The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Virtual, augmented and mixed reality in K–12 education: a review of the literature
Abstract
This article provides the first review of the existing literature consolidating research into the use of virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies within K–12 educational environments. The review explores the peer-reviewed scholarly studies conducted between 2006 and May 2017, which involved the use of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) or mixed reality (MR) technologies in the instruction of students in elementary, middle or high school. The literature revealed common themes including collaboration, communication, critical thinking, attitude, engagement, learning, motivation, performance or achievement, and technology (used or proposed). This literature review will contribute to the field by providing clarity on definitions for VR, AR and MR technologies in consideration of educational use, present an overview of the existing research on VR, AR and MR specific to K–12 educational environments and identify future research needs and directions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Azuma, R. T. (1997) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355 · Cited by 10,121
Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education
Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., & Liang, J.-C. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024 · Cited by 2,674
Akçayır, M., & Akçayır, G. (2017) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2016.11.002 · Cited by 2,463
Merchant, Z., Goetz, E. T., Cifuentes, L., Keeney-Kennicutt, W., & Davis, T. J. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.07.033 · Cited by 2,109
Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/00220272.2012.668938 · Cited by 1,561
Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications
Carmigniani, J., Furht, B., Anisetti, M., Ceravolo, P., Damiani, E., & Ivkovic, M. (2011) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-010-0660-6 · Cited by 1,547
Dunleavy, M., Dede, C., & Mitchell, R. (2009) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-008-9119-1 · Cited by 1,458
Time to challenge the spurious hierarchy of systematic over narrative reviews?
Greenhalgh, T., Thorne, S., & Malterud, K. (2018) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.12931 · Cited by 1,267
Impact of an augmented reality system on students' motivation for a visual art course
Di Serio, Á., Ibáñez, M. B., & Kloos, C. D. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.002 · Cited by 1,210
Adding value: Learning communities and student engagement
Zhao, C.-M., & Kuh, G. D. (2004) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1023/b:rihe.0000015692.88534.de · Cited by 1,198
Cited by
Mhlongo, S., Mbatha, K., Ramatsetse, B., & Dlamini, R. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16348 · Cited by 337
Signaling in virtual reality influences learning outcome and cognitive load
Albus, P., Vogt, A., & Seufert, T. (2021) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104154 · Cited by 319
Media comparison studies dominate comparative research on augmented reality in education
Buchner, J., & Kerres, M. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104711 · Cited by 133
Tangible digital twin with shared visualization for collaborative air traffic management operations
Chen, K., Nadirsha, T. N. M., Lilith, N., Alam, S., & Svensson, Å. (2024) · Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2024.104546 · Cited by 24
Silseth, K., Steier, R., & Arnseth, H. C. (2024) · International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning · doi:10.1007/s11412-023-09413-0 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Maas, M. J., & Hughes, J. M.
- Venue
- Technology, Pedagogy and Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-03-13
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-249
- ISSN
- 0962-029X (ISSN-L)
- 1475-939X
- 1747-5139
- OpenAlex
- W3011587542
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 64
- FWCI
- 17.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Virtual, augmented and mixed reality in K–12 education: a review of the literature. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/1475939x.2020.1737210
- The paper
- Maas, M. J., & Hughes, J. M. (2020). Virtual, augmented and mixed reality in K–12 education: a review of the literature. Technology, Pedagogy and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939x.2020.1737210
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.