The DOI matches its Crossref record; 137 of the 137 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 145 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this research was to update the Pelham and Fabiano (2008 Pelham , W. E. , & Fabiano , G. A. ( 2008 ). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 37 , 184 – 214 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) review of evidence-based practices for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We completed a systematic review of the literature published between 2007 and 2013 to establish levels of evidence for psychosocial treatments for these youth. Our review included the identification of relevant articles using criteria established by the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (see Southam-Gerow & Prinstein, in press Southam-Gerow , M. A. , & Prinstein , M. J. ( in press ). Evidence base updates: The evolution of the evaluation of psychological treatments for children and adolescents . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology . [Google Scholar]) using keyword searches and a review of tables of contents. We extend the conceptualization of treatment research by differentiating training interventions from behavior management and by reviewing the growing literature on training interventions. Consistent with the results of the previous review we conclude that behavioral parent training, behavioral classroom management, and behavioral peer interventions are well-established treatments. In addition, organization training met the criteria for a well-established treatment. Combined training programs met criteria for Level 2 (Probably Efficacious), neurofeedback training met criteria for Level 3 (Possibly Efficacious), and cognitive training met criteria for Level 4 (Experimental Treatments). The distinction between behavior management and training interventions provides a method for considering meaningful differences in the methods and possible mechanisms of action for treatments for these youth. Characteristics of treatments, participants, and measures, as well as the variability in methods for classifying levels of evidence for treatments, are reviewed in relation to their potential effect on outcomes and conclusions about treatments. Implications of these findings for future science and practice are discussed.
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115 Not checked yet · 34 Own interpretation · 14 No basis given · 7 Own method · 7 Own result
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In the paper
“Combined training programs met criteria for Level 2 (Probably Efficacious)”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“cognitive training met criteria for Level 4 (Experimental Treatments).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“neurofeedback training met criteria for Level 3 (Possibly Efficacious)”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, organization training met the criteria for a well-established treatment.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
“one of the Training Interventions, organization training, met these criteria.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Abstract > Results
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because very few studies (n=3) included an analysis of moderating or mediating variables, the results of such analyses are briefly reviewed in the Results and Discussion sections but not presented in Table 3.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Six studies that meet the EBT Evaluation Criteria for this review have been published since the last review.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is noteworthy that 5 of these 6 studies of BPT evaluated unique adaptations of the structure of BPT (e.g., single session; phone session) to better address the needs of a unique group of individuals who do not typically attend BPT (e.g., single mothers, fathers).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“All of the BPT programs focused on behavior management procedures that are consistent with those that achieved well-established status such as the Community-Oriented Parenting Education (COPE) program (Cunningham, Bremner, & Secord-Gilbert, 1993) and the Defiant Children program, Second Edition (Barkley, 1997).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cunningham, Bremner, & Secord-Gilbert, 1993
- Not checked yetcites Barkley, 1997
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the last review, there were two published studies that meet the EBT Evaluation Criteria for the current review.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Mothers participating in the STEPP program reported improvements in their children's oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms and functioning (i.e., parent-child relations; family functioning) relative to traditional BPT services and to no treatment.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chacko et al.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 59
- Probably not a substantial claim. 19
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with the results of the previous review we concluded that behavioral parent training, behavioral classroom management and behavioral peer interventions were well-established treatments.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Abstract > Results
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The investigators reported little difference between traditional BPT and COACHES in father and mother ratings of child symptoms except that fathers in the COACHES program reported greater perceived improvement in their child's behavior, relative to fathers in the traditional BPT program (Fabiano et al., 2009).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2009
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some limitations of these studies include an over-reliance on ratings of outcomes from those receiving services (i.e., parents), a low number of participants from minority groups (see Chacko et al. for an exception), and an exclusive focus on elementary school-age children.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Fabiano and colleagues (2009; 2012) as well as Chacko and colleagues (2009) evaluated an enhanced BPT to address the needs of a specific population (i.e., fathers, single mothers) and reported that the adapted version of BPT was equivalent, and in the case of some outcomes, better than the standard well-established version.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2012
- Not checked yetcites Chacko et al., 2009
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the second study of COACHES (Fabiano et al., 2012) the investigators reported improvements over a waitlist group in observed rates of fathers’ making positive and negative statements to their child and in fathers’ ratings of child behavior.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CHP has been evaluated in two randomized controlled studies since 2008, but not by two independent research teams.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Combined Training
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Of the well-established treatments, only the organization training included one study targeting adolescents and these were young adolescents (Langberg et al., 2012; ages 11 – 14).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Langberg et al., 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“when we conduct treatment development and evaluation research in schools, we are frequently introducing school mental health professionals (counselors and social workers) to the basic techniques involved in cognitive behavioral therapy and behavioral parent training, for the first time.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Implications for Practice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“both studies of cognitive training (Beck et al., 2010; van der Oord, et al., in press) reported gains across parent ratings of symptoms, mixed improvements across parent ratings of executive functioning, and only one instance of improvement out of multiple comparisons of teacher ratings of symptoms and executive functioning.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Method for Classifying Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beck et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites van der Oord, et al., in press
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It highlights the innovations that have occurred in the last five years including innovations to existing well-established treatments to reach new populations, an increase in research on adolescents and preschool children with ADHD, and the development of a new category of interventions (i.e., Training Interventions).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Implications for Practice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Further, although many behavioral interventions focus on changing functional impairment, Sonuga-Barke and colleagues’ relied solely upon ratings of ADHD symptoms as the outcome variable.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Criteria for Evaluating Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“neurofeedback and cognitive training do not involve manipulating contingencies in the environments where the behavior change is intended to occur.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Approach to Updated Review
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The only differences between the presently employed criteria and those used in the 2008 special issue are minor wording changes that should not change the classification of the research (Southam-Gerow & Prinstein, in press).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Criteria for Evaluating Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Southam-Gerow & Prinstein, in press
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other reviews published since 2008 have reported similar findings about BPT, BCM, and BPI-R (e.g., Fabiano, Pelham, Coles, Gnagy, Chronis-Tuscano & O'Connor, 2009; Owens, Storer & Girio-Herrera, 2011; Sadler & Evans, 2011), but some have reached very different conclusions (Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Owens et al., 2011
- Not checked yetcites Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“a recent review and meta-analysis by Sonuga-Barke and colleagues (2013) concluded that the mean effect size for ADHD symptoms across well-controlled studies of behavioral interventions for children with ADHD was zero.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Criteria for Evaluating Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“To calculate the mean effect size, Sonuga-Barke et al. excluded studies wherein raters were aware of treatment condition and combined results from very different types of psychosocial interventions.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Criteria for Evaluating Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pelham and Fabiano (2008) evaluated 46 treatment studies and sorted the interventions into one of three categories: behavioral parent training (BPT), behavioral classroom management (BCM), and behavioral peer interventions (BPI).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pelham and Fabiano (2008)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“BM treatments are intended to lead to behavior change by manipulating contingencies in the target environment.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Approach to Updated Review
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stokes & Baer, 1977
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“TIs lead to behavior change by improving the skill set of the child and either hoping for generalization (Stokes & Baer, 1977) (e.g., cognitive training interventions) or providing reinforcement and punishment in the training setting for behavior change that occurs outside of that setting.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Approach to Updated Review
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stokes & Baer, 1977
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Outcomes may depend on the construct chosen as an outcome variable of interest (e.g., symptoms or functional impairment), on the way in which such construct of interest is defined and measured (e.g., objective vs. subjective measurement or informant type), and whether or not informants are aware of the treatment condition (Jadad et al., 1996).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Characteristics Affecting Outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jadad et al., 1996
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, these criteria have not been used consistently in other reviews, contributing to inconsistent conclusions across studies.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Criteria for Evaluating Treatments
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Consistent with the 1998 review, BPT and BCM met criteria for well-established treatments for ADHD.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pelham and Fabiano (2008)
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“characteristics of measurement may also impact outcomes, making it difficult to compare results across studies (De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2009).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Characteristics Affecting Outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2009
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the source of outcome data varies considerably across studies and could influence outcomes depending on a variety of factors.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Characteristics Affecting Outcomes
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the one-session BPT targeting homework compliance and the telephone based BPT represent treatment models that remove barriers to treatment attendance that are commonly found in multi-session clinic-based parent training programs.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“in the 2008 review, only 29 between-group or crossover design studies were included from a period that covered twice as many years as this one.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Method > Procedure
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pelham and Fabiano (2008)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The results of this study demonstrate that the DRC can be feasibly implemented by school-employed classroom teachers to produce meaningful gains in the behavior of students with ADHD.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2010
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To determine which articles to include in our review, we conducted a three-wave procedure.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Method
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, as a result of this criteria, most of the behavioral treatment literature was excluded from consideration and, consequently, the conclusions reached by Sonuga-Barke and colleagues are different from those reached by most other reviews or meta-analytic studies.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Criteria for Evaluating Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using these criteria, 122 studies remained and we coded these studies using the EBT Evaluation Criteria.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Method > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These studies indicate that adaptations of traditional BPT engages individuals not typically served while maintaining the treatment gains of BPT.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Our review is based on 21 studies that were published since October 2007, met the five EBT Evaluation Criteria, and were not included in the previous review by Pelham and Fabiano (2008)”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pelham and Fabiano (2008)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, relative to the traditional BCM condition, children with ADHD in MOSAIC were significantly less rejected by their peers and had more reciprocated friendships”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mikami et al., 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Results indicated that the DRC + consultation services condition led to statistically significant improvements in classroom rule violations and teacher ratings of ODD/conduct disorder symptoms, classroom behavior, and academic productivity, as well as teacher-rated improvement on behavior goals compared to the business as usual condition.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2010
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 122 articles, 101 were excluded because they violated at least one of the EBT Evaluation Criteria. Twenty-one met all five criteria and are discussed in detail in our results section below.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Method > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“cognitive training must be considered an experimental treatment per the EBT Evaluation Criteria because although two randomized trials have been conducted, the results are equivocal.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Training Interventions (TI)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Shipstead, Redick & Engle, 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pelham and Fabiano (2008) noted that some studies, such as the MTA, included a combination of BPT, BCM, and/or BPI preventing them from reaching conclusions about the degree to which each treatment individually contributed to outcomes.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pelham & Fabiano, 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Investigators reported benefits for the group receiving neurofeedback training on parent ratings of ADHD and ODD symptoms, aggression, and the total score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Training Interventions (TI)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gevensleben et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Goodman, 1997
plaindirectn = 102- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This innovative intervention extends the research on BCM to include the manipulation of subtle behavior management techniques and outcomes related to peer acceptance.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mikami et al., 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Variables that did not moderate the outcomes included child sex, learning disability status, medication status, and receipt of school services.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Langberg et al., 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Of note, parents and teachers were unaware of treatment condition, reducing the possibility of rater bias in the results.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Training Interventions (TI)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gevensleben et al., 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To the extent that cognitive ability and income may influence outcomes and/or parent involvement (e.g., Owens et al., 2003; Rieppi et al., 2002)”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Owens et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Rieppi et al., 2002
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants recruited from clinic settings are likely to have parents attending the clinic with them and parental presence indicates a degree of involvement and resources that are not always present among families recruited from the community.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, organization training has been evaluated by two independent research teams with both demonstrating statistically significant benefits over a waitlist or no treatment control condition.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Organization Training
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Given that Abikoff and colleagues (2013) reported success with their organization TI with elementary school aged children, and that both parents and teachers observed the success”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of the Interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Abikoff et al., 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Based on the extensive literature on BM approaches with young children prior to 2008, Pelham and Fabiano concluded that these approaches were well-established for this age group and these two studies add to that evidence.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pelham & Fabiano, 2008
- Not checked yetcites Kern et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites Webster-Stratton et al., 2011
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Attendance at parent training sessions was much higher in this study than in the Kern and colleague's study (mean percentage attendance 93 [mothers] & 85 [fathers]) and the mean age of the sample was approximately 11 months older.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Webster-Stratton et al., 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The CHP is a school-based treatment program for adolescents with ADHD that targets impairment related to organization (see above), academic skills, and social functioning.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Combined Training
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Evans et al., 2011
- Not checked yetcites Molina et al., 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Results indicated that HOPS produced significantly better parent (but not teacher) ratings of organization, homework, and family conflict and these gains were maintained at three month follow-up.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Organization Training
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Langberg et al., 2012
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In both the Fabiano et al. and Chacko et al. studies, modified BPT did not yield notably better outcomes than traditional BPT, but did result in better engagement and satisfaction of fathers and single mothers, respectively, than traditional BPT.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of the Interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano et al., 2012
- Not checked yetcites Chacko et al., 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The average family income was approximately $45,000 in the Evans et al. study and Langberg et al. reported that more than half of their families had incomes less than $75,000 per year (15% had less than $25,000).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Evans et al., 2011
- Not checked yetcites Langberg et al., 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is an extensive literature demonstrating treatment effects for the Incredible Years Program, and little to no evidence supporting the efficacy of a child focused training intervention.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Participants in the Power et al. (2012) study were also recruited from a clinic and the socioeconomic status of 98% of the participants was in the middle to high range.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Power et al., 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The results obtained by Evans et al. revealed significant benefits in teacher ratings of academic and classroom functioning and parent ratings of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Combined Training
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Evans et al., 2011
plaindirectn = 31- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Molina et al.'s results indicated significant improvements in parent ratings of internalizing symptoms, delinquency and school adjustment.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Combined Training
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Molina et al., 2008
hedgeddirectn = 11- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Gevensleben et al. (2009) reported beneficial effects of neurofeedback training that are equivalent to outcomes reported in studies of well-established behavioral treatments (e.g., Cohen's d range from .30 to .64).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of the Interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gevensleben et al., 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“participants in the Abikoff et al. (2013) study were recruited at a clinic and had an average IQ estimate of 113.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Abikoff et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In these studies the average IQ estimate was 95 and 98, respectively.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Evans et al., 2011
- Not checked yetcites Langberg et al., 2012
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we are not aware of evidence that the gap is meaningfully shrinking.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Implications for Practice
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Change in symptoms is related to change in impairment, but there are large differences when considering children improved on one or the other (Owens, Johannes & Karpenko, 2009).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Method for Classifying Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Owens, Johannes & Karpenko, 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“conducting enough observations to obtain valid indices of outcomes, tracking infrequent behavior, costs of observers, and measuring constructs that are not easily observable (e.g., reciprocal peer relationships) make it difficult to rely on observations.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Measurement
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Studies show that without supervision and accountability, clinicians drift and adherence to best practices diminish (Schoenwald, Henggeler, Brondino & Rowland, 2000).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Implications for Practice
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schoenwald, Henggeler, Brondino & Rowland, 2000
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This lack of training may be related to the lack of accountability for practitioners to provide evidence-based practices.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Implications for Practice
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: In many systems of care, including schools and clinics, there is no direct accountability on individual clinicians to provide evidence-based practices with integrity.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The criteria used in the present review considers demonstrating equivalence to another well-established treatment as evidence supporting the efficacy of an intervention, whereas the criteria employed by Sonuga-Barke et al. did not”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Method for Classifying Treatments
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The outcome measure criterion used in this study indicates that an outcome measure must be reliable, valid and gauge the problems targeted (see M4 in Table 1).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Method for Classifying Treatments
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“it has been recommended that investigators take a multi-source and multi-method approach to assessing the constructs that are intended to change as a function of a treatment (AAP, Subcommittee on ADHD, 2011)”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Measurement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites AAP, Subcommittee on ADHD, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“direct observations have many limitations including expense and time (see Pelham, Fabiano & Massetti, 2005).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Measurement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pelham, Fabiano & Massetti, 2005
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“there has been an increased reliance on effect sizes during the last decade as well as on the use of indices of clinically significant change (Jacobson & Truax, 1991).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Method for Classifying Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jacobson & Truax, 1991
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“De Los Reyes and Kazdin (2006; 2009) describe the difficulties associated with comparing inconsistent findings obtained on the same outcome measure across studies, as well as inconsistent findings obtained within the same study across outcome measures”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Method for Classifying Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Los Reyes and Kazdin (2006; 2009)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“systems like these used to track organization, may not be possible when assessing some of the constructs targeted in treatments for children with ADHD (e.g., social functioning).”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Measurement
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it may be that the professional silos providing the greatest obstacle to consistent implementation of evidence-based practices are those between science, policy and practice and not necessarily those between disciplines.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Implications for Practice
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the Fabiano and colleagues (2009) study compared the modified BPT program for fathers (COACHES) to a standard BPT condition and this study was excluded by Sonuga-Barke and colleagues due to “no appropriate control”.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Method for Classifying Treatments
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fabiano and colleagues (2009)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Briesch and colleagues (2010) reported that 3-5 observations either within or across days are needed to assess task engagement at school in order to obtain dependable estimates of the target behavior.”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Discussion > Characteristics of Measurement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Briesch and colleagues (2010)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The quality principles used to judge outcome measures are valid for determining levels of evidence for psychosocial treatments.
“outcome measures assessing change in functioning were considered to be of greater importance than measures assessing symptoms”
“ratings provided by informants who were not involved in the treatment were considered to be of higher quality than ratings provided by informants who were involved in treatment”
The paper relies on this without support.
Despite variability in how effect sizes were calculated, the effect sizes can support qualitative classification of treatments.
“Given the variability in how effect sizes were calculated, readers should not attempt to make direct comparisons across studies.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Training interventions produce changes in competencies that persist over time and across settings.
“It is important to note that there is an assumption that training interventions produce change in competencies that will persist over time and across settings, given that these interventions are not context-specific as are traditional behavioral interventions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Impairments are the primary reasons that parents pursue treatments for their child.
“impairments are the primary reasons that parents pursue treatments for their child.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In many systems of care, including schools and clinics, there is no direct accountability on individual clinicians to provide evidence-based practices with integrity.
“In many systems of care, including schools and clinics, there is no direct accountability on individual clinicians to provide evidence-based practices with integrity.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Generally, these interventions focus on training a single domain of cognitive functioning in children with ADHD, such as working memory (WM), inhibition, or cognitive flexibility.”
From Improving Executive Functioning in Children with ADHD: Training Multiple Executive Functions within the Context of a Computer Game. A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial (2015) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Executive functions (EFs) training interventions aimed at ADHD-symptom reduction have yielded mixed results.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Behavior Management (BM)
“We identified six studies that reported the results of treatments that combine aspects of BPT, BCM, and/or BPI. Given prior evidence supporting BPT and BCM, it is not surprising that these studies reported numerous benefits for the combined treatment relative to a no treatment condition or to an active psychosocial support intervention (Abikoff, Gallagher, Wells, Murray, Huang, & Feinham, 2013;”
§ Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder > Results > Organization Training
“Both studies evaluated treatments consisting solely of organization interventions.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Evans, S. W., Owens, J. S., & Bunford, N.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Evans, Steven W.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-11-18
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 527-551
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- PMC
- PMC4025987
- OpenAlex
- W2027756742
- Semantic Scholar
- 780ee58c627d6b2b979d8c3b282da8b9a1ab5ded
- Cited by
- 728
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 38.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH074713)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosocial interventions, evidence-based practice, children and adolescents, behavioral parent training, classroom management, peer intervention, neurofeedback, cognitive training, training program, level of evidence, treatment efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior Therapy, Child, Humans, Parents, Peer Group, Evidence-Based Medicine
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