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Cited by 405Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderMental Health Treatment and Access

The Prevalence of ADHD, ODD, Depression, and Anxiety in a Community Sample of 4-Year-Olds

Lavigne, John V., LeBailly, Susan A., Hopkins, Joyce, Gouze, Karen R., Binns, Helen J.·2009·Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
DOI 10.1080/15374410902851382
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Abstract

Few studies have examined the epidemiology of preschoolers' psychopathology. This study included 796 4-year-old children recruited from schools and pediatric practices in a diverse, urban area. Psychiatric disorder was assessed by a structured interview adapted for preschool children and by questionnaire. The most common disorders were oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depressive disorders were reported in less than 1% of the sample. Race/ethnicity differences were not significant. Gender differences showed ADHD-inattentive type more common among boys, with no gender differences for GAD, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, separation anxiety disorder, or ODD at any level of impairment. The overall comorbidity rate was 6.4%. Approximately 3% of individuals receiving a diagnosis had received mental health services.

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Crossref · 10.1080/15374410902851382

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  • The vast majority of people with ADHD, both child and adult, have a comorbid psychiatric disorder.

    “The first challenge is related to the clinical complexity of the cases themselves; the vast majority of people with ADHD, both child and adult, have a comorbid psychiatric disorder [122-125].”

    From Advances in understanding and treating ADHD (2011) · cites this paper as [125]

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Authors
Lavigne, J. V., LeBailly, S. A., Hopkins, J., Gouze, K. R., & Binns, H. J.
Affiliations
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • Lurie Children's Hospital (US)
  • Illinois Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author
Lavigne, John V.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2009-05-19
Volume
38
Issue
3
Pages
315-328
ISSN
  • 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-4424
DOI
10.1080/15374410902851382
OpenAlex
W2107876359
Cited by
404
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 26
FWCI
26.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH063665)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, anxiety, preschool children, prevalence, comorbidities, gender differences, racial and ethnic differences, mental health service utilization, separation anxiety disorder, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder
MeSH terms
Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Preschool, Community Mental Health Services, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Dysthymic Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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