Evidence Base Update on the Treatment of Early Childhood Anxiety and Related Problems
Abstract
The controlled evaluation of treatments for early childhood anxiety and related problems has been a relatively recent area of investigation, and accordingly, trials examining early childhood anxiety treatment have not been well represented in existing systematic reviews of youth anxiety treatments. This Evidence Base Update provides the first systematic review of evidence supporting interventions specifically for the treatment of early childhood anxiety and related problems. Thirty articles testing 38 treatments in samples with mean age < 7.9 years (N = 2,228 children) met inclusion criteria. We applied Southam-Gerow and Prinstein's (2014) review criteria, which classifies families of treatments according to one of five levels of empirical support-Well-Established, Probably Efficacious, Possibly Efficacious, Experimental, and of Questionable Efficacy. We found family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to be a Well-Established treatment, and Group Parent CBT and Group Parent CBT + Group Child CBT to both be Probably Efficacious treatments. In contrast, play therapy and attachment-based therapy are still only Experimental treatments for early childhood anxiety, relaxation training has Questionable Efficacy, and there is no evidence to date to speak to the efficacy of individual child CBT and/or medication in younger anxious children. All 3 currently supported interventions for early childhood anxiety entail exposure-based CBT with significant parental involvement. This conclusion meaningfully differs from conclusions for treating anxiety in older childhood that highlight the well-established efficacy of individual child CBT and/or medication and that question whether parental involvement in treatment enhances outcomes.
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Particularly for early childhood anxiety, CBT involving parents is reported to be more beneficial for young children than for older children because of their limited language and cognitive competence.
“Particularly for early childhood anxiety, CBT involving parents is reported to be more beneficial for young children than for older children because of their limited language and cognitive competence [32].”
According to previous studies of CBT with parents in young children, family-based CBT in which parents are highly involved is a well-established effective intervention for early childhood anxiety.
“According to previous studies of CBT with parents in young children [32], family-based CBT in which parents are highly involved is a well-established effective intervention for early childhood anxiety.”
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- Authors
- Comer, J. S., Hong, N., Poznanski, B., Silva, K., & Wilson, M.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Comer, Jonathan S.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-01-02
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-15
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- OpenAlex
- W2911076295
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 13.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NIMH, NICHD, NSF, Charles H. Hood Foundation, Andrew Kukes Foundation for Social Anxiety, IOCDF, and PCORI
- Oxford University Press and Macmillan Learning
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- early childhood anxiety, parental involvement, play therapy, attachment-based therapy, relaxation training, treatment efficacy, children aged 7-10
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anxiety, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Psychotherapy, Group, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine
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