Cited by 1,241Sleep and related disordersPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Development of Short Forms From the PROMIS™ Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Item Banks

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Yu, Lan, Buysse, Daniel J., Germain, Anne, Moul, Douglas E., Stover, Angela, Dodds, Nathan E., Johnston, Kelly L., Pilkonis, Paul A.·2012·Behavioral Sleep Medicine

DOI 10.1080/15402002.2012.636266PMC PMC3261577

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Abstract

This article reports on the development of short forms from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS™) Sleep Disturbance (SD) and Sleep-Related Impairment (SRI) item banks. Results from post-hoc computerized adaptive testing (CAT) simulations, item discrimination parameters, item means, and clinical judgments were used to select the best-performing 8 items for SD and SRI. The final 8-item short forms provided less test information than the corresponding full banks, but correlated strongly with the longer forms. The short forms had greater measurement precision than the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), as indicated by larger test information values across the continuum of severity, despite having fewer total items--a major advantage for both research and clinical settings.

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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Method
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Background
Untitled work
(2000) · Cited by 4,106
ESTIMATION OF LATENT ABILITY USING A RESPONSE PATTERN OF GRADED SCORES1
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Method
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Johns, M. (1992) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.4.376 · Cited by 2,193 · cited 1×
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Method
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“A more detailed description of the specific PROMIS analytic framework is available elsewhere (see Reeve et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMethod
Development and validation of patient-reported outcome measures for sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairments
Buysse, D. J., Yu, L., Moul, D. E., Germain, A., Stover, A., Dodds, N. E., Johnston, K. L., Shablesky-Cade, M. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2010) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.6.781 · Cited by 850 · cited 3×
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“…Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain [21], the 4-item Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form (PROMIS-SF) Pain Interference [22], the 4-item PROMIS-SF Physical Function [23], the 4-item PROMIS-SF Sleep Disturbance [24], and other relevant care notes.”
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“…(Stewart and Ware, 1992) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance scale, Adult Short Form 8a (PROMIS-SD) (Yu et al., 2012) were administered pre-COVID and during COVID-19, to assess domains of general health and sleep disturbances, respectively.”
Method
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Influential
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“This short form also shows strong validity and reliability (Yu et al. 2012).”
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“Sleep disturbance was assessed using a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Sleep Disturbance score [25].”
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Flora, S. M., Knowlden, A. P., & Slaven, S. (2025) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2025.2529798 · Cited by 1
“…morbidity (via General Health Questionnaire 12 [Pevalin, 2000]) [Monk et al., 1994]) ● Feasibility (via enrollment and completion rates) (Yu et al., 2011), fatigue (Lai et al., 2011), anxiety, depression, anger (Pilkonis et al., 2011), emotional support, social isolation, satisfaction…”
Prospective Associations Among Loneliness and Health for Servicemembers: Perceived Helplessness and Negative Coping Appraisal as Explanatory Mechanisms
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“Past 30-day sleep disturbance was assessed via the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS; Yu et al., 2012); the current analyses were specifically focused on insomnia symptoms and dissatisfaction with sleep.”
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“Sleep quality was measured using the PROMIS scale with 8 items on a five-point Likert scale format ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much) with directions stating, “Please select the answer that best reflects your sleep from last night” (Yu et al., 2011).”
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Authors: Yu, L., Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Moul, D. E., Stover, A., Dodds, N. E., Johnston, K. L., & Pilkonis, P. A.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Cleveland Clinic (US)
ORCID: Yu, Lan
Buysse, Daniel J.
Germain, Anne
Moul, Douglas E.
Stover, Angela
Dodds, Nathan E.
Johnston, Kelly L.
Pilkonis, Paul A.
Venue: Behavioral Sleep Medicine
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 6-24
ISSN: 1540-2002 (ISSN-L)
1540-2010
DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2012.636266
PMC: PMC3261577
OpenAlex: W2053601856
Cited by: 1,241
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 140 · 2025: 183 · 2024: 164 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 17.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Behavioral Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U01AR052171, U01AR52186, U01 AR 52177, U01AR52181, U01AR52155, U01AR052186, U01AR52171, U01AR052170, U01AR052158, U01AR52170, U01AR052155, U01AR052177, U01AR52158, U01AR052181)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: PROMIS, sleep disorders, sleep-related impairment, short form, item bank, computerized adaptive testing, test information function, item discrimination, patient-reported outcomes, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, measurement precision
MeSH terms: Aged, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Wake Disorders, Reproducibility of Results

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Development of Short Forms From the PROMIS™ Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Item Banks

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