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Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native
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The question of genocide is never far from discussions of settler colonialism. Land is life—or, at least, land is necessary for life. Thus contests for land can be—indeed, often are—contests for li...
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64 Own interpretation · 30 Sources not found · 10 No basis given · 2 No full text of the sources · 1 Not checked yet
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“the factor that most antagonized the Georgia state government (with the at-least-tacit support of Andrew Jackson's federal administration) was not actually the recalcitrant savagery of which Indians were routinely accused, but the Cherokee's unmistakable aptitude for civilization.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Throughout this process, reformers' justifications for it (saving the Indian from the tribe, giving him the same opportunities as the White man, etc.) repeatedly included the express intention to destroy the tribe in whole.60”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [60] 60. Statistical Abstract of the United States (Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, 1955), p 180.
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“In the half-century from 1881, the total acreage held by Indians in the United States fell by two thirds, from just over 155 million acres to just over 52 million.59”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [59] 59. John R. Wunder, "Retained by the People": A History of American Indians and the Bill of Rights (New York: Oxford U.P. 1994), pp 17, 39.
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“At the height of the Dawes-era assimilation programme, for instance, in the decade after Richard Pratt penned his Denver paper, Indian numbers hit the lowest level they would ever register.50”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50] 50. "In 1998-2000, life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples was shorter by 21 years for males and 20 years for females, compared with the total population . . . In 1998-2000, the death rate for Indi- genous infants was around four times the rate in the total population." Australian Bureau of Statistics, Aus- tralian Social Trends: Health-Mortality and Morbidity: Mortality of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2002), p 1. See also: House of Representatives Standing Committee on Family and Community Affairs, Health i
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“The centrepiece of this campaign was the allotment programme, first generalized as Indian policy in the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 and subsequently intensified and extended, whereby tribal land was to be broken down into individual allotments whose proprietors could eventually sell them to White people.58”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [58] 58. Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 US 1903, p 553. SETTLER COLONIALISM
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“The first major expression of this shift was the discontinuation of treaty-making, which came about in 1871.55”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [55] 55. "No Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be acknowledged or recognized as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty." 16 Stat., 566 (Act of March 3, 1871), c 120, s
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“As practised by Europeans, both genocide and settler colonialism have typically employed the organizing grammar of race.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In settlercolonial terms, this enables a population to be expanded by continuing immigration at the expense of native lands and livelihoods.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Though a thoroughgoing diminution of native entitlement was axiomatic to discovery, the discourse was primarily addressed to relations between European sovereigns rather than to relations between Europeans and natives.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17] 17. As Mr Justice Johnson put it in his concurrence with Chief Justice Marshall's judgment in Cherokee v. Georgia, "The hunter state bore within itself the promise of vacating the territory, because when game ceased, the hunter would go elsewhere to seek it. But a more fixed state of society would amount to a permanent destruction of the hope, and, of consequence, of the beneficial character of the pre-emptive right." Cherokee v. Georgia, 30 US (5 Peters) 1, 1831, p 23. 20 The judgments most often cited in this connection are Worcester v. Georgia, 31 US (6 Peters) 515, 1832, Crow Dog, 109 US 5
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“As observed, the logic of elimination continues into the present.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“They had become successful agriculturalists on the White model, with a number of them owning substantial holdings of Black slaves, and they had introduced a written national constitution that bore more than a passing resemblance to the US one.41”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] 41. Ross-the successful self-made Cherokee entrepreneur-was really what white Georgians feared. Their biggest obstacle to acquiring the Cherokee lands was the cultivator's plow and overseer's whip-not PATRICK WOLFE the war club, bow, and scalping knife." Sean M. O'Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson's Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Westport, CT: Praeger 2003), p 229. For the Constitution of the Cherokee Nation, see the Cherokee Phoenix, February 28, 1828.
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“Even in contemporary, post-Native Title Australia, Aboriginal life expectancy clings to a level some 25% below that enjoyed by mainstream society, with infant mortality rates that are even worse.51”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [51] 51. Neil Thomson, "Trends in Aboriginal infant mortality," in Alan Gray, ed., A Matter of Life and Death: Contemporary Aboriginal Infant Mortality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1990), pp 1-8.
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“In the end, though, the western frontier met the one moving back in from the Pacific, and there was simply no space left for removal.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“As homesteaders, by contrast, the Choctaw who stayed became individual proprietors, each to his own, of separately allotted fragments of what had previously been the tribal estate, theirs to sell to White people if they chose to.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Rwanda and Burundi are colonial creations-not only so far as the obvious factor of their geographical borders is concerned, but, more intimately, in the very racial boundaries that marked and reproduced the Hutu/Tutsi division.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [37] 37. Robert Melson, "Modern genocide in Rwanda: ideology, revolution, war, and mass murder in an African state," in Gellately and Kiernan, The Specter of Genocide, pp 325-338, at p 326.
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“All these strategies, including frontier homicide, are characteristic of settler colonialism.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In addition to its objective economic centrality to the project, agriculture, with its life-sustaining connectedness to land, is a potent symbol of settler-colonial identity.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Preemption sanctioned European priority but not Indigenous freedom of choice.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“the occasions on or the extent to which settler colonialism conduces to genocide are not a matter of the presence or absence of the formal apparatus of the state.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“In its positive aspect, the logic of elimination marks a return whereby the native repressed continues to structure settler-colonial society.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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In the paper
“I contend that, though the two have converged-which is to say, the settler-colonial logic of elimination has manifested as genocidal-they should be distinguished.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In sum, then, settler colonialism is an inclusive, land-centred project that coordinates a comprehensive range of agencies, from the metropolitan centre to the frontier encampment, with a view to eliminating Indigenous societies.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Agriculture not only supports the other sectors.It is inherently sedentary and, therefore, permanent.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“Accordingly, settler-colonial discourse is resolutely impervious to glaring inconsistencies such as sedentary natives or the fact that the settlers themselves have come from somewhere else.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“The American right to buy always superseded the Indian right not to sell.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21] 21. Grant Foreman, Indian Removal (Norman, OK: Oklahoma U.P. 1932). SETTLER COLONIALISM
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In the paper
“Settler colonialism is inherently eliminatory but not invariably genocidal.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“As opposed to enslaved people, whose reproduction augmented their owners' wealth, Indigenous people obstructed settlers' access to land, so their increase was counterproductive.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“It is both as complex social formation and as continuity through time that I term settler colonization a structure rather than an event”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“settler colonizers come to stay: invasion is a structure not an event.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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In the paper
“In the event, Indigenous people are either rendered dependent on the introduced economy or reduced to the stock-raids that provide the classic pretext for colonial death-squads.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Aborigines were accorded no rights to their territory, informal variants on the theme of terra nullius being taken for granted in settler culture.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“For various reasons, these removals, which turned eastern tribes into proxy invaders of Indian territory across the Mississippi, were a crude and unsatisfactory form of elimination.In particular, they were temporary, it being only a matter of time before the frontier rabble caught up with them.53”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [53] 53. This was the reality behind the mushrooming frontier demographies. "In the decade before 1820, the popu- lation of the new state of Alabama increased by a startling 1,000 per cent." O'Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears, p 221. For an illuminating catalogue of Creek responses to this invasion, see Richard S. Lackey, comp., Frontier Claims in the Lower South. Records of Claims Filed by Citizens of the Alabama and Tom- bigbee River Settlements in the Mississippi Territory for Depradations by the Creek Indians During the War of 1812 (New Orleans: Polyanthos 1977).
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“Mass murders are not the same thing as genocide, though the one action can be both.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Tribal land was tribally owned-tribes and private property did not mix.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“On emancipation, Blacks became surplus to some requirements and, to that extent, more like Indians.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Thus the key factor in colonial and 'post'-colonial race relations is not, as some have argued, simple demographic numbers, since populations have to be differentiated before they can be counted. Difference, it cannot be stressed enough, is not simply given. It is the outcome of differentiation, which is an intensely conflictual process.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wolfe, 'Land, labor, and difference: elementary structures of race,' American Historical Review, Vol 106, 2001, pp 865-905, at p 894.
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“In the first place, it shows us that settler colonialism is an indicator.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“My reason for not favouring the term is that it confuses definition with degree.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“The US parallel is significant because, unlike the South African case, the formal apparatus of oppression (slavery) was overcome but Whites remained in power.76”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [76] 76. Ward Churchill, Indians Are Us? Culture and Genocide in Native North America (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press 1994).
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“Colin Tatz has argued, conclusively in my view, that, while Turkish behaviour in Armenia, Nazi behaviour in Europe, and Australian behaviour towards Aborigines (among other examples) constitute genocide, the apartheid regime in South Africa does not.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“Richard Pratt and Phillip Sheridan were both practitioners of genocide.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the strike on the World Trade Center is an example of mass murder but not, in my view, of genocide.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48] 48. Henry G. Liddell and Robert Scott, Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon 1869), pp 314, 426. Cf. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, p 79.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In both cases, the genocide tribunal is the wrong court.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, as Palestinians become more and more dispensable, Gaza and the West Bank become less and less like Bantustans and more and more like reservations (or, for that matter, like the Warsaw Ghetto).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Apartheid also relied on sequestration.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without the tribe, though, for all practical purposes they were no longer Indians (this is the citizenship part).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Apart from its contrivance, this analogy fails because the Nazi racialization of Jews did not conduce to their assimilation.Rather, the reverse was the case.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Notes and References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gellately
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A drive to replace Palestinian labour with cheap immigrant labour was begun in the early 1990s in response to the first Intifada. Though this policy was officially abandoned as it generated its own problems, around 8% of Israel's population continues to be made up of illegal immigrants (who are, by definition, non-Jewish).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Amir
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Definitionally, in other words, as in the case of other patterned or cumulative phenomena, genocide can obtain retrospectively.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
In some settler-colonial sites such as Fiji, native society was able to accommodate the invaders and the transformative socioeconomic system they introduced.
“In some settler-colonial sites (one thinks, for instance, of Fiji), native society was able to accommodate-though hardly unscathed-the invaders and the transformative socioeconomic system that they introduced.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Land is necessary for life.
“Land is life-or, at least, land is necessary for life.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Settler colonialism always needs more land.
“Of itself, however, modernity cannot explain the insatiable dynamic whereby settler colonialism always needs more land.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Settler colonialism is a specific social formation whose specificity should be retained.
“As stated at the outset, settler colonialism is a specific social formation and it is desirable to retain that specificity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Settler colonialism persists over extended periods of time.
“Since settler colonialism persists over extended periods of time, structural genocide should be easier to interrupt than short-term genocides.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The rule of law is ideologically central to the cohesion of settler society.
“since it does not involve such a disruptive affront to the rule of law that is ideologically central to the cohesion of settler society.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Apartheid also relied on sequestration.
“There again, apartheid also relied on sequestration.”
The paper relies on this without support.
As valuable commodities, slaves had only been destroyed in extremis.
“As valuable commodities, slaves had only been destroyed in extremis.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Porous borders do not offer a way out.
“Porous borders do not offer a way out.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“I use ' settlerhumanitarianism ' to emphasize how liberal interventions inspired by sympathy for Indigenous suffering are aligned with settler-colonialism ' s enduring goal of eliminating Indigenous peoples in order to control and exploit their territory (Wolfe 2006).”
From Settler-Humanitarianism: Healing the Indigenous Child-Victim (2017) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, standards-heavy science education in the U.S. participates in, and is a re fl ection of, U.S. settler colonialism (Calderón, 2014a), as the displacement and elimination of indigenous knowledges from the curriculum mimics how (mostly) European settlers permanently moved into territories for economic gain, while displacing, dispossessing, and enslaving indigenous peoples (Wolfe, 2006).”
From Creating third spaces in K-12 socio-environmental education through indigenous languages: a case study (2024) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“methods included westward removal of Native communities to enable settler territorial expansion as well as ethnocidal settler governmental policy illegitimizing and illegalizing Native cultures and subsequent forced assimilation of Native peoples into Anglo lifestyles-and the settler economy, and the general imposition of settler governmental powers over Native individuals and Native Nations”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“genocide was key among the mechanisms of usurping Native populations of their resources and legal-political powers in the Americas”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The nature of the settler colonial society, regardless of where it is imposed, is defined by the divestiture of the political, governmental, economic powers of the colonized (Indigenous) population toward the benefit and supremacy of the settler population”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Dominant representations of”
From Review of Network Sovereignty: Building the Internet Across Indian Country, Marisa Elena Duarte (2019) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“I use the formulation of ' settlerhumanitarianism ' to express how liberal interventions of care and protection, intended to ameliorate Indigenous suffering, align with settler-colonialism ' s enduring goal of Indigenous elimination (Wolfe 2006).”
From Settler-Humanitarianism: Healing the Indigenous Child-Victim (2017) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The colonial logics of elimination that materialized security theology in Palestine are evinced in other settler colonial contexts (Wolfe, 2006), such as in the United States where curriculums of fear are framed as epistemological tools for reinforcing settler rights to Indigenous lands via statesponsored educational and genocidal projects (Nguyen, 2016).”
From Entwined Complicities: Genocidal Geographies of the Youth Carceral State and Arrivals to Educational Abolitionism (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As Wolfe (2006) famously argued, colonialism is not an event, but a structure of settler societies.”
From Decolonizing prisons: Indigenized programming and a critique of critical prison studies (2023) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Wolfe (2006) points out that settler colonialism acts as an enduring structure, not an event, meaning it is not a historical moment of conquest but an ongoing form of occupation through the enduring social, political, and economic structures built by invading people (Grimwood and Johnson 2019;Kauanui 2016;Tuck and Yang 2012;Wolfe 2006).”
From Unsettling Archaeology (2020) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These macro-level social frames are informed by a logic of elimination (Wolfe 2006), which seeks to erase Indigenous Peoples and their rightful claims to land, political sovereignty, and cultural alterity.”
From Archaeology and Social Justice in Native America (2022) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
In the citing paper
“Indigenizing healthcare by increasing numbers of Indigenous healthcare providers makes sense and it has been a focus of the Canadian governments and universities in order to improve healthcare and, ultimately, the health of First Nations [72].”
From Confronting Racism within the Canadian Healthcare System: Systemic Exclusion of First Nations from Quality and Consistent Care (2020) · cites this paper as [72]
Citations
Cites
How Did Colonialism Dispossess? Comments from an Edge of Empire
Harris, C. (2004) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.09401009.x · Cited by 457
American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492
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Farber, D., & Litwack, L. F. (1999) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/2649423 · Cited by 365
Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow
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Land, labor, and the origins of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 1882-1914
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35. The Advantages of Mingling Indians with Whites
Pratt, R. Η. (1973) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674435056.c39 · Cited by 171
Fitzmaurice, A. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511490521 · Cited by 145
The Palestinian People: A History
Brown, L. C., Kimmerling, B., & Migdal, J. S. (2003) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20033734 · Cited by 124
The idea of race and its elevation to autonomous scientific and legal status
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Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land since 1948
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Research works printed but not linked: 23
- [1]1. Rose, Hidden Histories: Black Stories from Victoria River Downs, Humbert River and Wave Hill Stations (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1991), p 46. ne, destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group; the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the oppressor. This imposition, in turn, may be made upon the oppressed population which is allowed to remain, or upon the territory alone, after removal of the population and colonization of the area by the oppressor's own nationals." Raphae ¨l Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress (New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1944), p 79.
- [3]3. Theodor Herzl, Old-New Land [Altneuland, 1902], Lotta Levensohn, trans. (New York: M. Wiener 1941), p 38.
- [13]13. Robert A. Williams, Jr., The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest (Oxford: Oxford U.P. 1990), esp. pp 233-286.
- [14]14. This observation unites almost all commentators, whatever their political inclination. Cf. e.g. Anthony Anghie, "Finding the peripheries: sovereignty and colonialism in nineteenth-century international law," Harvard International Law Journal, Vol 40, 1999, pp 1-80, at p 69;
- [19]19. The classic accounts from a well-established literature include: Annie H. Abel, "The history of events resulting in Indian consolidation west of the Mississippi River," in American Historical Association Annual Report for 1906, 2 vols (Washington, DC: American Historical Association 1906), Vol 2, pp 233 - 450;
- [25]25. For discussion of Olney's "tide of history" concept, see Jackie Delpero, "'The tide of history': Australian native title discourse in global context," MA thesis, Victoria University, Australia, 2003;
- [26]26. David Rittter, "The judgement of the world: the Yorta Yorta case and the "tide of history,'" Australian Historical Studies, Vol 123, 2004, pp 106-121.
- [29]29. n order to justify the inclusion of the Negev in the future Jewish state, eleven new kibbutzim were simul- taneously installed in that desert region on October 6th, 1946, in addition to the ten settlements already established there during the War for the same purpose." Nathan Weinstock, Zionism, False Messiah, Alan Adler, trans. (London: Ink Links 1979), p 249.
- [32]32. Enzo Traverso, The Origins of Nazi Violence, Janet Lloyd, trans. (New York: New Press 2003);
- [35]35. Israel is also, of course, a partial exception here, though not so substantial an exception as is asserted by those who claim that Israel cannot be a colonial formation because it lacks a single commissioning metro- polis. From the outset, the Yishuv co-opted Ottoman, British and US imperialism to its own advantage, a reciprocated opportunism involving what Maxime Rodinson neatly glossed as "the collective mother country." Rodinson, Israel. A Settler-Colonial State? David Thorstad, trans. (New York: Monad 1973), p 76.
- [39]39. "For the provisions serving to the support of humane life, produced by one acre of inclosed and cultivated land, are (to speak much within compasse) ten times more, than those, which are yeilded [sic] by an acre of Land, of an equal richnesse, lyeing wast in common." John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P. 1963 [1698]), p 312.
- [40]40. The new Jew is an enduring Zionist theme. In introducing his terrorist memoir, future Israeli prime minister Menachim Begin announced that, in addition to his Jewish readers, he had also written the book for gentiles: "lest they be unwilling to realise, or all too ready to overlook, the fact that out of blood and fire and tears and ashes a new specimen of human being was born, a specimen completely unknown to the world for over eighteen hundred years, 'the FIGHTING JEW'." Begin, The Revolt, Samuel Katz, trans. (London: W.H. Allen 1979), p xxv, capitals in original. For a more recent diasporan example, see, for instance, the Adi Nes photograph used as publicity for the Jewish Museum of New York's 1998-1999 "After Rabin: new art from Israel" show, at www.thejewishmuseum.org/site/pages/content/exhibitions/special/rabin/rabin_zoom/rabinL1.html 41 "
- [48]48. Henry G. Liddell and Robert Scott, Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon 1869), pp 314, 426. Cf. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, p 79.
- [51]51. Neil Thomson, "Trends in Aboriginal infant mortality," in Alan Gray, ed., A Matter of Life and Death: Contemporary Aboriginal Infant Mortality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1990), pp 1-8.
- [61]61. See e.g. Frederick E. Hoxie, A Final Promise. The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880-1920 (Cambridge: Nebraska U.P. 1989); Prucha, Americanizing the American Indians, passim.
- [63]63. "Thus the key factor in colonial and 'post'-colonial race relations is not, as some have argued, simple demographic numbers, since populations have to be differentiated before they can be counted. Difference, it cannot be stressed enough, is not simply given. It is the outcome of differentiation, which is an intensely conflictual process." Patrick Wolfe, "Land, labor, and difference: elementary structures of race," American Historical Review, Vol 106, 2001, pp 865-905, at p 894.
- [68]68. Wolfe, "Nation and miscegeNation," p 111; Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology, p 180. Scholars who have made this point after me are too numerous to mention. Among those who made it before I did, see e.g. Jeremy Beckett, "The past in the present, the present in the past: constructing a national Aboriginality," in his, ed., Past and Present: The Construction of Aboriginality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1988), pp 191-217;
- [71]71. Evans and Thorpe, "The massacre of Aboriginal history," Overland, Vol 163, 2001, pp 21 -39, at p 36.
- [73]73. Robert K. Hitchcock and Tara M. Twedt, "Physical and cultural genocide of various Indigenous peoples," in Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny, eds, Genocide in the Twentieth Century (New York: Garland Press 1995), pp 483 -514, at pp 498-501. For "politicide" ("a process that covers a wide range of social, political, and military activities whose goal is to destroy the political and national viability of a whole community of people"), see Baruch Kimmerling, Politicide. Ariel Sharon's War Against the Palestinians (rev. ed., London: Verso 2006).
- [76]76. Ward Churchill, Indians Are Us? Culture and Genocide in Native North America (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press 1994).
- [80]80. A drive to replace Palestinian labour with cheap immigrant labour was begun in the early 1990s in response to the first Intifada. Though this policy was officially abandoned as it generated its own problems, around 8% of Israel's population continues to be made up of illegal immigrants (who are, by definition, non-Jewish). See Shmuel Amir, "Overseas foreign workers in Israel: policy aims and labor market outcomes," International Migration Review, Vol 36, 2002, pp 41-58;
- [81]81. Eric Beachemin, "Illegal in Israel," Radio Netherlands broadcast, September 15, 2004, at http://www2.rnw.nl/rnw/en/features/humanrights/tornlives/ilegalinisrael?view ¼ Standard; Leila Farsakh, "An occupation that creates children willing to die. Israel: an apartheid state?," Monde Diplomatique, English language edition, November 4, 2003, at http://mondediplo.com/2003/11/ 04apartheid
- [85]85. Joel Williamson, The Crucible of Race: Black-White Relations in the American South Since Eman- cipation (Oxford: Oxford U.P. 1984), pp 180-223.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,601–1,700 of 6,388
Winking, J. (2018) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/1474704917752691 · Cited by 5
“By including references to both “violence” and “warfare,” such a trait can be reasonably aligned with negative stereotypes or perceptions associated with African American culture (Devine, 1989; Dixon, 2008) and European history (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundThe Israeli Nationality Law: A Blueprint for a Twenty-first Century Settler-Colonial State
Pappé, I. (2019) · Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies · doi:10.3366/hlps.2019.0214 · Cited by 6
Decolonizing Complexity Education: A Mayan Perspective
Lam-Herrera, M., Ixkoj Ajkem Council, & Sengupta, P. (2019) · Advances in STEM education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29489-2_18 · Cited by 6
Eichler, J., & Bacca, P. I. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement · doi:10.1080/02255189.2020.1796601 · Cited by 6
“…in present day indigenous contexts, “social death”, “culturally destructive processes” (Short 2010, 833, 842) and the right to access territories (Wolfe 2006) are equally counted as genocide following a growing academic consensus: empirical evidence further suggests its wider application…”
BackgroundSecuring Racial Borders: A Comparative Study of Settler‐Racial Ideology and State Border Violence
Chubin, F., & Ramirez, M. A. (2020) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/soin.12389 · Cited by 6
Awad, R. (2020) · Human Geography · doi:10.1177/1942778620972354 · Cited by 6
“…the conditions on the ground demonstrate that the ongoing Israeli occupation of Palestine represents a case of both colonialism and settlercolonialism in the ways Zionist domination of Palestine, prior to and since 1948, is driven by the genocidal “logic of elimination,” as coined by Wolfe (2006).”
BackgroundSubmerged perspectives: the arts of land and water defense
Gómez‐Barris, M. (2020) · Globalizations · doi:10.1080/14747731.2020.1841536 · Cited by 6
Simaan, J. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/0008417421994372 · Cited by 6
Browne, B. C. (2021) · Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies · doi:10.3366/hlps.2021.0255 · Cited by 6
Reconciling with capitalism: Selling Crown land to settle with First Nations
Whiteside, H. (2021) · Canadian Public Administration · doi:10.1111/capa.12415 · Cited by 6
Weaving together: Decolonising global citizenship education in Aotearoa New Zealand
McLennan, S. J., Forster, M., & Hazou, R. T. (2021) · Geographical Research · doi:10.1111/1745-5871.12484 · Cited by 6
Race Relations in Australia: A Brief History
Elias, A., Mansouri, F., & Paradies, Y. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2137-6_2 · Cited by 7
Staking a Claim: Mineral Mining, Prospecting Logics, and Settler Infrastructures
Tollefson, H. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.22230/cjc.2021v46n2a3781 · Cited by 8
Minguzzi, M. (2021) · Firenze University Press eBooks · doi:10.36253/978-88-5518-316-1 · Cited by 6
Byler, D. (2021) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/amet.13020 · Cited by 6
Indigenous Peoples and the Second World War
Sheffield, R. S., & Riseman, N. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394208647.ch48 · Cited by 6
MacDonald, L., Smith, A., & Funaki, H. (2021) · New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.1007/s40841-021-00222-3 · Cited by 6
“The Settler Contract, a colonial manifestation of The Racial Contract,2 is a racial system of domination that accounts for the ongoing structuring force of colonisation in settler societies (Pateman, 2007; Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundThe “End” of Orgasm: The Erotics of Durational Pleasures
Cerankowski, K. J. (2021) · Studies in Gender and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/15240657.2021.1961473 · Cited by 6
Throughcare for Indigenous peoples leaving prison: Practices in two settler colonial states
Tubex, H., Rynne, J., & Blagg, H. (2021) · European Journal of Probation · doi:10.1177/20662203211044956 · Cited by 10
American Speech, Settler Colonialism, and a View from a Place Currently Called Canada
Denis, D., & D’Arcy, A. (2021) · American Speech · doi:10.1215/00031283-9616208 · Cited by 6
E-scaping apartheid: Digital ventures of Zionist settler colonialism
Bevilacqua, I. (2021) · Human Geography · doi:10.1177/19427786211055780 · Cited by 6
“Operating through the structures of the settler state, it is characterized by an ongoing effort to dispossess native peoples of their lands in order to replace their presence with a society dominated by set-tlers (Veracini, 2011; Wolfe, 1999; 2006).”
BackgroundOn decolonial revisions of modern social theory
Khoo, S.-M. (2021) · International Sociology · doi:10.1177/02685809211057468 · Cited by 6
Shqair, M., & Soliman, M. (2021) · Community Development Journal · doi:10.1093/cdj/bsab052 · Cited by 6
Land-Based Art Criticism: (Un)learning Land Through Art
Bae-Dimitriadis, M. S. (2021) · Visual Arts Research · doi:10.5406/visuartsrese.47.2.0102 · Cited by 6
“The discursive system of settler colonial representation aims to obscure Indigenous presence and land sovereignty, and justifies settler colonial violence that transforms the land for White settler futurity (Wolfe, 2006).”
Whittington, V. (2022) · Culture Unbound Journal of Current Cultural Research · doi:10.3384/cu.3296 · Cited by 6
Stone, T. B. (2022) · International Review of Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/19408447211068195 · Cited by 7
“Though not often thought of in these terms, Cedarville and its Latinx residents are deeply shaped by settler colonial histories and ongoing structures (Wolfe, 2006; Gott, 2007), which made precarity a norm for most of its residents.”
BackgroundGilby, R., Jobson, L., & Adams, K. (2022) · Mind Culture and Activity · doi:10.1080/10749039.2022.2053545 · Cited by 6
“Their intent is to destroy and replace, as the settler population continuously expands at the expense of Indigenous lands and livelihoods (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundMollett, S. (2022) · Geographica Helvetica · doi:10.5194/gh-77-327-2022 · Cited by 6
“I am particularly interested in the “logic of elimination” posited as a central organizing principle in settler landscapes which according to the late Patrick Wolfe not only “strives for the dissolution of native societies” but “destroys to replace” (Wolfe, 2006:388).”
BackgroundSmyth, A. (2022) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12885 · Cited by 6
Finnish Settler Colonialism in North America: Rethinking Finnish Experiences in Transnational Spaces
Andersson, R., & Lahti, J. (2022) · Helsinki University Press eBooks · doi:10.33134/ahead-2 · Cited by 7
Qarmout, T. (2023) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436597.2022.2158805 · Cited by 6
“Wolfe (2006, 38) quoted the founding father of Zionism, Theodor Herzl, saying ‘If I wish to substitute a new building for an old one, I must demolish before I construct’ to explain why settler colonialism is inherently about replacing the native.”
BackgroundArtistic Activism and Museum Accountability: Staging Antagonism in the Cultural Sphere
Pittas, K. (2023) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/02632764221140810 · Cited by 6
de Olazábal, I. D. (2023) · Middle East Critique · doi:10.1080/19436149.2023.2169979 · Cited by 7
“22 Patrick Wolfe (2006) Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native, Journal of Genocide Research, 8(4), p. 388.”
BackgroundA Social Reproduction Theory of Gender Violence
Hall, R. J. (2023) · Signs · doi:10.1086/722312 · Cited by 13
“In the context of settler colonialism, this violence has a genocidal impulse that is tied to the relationship Indigenous peoples hold to the land and the barriers it poses to the development of the settler state (Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundAn Intersectional Approach to Hepatitis B
Lemoh, C. N., Xiao, Y., Tran, L., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20064879 · Cited by 6
van Burgel, E., Holden, S., Ferguson, M., Cullerton, K. B., McCartan, J., Turner, N., Cubillo, B., Day, G., & Brimblecombe, J. K. (2023) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100058 · Cited by 7
Paul, W., Monchalin, R., Auger, M. D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1177/13558196231188632 · Cited by 6
“For example, comparing the experiences of Black and Indigenous peoples, Wolfe 24 describes a ‘ one drop rule ’ as “ (A)ny amount of African ancestry, no matter how remote, and regardless of phenotypical appearance, makes a person Black.”
BackgroundAn Incomplete Glossary of Change to Activate Decolonising and Indigenising Practices in Museums
Phillips, L. (2022) · Museum International · doi:10.1080/13500775.2022.2234199 · Cited by 6
“…on Turtle Island over the past five centuries were unable to see outside our own expectations and experiences of what we considered productive land use, whereby so-called improvements and extractions of the land equalled ownership (Dickason 1984; Wolfe 1999, 2006; Mann 2012; Bélanger 2018).”
BackgroundThe Impact of Climate Change on Global Oncology
Nogueira, L., & Florez, N. (2023) · Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2023.07.004 · Cited by 7
Learning from 50 Years of Aboriginal Alcohol Programs
D'Abbs, P. H., & Hewlett, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0401-3 · Cited by 7
Silenced resentments and regrets: Aging in a changing Kibbutz
Shohet, M. (2023) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13921 · Cited by 6
Collective, L. G., Cahuas, M. C., Douglass-Jaimes, G., Faiver‐Serna, C., Mendoza, Y. G., Martinez-Lugo, D., & Ramírez, M. M. (2024) · ACME · doi:10.7202/1109051ar · Cited by 11
“…America (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana), while including people from Spain and privileging Spanish ancestry, which further perpetuates settler colonial violence of incorporation through amalgamation and thus elimination of Indigenous and Black life (see Morgenson 2011; Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundPedagogies of Inclusion Must Start from Within
Chung, R., & Cruz, J. W. N. D. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197755303.003.0015 · Cited by 6
Decolonising the social sciences
Khoo, S.-M. (2024) · Irish Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/07916035241239737 · Cited by 12
“However, this article emphasises the need to approach race as structural (Lentin, 2020; Wolfe, 2006) and therefore, not restricted to people and phenomena racialised as Black but addressing the structure of racial identi fi cation and division as a whole.”
Reimagining urban design of stormwater infrastructure in settler‐colonial Sydney
Coyne, T. (2024) · Geographical Research · doi:10.1111/1745-5871.12645 · Cited by 6
Menozzi, F. (2013) · Ariel · doi:10.1353/ari.2013.0038 · Cited by 6
Richter-Devroe, S. (2016) · Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies · doi:10.3366/hlps.2016.0128 · Cited by 6
Taylor, L. (2016) · Journal of Latin American Studies · doi:10.1017/s0022216x16000353 · Cited by 6
Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Humanitarian Settings
Weissbecker, I., Ventevogel, P., Hanna, F., & Pathare, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607.026 · Cited by 10
King, C. R. (2015) · University of Nebraska Press eBooks · doi:10.5250/9781496245427 · Cited by 6
Engaging Indigenous Economy: Debating diverse approaches
Sanders, W. (2016) · ANU Press eBooks · doi:10.22459/caepr35.04.2016 · Cited by 6
Fullenwieder, L., & Molnár, Á. (2018) · Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) · Cited by 6
Education as/against cruelty: On Etienne Balibar's Violence and Civility
Low, R. (2018) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2018.1507819 · Cited by 6
Public Attitudes Toward New Prisons in New Zealand and Deficit Narratives: A Quantitative Survey
Norris, A. N., & Lipsey, K. (2018) · International Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/1057567718803147 · Cited by 6
Scientific Visions: Resource Extraction and the Colonial Impulse in Canadian Popular Science Films
Jekanowski, R. W. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Film Studies · doi:10.3138/cjfs.28.1.2018-0006 · Cited by 6
Beyond the Native/Settler Divide in Early California
Spear (2019) · The William and Mary Quarterly · doi:10.5309/willmaryquar.76.3.0427 · Cited by 6
Feldman, I. (2019) · Public Culture · doi:10.1215/08992363-7532655 · Cited by 6
Koban, J. (2019) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2019.1696854 · Cited by 6
“When I use the concept, “settler colonial,” I refer to a specific form of colonialism in places like North America, Australia, and Palestine with genocidal tendencies (Wolfe, 2006; Veracini, 2011; Svirsky, 2017).”
MethodAccounting for Our Settler Colonialism: Toward an Unsettled German Studies in the United States
Manthripragada, A. J., & Mušanović, E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34342-2_2 · Cited by 6
At the Beginning of the Curve: Social Work Education and Indigenous Content
Choate, P. W., St-Denis, N., & MacLaurin, B. J. (2020) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/10437797.2020.1798311 · Cited by 6
“Colonialism is not an event but a structure (Wolfe, 2006) composed of processes CONTACT Peter W. Choate pchoate@mtroyal.ca Child Studies and Social Work, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada.”
BackgroundSidun, N. M., & Flores, Y. G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607.019 · Cited by 6
Human Rights and Reconciliation
Vélez, G., Twose, G. H. J., & López‐López, W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607.037 · Cited by 6
Escobar, G. (2021) · Latin American Perspectives · doi:10.1177/0094582x20988692 · Cited by 6
Aboriginal Health Consumers Experiences of an Aboriginal Health Curriculum Framework
Atkinson, P., Baird, M. A., & Adams, K. (2021) · Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet · doi:10.14221/aihjournal.v2n3.3 · Cited by 6
“This form of colonisation was characterised by overt racism and the gaining of territory through the domination and elimination of the Indigenous (Indigenous meaning here Indigenous people globally) population (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundToward an interstitial global critical theory
Challand, B., & Bottici, C. (2021) · Globalizations · doi:10.1080/14747731.2021.1989140 · Cited by 6
On and beyond traumatic fallout: unsettling political ecology in practice and scholarship
Moulton, A. A., Velednitsky, S., Harris, D. M., Cook, C. B., & Wheeler, B. L. (2021) · Journal of Political Ecology · doi:10.2458/jpe.3051 · Cited by 8
“…process of colonial plunder, we can challenge its historically extractive modes of operation, not as a move to settler innocence (Daigle 2019; Tuck and Yang 2012; Wolfe 1999, 2006), but as a praxis of care and accountability that is guided by a desire towards more ethically rooted relations.”
BackgroundPolitics of Recognition, Elimination and Settler-Colonialism
Badarin, E. (2021) · Critical Sociology · doi:10.1177/08969205211058452 · Cited by 6
“Unlike extractive and exploitation-based colonialism, setter-colonialism is continuously developing and is rooted in territorial conquest and the elimination of indigenous populations and their replacement by settlers (Veracini, 2015; Wolfe, 1999, 2006).”
BackgroundFrom Homes to Assets and From Pioneers to Shareholders: An Evolving Frontier Terminology
Schwake, G. (2022) · Urban Planning · doi:10.17645/up.v7i1.4685 · Cited by 6
“Building on Prescott (1987), Elden (2010), Agnew (1994), Arendt (1951), Wolfe (2006), and Mbembe’s (2003) definitions, we could claim that fron‐ tiers are areas that have not yet been incorporated into the trinity of state–people–territory, and by settling them, states are able to impose both their…”
BackgroundNautico-imperialism and settler-colonialism: water and land in the New South Wales colony
Rogers, D. (2022) · Australian Geographer · doi:10.1080/00049182.2022.2032559 · Cited by 6
Becoming Avian in the Anthropocene
Koons, R. A. (2019) · Humanimalia · doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9503 · Cited by 6
Ayyash, M. M. (2022) · Distinktion Journal of Social Theory · doi:10.1080/1600910x.2022.2054449 · Cited by 6
“Scholarship on settler colonialism agrees that Israel is a settler colonial state (e.g. Khalidi 2020; Salamanca et al. 2012; Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundAntiracism amidst empire? Understanding the United States' relationship to whiteness
Nicholls, H. (2022) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.13017 · Cited by 6
Disrupting Settler Colonial Microaggressions: Implications for Social Work
Bubar, R., Kelly, T., Souza, C., Lovato-Romero, L., & Bundy‐Fazioli, K. (2022) · International Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics · doi:10.55521/10-019-206 · Cited by 9
“Thus, it important to understand the logics of how and why violence is condoned against Native women and connected to land as Wolfe (2006) notes, “the primary motive for the logic of elimination is not race but access to territory.”
BackgroundRamanujam, A. (2022) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/soin.12516 · Cited by 6
Douglas, V., Purton, F., & Bascuñán, D. (2020) · Alberta Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.55016/ojs/ajer.v66i3.56962 · Cited by 9
Rodríguez, D. (2014) · The Black Scholar · doi:10.1080/00064246.2014.11413686 · Cited by 6
Biography, Life History and Orality
Richter-Devroe, S. (2016) · Hawwa · doi:10.1163/15692086-12341313 · Cited by 6
Social death and the loss of a ‘world’: an anatomy of genocidal harm in Sudan
Wise, L. (2017) · The International Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/13642987.2017.1310464 · Cited by 6
“Patrick Wolfe has similarly made a compelling case that genocide should be conceptualised as a ‘structure’ exhibiting a ‘logic of elimination’, rather than an ‘event’.(38) And as Damien Short has recently argued in relation to the genocidal consequences of ‘ecocide’ for indigenous communities around the world, genocid…”
BackgroundContesting the nation: negotiating national narratives and the Jewish settlements
Aron, H. (2019) · Nations and Nationalism · doi:10.1111/nana.12498 · Cited by 5
Child Welfare, Indigenous Children and Children’s Rights in Canada
Stevenson, A. (2019) · Revista Direito e Práxis · doi:10.1590/2179-8966/2019/40639 · Cited by 6
Cumulative domicide: The Sayisi Dene and destruction of home in mid-twentieth century Canada
Basso, A. R., Ciaschi, P., & Akesson, B. (2020) · Current Sociology · doi:10.1177/0011392120927763 · Cited by 6
Cordes, A. (2020) · Culture Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies · doi:10.1177/1532708620953189 · Cited by 6
“Rather, people settled and refuse to leave (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundDecolonizing the Blossoming: Indigenous People’s Faith in a Colonizing Church
Benally, M. (2017) · Dialogue A Journal of Mormon Thought · doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.4.0071 · Cited by 6
(2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478022923-005 · Cited by 6
Howard, P. S. S. (2023) · University of Toronto Press eBooks · doi:10.3138/9781487548346 · Cited by 6
Reconciliation after Genocide in Canada: Towards a syncretic model of democracy
MacDonald, D. B. (2013) · AlterNative An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples · doi:10.1177/117718011300900105 · Cited by 6
Strakosch, E. (2012) · Cited by 6
From Sovereignty in Australia to Australian Sovereignty
Prokhovnik, R. (2013) · Political Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-9248.12069 · Cited by 6
“…not only claimed ‘perfect territorial jurisdiction’ (Ford, 2010) and erased the significance of indigenous ‘first nations’, but which was also constituted through the ‘dispossession of the Indigenous people’ (Stokes, 2004, p. 19) and accompanied by a ‘logic of elimination’ (Wolfe, 2006, p. 387).”
BackgroundCampbell, B. (2015) · International journal of law, crime and justice · doi:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2015.05.004 · Cited by 6
The Welsh Way of Colonisation in Patagonia: The International Politics of Moral Superiority
Taylor, L. (2019) · The Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History · doi:10.1080/03086534.2019.1576836 · Cited by 6
George, T. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 6
Re-collecting Black Hawk: landscape, memory, and power in the American Midwest
(2015) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.193113 · Cited by 6
Editorial: Extractivism and Performance
Richards, K. S., & Davis-Fisch, H. (2020) · Canadian Theatre Review · doi:10.3138/ctr.182.001 · Cited by 6
Edwards, F., Beardall, T. R., & Curtis, H. M. (2021) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/fcz5p · Cited by 6
The Challenge of the “More‐than‐human World”
Mendoza, S. L., & Kinefuchi, E. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119745426.ch45 · Cited by 6
Zhu, Y., & Kent, L. (2025) · International Journal of Cultural Policy · doi:10.1080/10286632.2025.2510640 · Cited by 6
“As Wolfe (2006: 388) famously argued, ‘settler colonizers come to stay: invasion is a structure not an event’.”
Louie, D. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'éducation · doi:10.53967/cje-rce.6325 · Cited by 5
“The imposition of Western democratic traditions in Indigenous spaces that have their own histories of complex and functioning democratic principles (Crows-hoe & Manneschmidt, 2002; Fiske & Patrick, 2000) mutates what was once a cultural knowledge (democratic voting) into a colonial practice (imposition of the chief an…”
BackgroundExplosive legacies: Gaza and colonial aphasia
Gunaratnam, Y. (2025) · The Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00380261251333918 · Cited by 8
On Colonial Past and Present in Sápmi
Össbo, Å. (2025) · Journal of Northern Studies · doi:10.36368/jns.v17i1.1231 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolfe, P.
- Corresponding author
- Wolfe, Patrick
- Venue
- Journal of Genocide Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 387-409
- ISSN
- 1462-3528 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9494
- OpenAlex
- W2018276495
- Cited by
- 6,491
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 580 · 2025: 873 · 2024: 682 · 2023: 696 · 2022: 623 · 2021: 724 · 2020: 614 · 2019: 554 · 2018: 364 · 2017: 213 · 2016: 154 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 155 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 27.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Genocide Research (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law
- Keywords
- settler colonialism, genocide, land dispossession
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