naser, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607.016 · Cited by 4
Colonial Choreography: How the British Administration Shaped Dance Heritage in Kenya
Kiiru, K. (2018) · Africae eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.africae.1707 · Cited by 3
Abreek-Zubiedat, F., & Nitzan-Shiftan, A. (2021) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1863443 · Cited by 3
UPERESA, F. L. (2018) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478002086-007 · Cited by 15
Rural Indigenous students’ postsecondary experiences: North and South of the Medicine Line
Henning, D., & Wheeler, W. (2020) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.20365 · Cited by 3
“The goal of settler colonialism is the erasure of Indigenous peoples in order to establish settler rights to Indigenous lands and resources (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundZambelli, M., Robinson, S., & Pallasmaa, J. (2021) · Firenze University Press eBooks · doi:10.36253/978-88-5518-286-7 · Cited by 3
Indigenous Rights: Colonial Chimera? The Illusion of Positive Peace in a Settler Colonial Context
Aikman, P. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3877-3_27-1 · Cited by 3
Al-Haq: A Global History of the First Palestinian Human Rights Organization
Welchman, L. (2021) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.102 · Cited by 3
Unfolding Birth Justice in Settler States
Ganapathy, S. (2021) · Feminist Anthropology · doi:10.1002/fea2.12056 · Cited by 3
Taira, D. (2021) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/01614681211048625 · Cited by 6
Chen, C., & Mason, D. S. (2021) · Leisure/Loisir · doi:10.1080/14927713.2021.1945944 · Cited by 3
“…the reconfiguration of their ancestral land and social relationships into settler property and institutions with enslaved and/or indentured labour, and the rhetorical justifications of conquest in the name of progress and benevolence (Battell Lowman & Barker, 2015; Coulthard, 2014; Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundBacon, J. M. (2021) · Ethics Policy & Environment · doi:10.1080/21550085.2021.1955600 · Cited by 3
“Though ironically, it is the suggestion of Indigenous peoples as nomadic or rootless which has so often been mobilized as a rationalization for the theft and settlement of land (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundIndigenous patrimonialization as an operation of the liberal state
Espinosa, P., & Kuschel, G. B. (2021) · Philosophy & Social Criticism · doi:10.1177/01914537211033008 · Cited by 3
“Indeed, it was in part understanding indigenous peoples as lacking economic or productive attributes of their own that led states to implement policies of extermination, assimilation and territorial reduction (Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundInfrastructure as Decay and the Decay of Infrastructure
Gupta, A. (2021) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022039-004 · Cited by 4
Bordeaux, C. (2021) · Communication Culture and Critique · doi:10.1093/ccc/tcab056 · Cited by 3
The 15-Minute City in Toronto: Insights from Lefebvre and Fanon
Amin, A. (2021) · YorkSpace (York University) · Cited by 3
استعمار استيطاني أم نظام أبارتهايد: هل علينا أن نختار؟
بشارة, ع. (2021) · عمران للعلوم الإجتماعية و الإنسانية · doi:10.31430/ftdv6869 · Cited by 3
Öhman, M.-B. (2021) · Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning · doi:10.18261/issn.1891-1781-2021-04-04 · Cited by 4
“Deras erfarenhe-ter visar på svenska statens relationer med skogssamer, ifråga om rättigheter till marker och vatten och hur det hänger ihop med rasism och rasifiering som verktyg för att ta över territo-rium, och därmed utradering av skogssamer som kultur (Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundShirazi, R. (2022) · Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1177/00224871221075281 · Cited by 3
“…peoples, it is vital to acknowledge that the establishment of the United States was very much the result of such processes, notably through settler colonial conquest and the ongoing dispossession and (attempted) erasure of indigenous communities in North America (Calderon, 2014; Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundFrost, L. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cho9781107445222.016 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolfe, P.
- Corresponding author
- Wolfe, Patrick
- Venue
- Journal of Genocide Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 387-409
- ISSN
- 1462-3528 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9494
- OpenAlex
- W2018276495
- Cited by
- 6,491
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 580 · 2025: 873 · 2024: 682 · 2023: 696 · 2022: 623 · 2021: 724 · 2020: 614 · 2019: 554 · 2018: 364 · 2017: 213 · 2016: 154 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 155 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 27.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Genocide Research (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law
- Keywords
- settler colonialism, genocide, land dispossession
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