Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Dulcan, Mina

doi:10.1097/00004583-199710001-00007

Cited by 628Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderBehavioral and Psychological StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Dulcan, Mina·1997·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1097/00004583-199710001-00007

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Abstract

These practice parameters review the literature on children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are three types of ADHD: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. Together, they occur in as many as 10% of boys and 5% of girls of elementary school age. Prevalence declines with age, although up to 65% of hyperactive children are still symptomatic as adults. Frequency in adults is estimated to be 2% to 7%. Assessment includes clinical interviews and standardized rating scales from parents and teachers. Testing of intelligence and academic achievement usually are required. Comorbidity is common. The cornerstones of treatment are support and education of parents, appropriate school placement, and pharmacology. The primary medications are psychostimulants, but antidepressants and alpha-adrenergic agonists are used in special circumstances. Other treatments such as behavior modification, school consultation, family therapy, and group therapy address remaining symptoms.

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Stimulants are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for ADHD, and their safety and efficacy have been well documented.
“Stimulants are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Their safety and efficacy have been well documented [1-3].”
From A 13-hour laboratory school study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2009) · cites this paper as [2]

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Authors: Dulcan, M.
Affiliations: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (US)
Corresponding author: Dulcan, Mina
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1997-10
Volume: 36
Issue: 10
Pages: 85S-121S
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199710001-00007
OpenAlex: W2113181557
Cited by: 628
References: 426
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 17.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD assessment, ADHD treatment, ADHD subtypes, prevalence, comorbidities, parent education, school placement, psychostimulants, antidepressants, alpha-adrenergic agonists, behavior modification, family therapy, group therapy, children, adolescents, adults
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

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Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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