Measuring Narrative Engagement

“This result has emerged in studies that have used Green and Brock’s (2000) transportation scale as well as other measures of narratives’ capacity to provide absorbing experiences (e.g., Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; Kuijpers, Hakemulder, Tan, & Doicaru, 2014).”

“The evaluation focuses on three key aspects: video comprehension, spatial presence [11], and narrative engagement [3].”

“…have established that within the human–computer interaction (HCI) framework, user engagement with a platform works multidimensionally, given that these users might encounter psychological or behavioral challenges when using social media features (Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009; Oh et al., 2018).”

“MR expands these dimensions by incorporating temporal presence, narrative presence, and dramatic presence, deep-ening engagement with time, storytelling, and unfolding events [23, 29, 77, 123, 127, 129, 142].”

“47 For migrant populations, culturally sensitive interventions are not only beneficial but essential to ensure appropriate and effective care regardless of their cultural or linguistic background.”

“While Busselle and Bilandzic (2009) recognize that narrative engagement involves a process of narrative understanding (e.g., “At points, I had a hard time making sense of what was going on in the program,” with negative wording), our focus differs significantly.”

“Narratives can create experiential engagement [28], and engagement is something that can be designed for [110].”

“Specific narratives reflecting the characteristics of a particular population facilitate effective modeling, a technique widely used in various psychological therapy contexts [90] and reported to enhance user engagement [91].”

“Audiences do not merely feel concern for the character’s wellbeing (i.e., sympathy), but also experience empathetic emotions that are conso - nant with those of the character (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009 ; Tal-Or & Cohen, 2010 ).”

“This process allows people to identify and perspective-take with the reality and meanings of the storyteller ’ s experience with racism (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; Murphy et al., 2013).”

“The relationship between presence and similar concepts such as flow (Sherry, 2004), transportation (Green & Brock, 2000), or narrative engagement (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; Busselle & Vierrether, 2022) remains unclear (Hartmann et al., 2016).”

“The Busselle and Bilandzic (2009) narrative scale was used to measure this variable.”

“Moreover, comics have been recognized for their engaging nature and ability to render complex information comprehensible, appealing hard to involve audiences (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; Graesser et al., 2002; Moyer-Gusé et al., 2011; Norton, 2003; Tatalovic, 2009; Tribull, 2017).”

“Some dimensions describe general experience with the narrative, while other dimensions might be specific to the processing of the storyline, or to the in-story character [8, 12, 19].”

“Viewers’ emotional engagement with characters is a core component of the narrative engagement experience (Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009).”

“Due to the lack of story details, simple exemplars may be insufficient to activate transportation as it hinges on a mental simulation of the story events and scenes (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009).”

“However, empathy for digital content involves the emotional engagement of a viewer with a character in a causal and probable narrative [5].”

“(1995) ideas about narrative fiction as a type of mimetic simulation and Busselle and Bilandzic’s (2009) four-factor narrative engagement model.”

“Trata-se de um projeto piloto de tipo quantitativo-qualitativo baseado na escala mneq (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009) que permite avaliar e comparar a experiência de visionado de um relato narrativo mediante apresentação em realidade virtual e diferentes tipos de ecrãs bidimensionais a um m´nimo de…”

“Narrative engagement: It was assessed with a scale developed and validated in previous studies (Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009; Green and Brock, 2000; Tal-Or and Cohen, 2010, and Williams et al., 2010).”

“Narrative engagement In order to capture the processing of the experimental narrative in more detail, a second measure of participants’ immersion into the story world was assessed by using the Narrative Engagement scale (Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009).”

“In turn, a narrative’s realism can influence how easily audiences are transported into the world of the story (R. Busselle & Bilandzic, 2008; R. W. Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; Caputo & Rouner, 2011; Hall, 2003).”

“We label this finding under Additional Transportation and Story-World , both sub-dimensions of Narrative Presence [5].”

“…The extent to which respondents felt involved with the narrative presented by political commentators was measured utilizing six items identified by Busselle and Bilandzic (2009) to measure narrative involvement and seven items identified by Green and Brock (2000) to evaluate transportation.”

“22,57 Consistent with these mechanisms, applied research in health and public communication further indicates that narrative framing is linked to higher perceived credibility and interpersonal warmth, largely through emotional engagement and social identification.”

“Narrative transportation, the extent to which one becomes engaged, transported, or immersed in a narrative, influences the narrative’s potential to affect subsequent story-related attitudes and beliefs (56, 59).”

“The level of narrative engagement is consequential for enjoyment and adoption of story-consistent attitudes and beliefs (Busselle and Bilandzic 2009).”

“When transported into a story, a person can experience emotions and change attitudes or beliefs (Anaza et al., 2020), which can improve narrative engagement defined as “ the experience of engaging with a narrative ” (Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009, p. 322).”

“…provide a dynamical systems explanation for the recurrence of a small number of brain states over time: attractors correspond to brain states, the positions of these attractors are constrained by the brain ’ s functional network organization, and neural dynamics unfold along this attractor…”

“Then they completed the Narrative Engagement Questionnaire (NEQ) by Busselle and Bilandzic (2009), with the questions presented in a randomized order.”

“Specifically, in digital games, as players become more immersed in the game narrative, they pay greater attention to the in‐game activities such as their interaction with the non‐player characters (NPCs) and less attention to the world outside the game (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009).”

“To assess cultural presence, we drew on and expanded the items from Busselle and Bilandzic (2009).”

“Narrative engagement can be described as a mental reconstruction of the narratives (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009).”

“…them together using a mental models perspective where meaning is ‘ created by combining information from the text with knowledge [the audience member] already possesses about life in general as well as about the speci fi c topic and genre of the narrative ’ (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009, p. 322).”

“Narrative engagement , characterized by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral involvement with a story, plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors (Busselle and Bilandzic 2009; Cohen 2001).”

“Las preguntas fueron tomadas y adaptadas de trabajos sobre persuasión narrativa (Busselle y Bilandzic, 2009; Green y Brock, 2000; Green et al ., 2004; Green et al ., 2008; Tal-Or y Cohen, 2016; Van Laer et al ., 2014), implicación con los personajes (Sood y Rogers, 2000; Sood, 2002) o valoración de…”

“In this study, we aimed to understand the differences in user immersion and emotion regarding conversational situations and gaze expressions Since this study involved a 2-factor, repeated-measures, within-subject design, we conducted the analysis using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA…”

“Losing access to some real-world facts, when immersed in a narrative, people are thus more prone to accept the story world that the author has created, being less likely to counterargue what the story asserts (see also Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009).”

“Identification with the testimonial character in the anti-smoking PSA was measured by 10 items ( α = .96, M = 5.18, SD = 1.33) from Busselle and Bilandzic (2009) and Cohen (2001).”

“Emotional engagement has been shown to influence persuasive outcomes of narratives (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; de Graaf et al., 2009), including inspiring pro-environmental beliefs and behavior following exposure to environmental messages (Nabi et al., 2018; Ojala, 2012).”

“Literature has explained this condition using various terms, such as transportation (Green & Brock, 2000), narrative engagement (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009), and empathy (Escalas & Stern, 2003, 2007).”

“It is well known that stories are able to convey a wealth of conceptual information to large audiences, keeping listeners attentive and often also entertained (Boyd, 2009; Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; Green et al., 2002; Schank, 1995).”

“While narratives have been found to be particularly engaging and can keep audiences’ cognitive resources heavily occupied in a mental simulation of the story world (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009), adding a story plot to the 360-degree video ad may make the ad exposure particularly taxing for consumers.”

“Even though the transportation experience is multidimensional (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009), involving attentional focus, vivid image, and emotional engagement, some dimensions are more important and influential for persuasive effects to take place (De Graaf et al., 2011).”

“In addition to impacting the enjoyment, engagement affects the social construction of reality (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009) because it produces greater consistency in the attitudes and thoughts derived from the narratives and less resistance to the arguments presented by them (Green & Brock, 2000).”

“Much of the recent research in media psychology has focused on the processes that occur while watching or reading a narrative text (e.g., Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; Moyer-Gusé & Nabi, 2010).”

“…on transportation, narrative and attitude change occurs with narratives across mediums, including text (Gerrig, 1993; Green & Brock, 2000) film (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; Dal Cin et al., 2004), television dramas (Slater et al., 2006), and public service announcements (Tal-Or, Boninger,…”

“…& Brock, 2000)。随着微电影、网络 视频广告、电影广告植入等新媒体的发展, 叙事 传输对人们态度的影响机制已经成为一个重要的 研究问题。 回顾近 10年以来有关叙事传输的文献, 本文 首先对叙事传输的信息加工模式—— 叙事加工 进行了界定, 详细描述了叙事传输的概念及相关 理论的联系和区别; 然后重点辨析了叙事传输与 分析加工模式的区别, 进一步探讨叙事传输的影 响因素。最后, 根据叙事传输与其他相关决策概 念的关系, 我们提出了在决策领域关于叙事传输 的研究命题。 1 叙事加工(Narrative Processing) 叙事加工是一种信息处理方式。研究者认为,…”

“…belangrijke kandidaat voor het verklaren van de persuasieve kracht van verhalen omdat in eerdere onderzoeken een sterke relatie gerapporteerd werd tussen dergelijke emoties en de uiteindelijke attitudes van de proefpersonen (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; De Graaf, Hoeken, Sanders & Beentjes, 2009).”

“Also, very much in line with Busselle & Bilandzic (2009), we would argue that engagement is a complex process that requires something else: comprehension.”

“…generation but an immersive experience of a living character : an agent whose behavior remains coherent and responsive as the interaction unfolds, sustaining the user’s narrative engagement (Green and Brock, 2000; Ryan, 2003, 2008; Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009) with the figure being portrayed.”

“Most measures of attentional focus rely on self-reports and surveys (e.g., Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009 ; Green & Brock, 2000 ), yielding a static, aggregate measure of the overall viewing experience after it has taken place.”

“In narrative psychology, sharing emotions with characters is referred to as identification (e.g. Busselle and Bilandzic 2009; Cohen 2001).”

“…to a state of absorbed, enjoyable, and sustained attention during meaningful stimulation, commonly indexed behaviorally as subjective ratings (Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009; Kuijpers et al., 2014; Herrmann and Johnsrude, 2020b; Mathiesen et al., 2024) or neurally as intersubject correlation…”

“Involvement with the story world, commonly dubbed transportation (Green & Brock, 2000) or narrative engagement (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009), results from audiences’ commitment of mental resources into comprehending the narrative plot.”

“…has been shown to serve as an important mediator for narrative effects across many studies (Tukachinsky & Tokunaga, 2013; van Laer et al., 2014), the dimension of narrative engagement that often leads to attitude change is emotional engagement (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009; de Graaf et al., 2009).”