Cited by 1,241Sleep and related disordersPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Development of Short Forms From the PROMIS™ Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Item Banks

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Yu, Lan, Buysse, Daniel J., Germain, Anne, Moul, Douglas E., Stover, Angela, Dodds, Nathan E., Johnston, Kelly L., Pilkonis, Paul A.·2012·Behavioral Sleep Medicine

DOI 10.1080/15402002.2012.636266PMC PMC3261577

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Abstract

This article reports on the development of short forms from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS™) Sleep Disturbance (SD) and Sleep-Related Impairment (SRI) item banks. Results from post-hoc computerized adaptive testing (CAT) simulations, item discrimination parameters, item means, and clinical judgments were used to select the best-performing 8 items for SD and SRI. The final 8-item short forms provided less test information than the corresponding full banks, but correlated strongly with the longer forms. The short forms had greater measurement precision than the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), as indicated by larger test information values across the continuum of severity, despite having fewer total items--a major advantage for both research and clinical settings.

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The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Method
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“The term calibration has various meanings under different contexts ( Angoff, 1971 ; Kolen & Brennan, 2004 ; Linn, 1993 ; Lord, 1980 ; Thissen & Wainer, 2001).”
Background
Untitled work
(2000) · Cited by 4,106
ESTIMATION OF LATENT ABILITY USING A RESPONSE PATTERN OF GRADED SCORES1
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“Using the final item parameters for the SD and SRI banks, the PSQI and ESS were calibrated using the Graded Response Model (GRM; Samejima, 1969), with parameters from SD and SRI fixed.”
Method
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Johns, M. (1992) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.4.376 · Cited by 2,193 · cited 1×
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Method
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“A more detailed description of the specific PROMIS analytic framework is available elsewhere (see Reeve et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMethod
Development and validation of patient-reported outcome measures for sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairments
Buysse, D. J., Yu, L., Moul, D. E., Germain, A., Stover, A., Dodds, N. E., Johnston, K. L., Shablesky-Cade, M. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2010) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.6.781 · Cited by 850 · cited 3×
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BackgroundMethodSelf-citation

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Introducing the Child Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (Child SCOAT6)
Davis, G. A., Patricios, J., Purcell, L. K., Anderson, V. A., Gioia, G. A., Giza, C. C., Yeates, K. O., Ahmed, O. H., Blauwet, C. A., Corwin, D. J., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106858 · Cited by 27
Recommendations for clinical management of excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnoea – A Delphi consensus study
Steier, J., Bogan, R., Cano-Pumarega, I., Fleetham, J., Insalaco, G., Lal, C., Pépin, J., Randerath, W. J., Redline, S., & Malhotra, A. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.001 · Cited by 20
Actigraphically Measured Sleep-Wake Behavior After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case-Control Study
Allan, A. C., Edmed, S. L., Sullivan, K. A., Karlsson, L. J. E., Lange, R. T., & Smith, S. S. (2016) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000222 · Cited by 23
Estimating the Frequency, Severity, and Clustering of SPADE Symptoms in Chronic Painful Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Knoerl, R., Chornoby, Z., & Smith, E. (2018) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2018.01.001 · Cited by 23
“The PROMIS SleepRelated Impairment 8a has been reported to have strong internal consistency reliability and convergent validity (Yu et al., 2012).”
Background
Aircraft Noise Effects on Sleep—Results of a Pilot Study Near Philadelphia International Airport
Basner, M., Witte, M. A., & McGuire, S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16173178 · Cited by 23
“PROMIS Sleep Questions The sociodemographic questionnaire that was filled out once on the first day of the study asked several questions about sleep that were based on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Questionnaire [26].”
Method
A sleep hygiene and yoga intervention conducted in affordable housing communities: Pilot study results and lessons for a future trial
Spadola, C., Rottapel, R. E., Zhou, E. S., Chen, J. T., Guo, N., Khalsa, S. B. S., Redline, S. S., & Bertisch, S. M. (2020) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101121 · Cited by 27
Associations Between Widespread Pain and Sleep Quality in People With HIV
Sabin, C. A., Harding, R., Doyle, N., Redline, S. S., Francesco, D. D., Mallon, P. W. G., Post, F. A., Boffito, M., Sachikonye, M., Geressu, A., et al. (2020) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000002410 · Cited by 23
“We also collected the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System questionnaires for sleep disturbance (PROMIS-SD) and sleep-related impairment (PROMIS-SRI) [18, 19].”
MethodInfluential
Self-Administered Behavioral Skills–Based At-Home Virtual Reality Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Garcia, L. M., Darnall, B. D., Krishnamurthy, P., Mackey, I. G., Sackman, J., Louis, R. G., Maddox, T., & Birckhead, B. J. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/25291 · Cited by 25
“The NIH Physical Function and Sleep Disturbance (PROMIS) [39] short-form measures will be used to assess physical function (version 6b [40]) and sleep disturbance (version 6a [41]) over the past 7 days.”
Mindfulness to enhance quality of life and support advance care planning: a pilot randomized controlled trial for adults with advanced cancer and their family caregivers.
Mosher, C. E., Beck-Coon, K. A., Wu, W., Lewson, A. B., Stutz, P. V., Brown, L. F., Tang, Q., Helft, P. R., Levoy, K., Hickman, S. E., et al. (2024) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-024-01564-7 · Cited by 23
“…Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) [52], the 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance-Short Form [53], the 4-item cognitive avoidance sub-scale of the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (mini-MAC) [38], and the 5-item Peaceful Acceptance…”
Method
Characterization of chronic pain, pain interference, and daily pain experiences in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Alberts, N. M., Leisenring, W. M., Whitton, J. A., Stratton, K. L., Jibb, L., Flynn, J., Pizzo, A., Brinkman, T. M., Birnie, K. A., Gibson, T. M., et al. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003284 · Cited by 22
Design, recruitment outcomes, and sample characteristics of the Strategies for Prescribing Analgesics Comparative Effectiveness (SPACE) trial
Krebs, E. E., Jensen, A., Nugent, S. M., DeRonne, B., Rutks, I. R., Leverty, D., Gravely, A. A., Noorbaloochi, S., Bair, M. J., & Kroenke, K. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.09.003 · Cited by 22
Long-term neurocognitive and quality of life outcomes in survivors of pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant
Wu, N. L., Krull, K. R., Cushing‐Haugen, K. L., Ullrich, N. J., Kadan‐Lottick, N. S., Lee, S. J., & Chow, E. J. (2021) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-021-01063-1 · Cited by 22
Psychosocial and Biological Outcomes of Immersive, Mindfulness-Based Treks in Nature for Groups of Young Adults and Caregivers Affected by Cancer: Results from a Single Arm Program Evaluation from 2016–2021
Victorson, D. E., Doninger, G. L., Victorson, S., Victorson, G., Hall, L., Maletich, C., Corr, B. R., Scortino, K., Burns, Z., Allen, L., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312622 · Cited by 22
Burnout, Professional Fulfillment, Intention to Leave, and Sleep-Related Impairment among Radiology Trainees across the United States (US): A Multisite Epidemiologic Study
Higgins, M. C. S. S., Siddiqui, A. A., Kosowsky, T., Unan, L., Mete, M., Rowe, S. G., & Marchalik, D. (2022) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2022.01.022 · Cited by 22
Multi-Site Observational Study to Assess Biomarkers for Susceptibility or Resilience to Chronic Pain: The Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures (A2CPS) Study Protocol
Berardi, G., Frey‐Law, L., Sluka, K. A., Bayman, E. O., Coffey, C. S., Ecklund, D. J., Vance, C. G. T., Dailey, D. L., Burns, J. W., Buvanendran, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.849214 · Cited by 25
Content validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance and Sleep Related Impairment item banks in adolescents
van Kooten, J. A. M. C., Terwee, C. B., Kaspers, G. J. L., & van Litsenburg, R. R. L. (2016) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0496-5 · Cited by 22
Cross-lagged longitudinal analysis of pain intensity and sleep disturbance
Amtmann, D., Bamer, A. M., Askew, R. L., & Jensen, M. P. (2020) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100908 · Cited by 22
Effect of an Intervention for Obesity and Depression on Patient-Centered Outcomes: An RCT
Rosas, L. G., Azar, K. M. J., Lv, N., Xiao, L., Goldhaber‐Fiebert, J. D., Snowden, M. B., Venditti, E. M., Lewis, M. A., Goldstein‐Piekarski, A. N., & Ma, J. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.11.005 · Cited by 22
“For obesity interventions, a systematic review of 53 trials testing weight loss treatments (behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical) found that 32% (19) of the trials documented a significant improvement in health-related quality of life compared with controls and half of those studies documented effects over 12 mon…”
Background
Recovery Experience as the Mediating Factor in the Relationship Between Sleep Disturbance and Depressive Symptoms Among Female Nurses in Chinese Public Hospitals: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Ding, J., Gehrman, P., Liu, S., Yang, F., Ma, R., Jia, Y., & Yang, X. (2020) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s243864 · Cited by 23
“Sleep Disturbance The PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form with 8 items, was used to assess sleep disturbance.(32) The respondents were asked to evaluate the severity of sleep disturbance in the past seven days with 5-point options for the scale.”
Method
A 12-month prospective cohort study on symptoms of mental health disorders among Dutch former elite athletes
Oltmans, E., Confectioner, K., Jonkers, R., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., Moen, M. H., Verhagen, E. A. L. M., Wylleman, P., & Gouttebarge, V. (2020) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2020.1868276 · Cited by 26
“A total score ranging from 1 to 20 is obtained by summing up the answers to the four questions, a score of 13 or more indicating the presence of sleep disturbance [19].”
Background
Psychosocial interventions for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Phimphasone-Brady, P., Palmer, B., Vela, A., Johnson, R. L., Harnke, B., Hoffecker, L., Coons, H. L., & Epperson, C. N. (2022) · F&S Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.004 · Cited by 20
Family‐supportive supervisor behaviours: The role of relational resources in work and home domains
Ererdi, C., Rofcanın, Y., Heras, M. L., Barraza, M., Wang, S., Bakker, A. B., Bosch, M. J., & Berber, A. (2023) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12576 · Cited by 21
“Underlying elements of sleep quality include depth, endurance and sustainability of the sleep experienced (Yu et al., 2012).”
Background
Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults
DeBar, L., Wellman, R., Justice, M., Avins, A. L., Beyrouty, M., Eng, C. M., Herman, P. M., Nielsen, A., Pressman, A. R., Stone, K. L., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31348 · Cited by 41
Comorbid Sleep Disturbance in Adolescents with Functional Abdominal Pain
Murphy, L. K., Palermo, T. M., Tham, S. W., Stone, A. L., Han, G. T., Bruehl, S. P., Garber, J., & Walker, L. S. (2020) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2020.1781634 · Cited by 21
“0–8b (Cella et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2012) by rating the extent to which they had difficulty falling and staying asleep and their satisfaction with sleep over the past 7 days using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very much); higher values indicated greater sleep disturbance.”
BackgroundMethod
Randomized phase II study of a home-based walking intervention for radiation-related fatigue among older patients with breast cancer
VanderWalde, N. A., Martin, M. Y., Koçak, M., Morningstar, C., Deal, A. M., Nyrop, K. A., Farmer, M. R., Ballo, M. T., Vanderwalde, A. M., & Muss, H. B. (2020) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2020.09.013 · Cited by 21
A mixed-methods evaluation of a group based trail walking program to reduce anxiety in cancer survivors
Lesser, I., Prystupa, J., Bélanger, L. J., Thomson, C. J., & Nienhuis, C. P. (2020) · Applied cancer research/Applied Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s41241-020-00094-x · Cited by 21
“When compared to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the SD-8 was found to both be valid and reliable [36].”
Result
Bereaved Parents’ Health Outcomes Following the Death of Their Child
Dias, N., Friebert, S. E., Donelan, J., Schoemann, A. M., Morris, A., Guard, K., & Grossoehme, D. H. (2021) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000414 · Cited by 22
“0 Sleep Disturbance — Short Form 8a (Yu et al., 2011).”
Generalized sensory sensitivity is associated with comorbid pain symptoms: a replication study in women with dysmenorrhea
Schrepf, A., Hellman, K. M., Bohnert, A. M., Williams, D. A., & Tu, F. F. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002676 · Cited by 22
Epigenetic age predictors in community-dwelling adults with high impact knee pain
Cruz‐Almeida, Y., Johnson, A. J., Meng, L., Sinha, P., Rani, A., Yoder, S., Huo, Z., Foster, T. C., & Fillingim, R. B. (2022) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/17448069221118004 · Cited by 21
Relationships Between Burnout and Resilience: Experiences of Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Roundy, P. E., Stearns, Z. R., Willis, M. W., Blevins, J. J., Linton, T. A., Medlin, T. R., Winger, J. G., Dorfman, C. S., & Shelby, R. A. (2023) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad022 · Cited by 21
Social Determinants of Health at Multiple Socio-Ecological Levels and Sleep Health in Adolescents: A Scoping Review
Kwon, M., Page, S., Williamson, A. A., Morgan, S., & Sawyer, A. M. (2024) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.102008 · Cited by 19
Measuring Sleep Disturbances in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders
Perney, P., Rigole, H., Mason, B. J., Demattéis, M., & Lehert, P. (2015) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000063 · Cited by 21
“Although additional screening tests have been developed (Brower et al., 2011; Morin et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2011), the SSI is a subset of items of the most widely used and best characterized instruments to measure anxiety and depression, the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales.”
Method
Longitudinal Changes in Symptom Cluster Membership in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conley, S., Jeon, S., Proctor, D. D., Sandler, R. S., & Redeker, N. S. (2018) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12409 · Cited by 21
Light-enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for sleep and fatigue: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial during chemotherapy for breast cancer
Bean, H. R., Stafford, L., Little, R., Diggens, J., Ftanou, M., Alexander, M., Francis, P. A., Bei, B., & Wiley, J. F. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-4196-4 · Cited by 22
Assessing the burden of nocturia in the workplace: the associations between nocturnal voiding, subjective well-being, work engagement and productivity
Hafner, M., Andersson, F., Burtea, T., Stolk, C. V., Whitmore, M., Yerushalmi, E., & Troxel, W. (2020) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2020.1767631 · Cited by 21
Comprehensive transition of care for polycystic ovary syndrome from adolescence to adulthood
Simon, S. L., Phimphasone‐Brady, P., McKenney, K. M., Gulley, L. D., Bonny, A. E., Moore, J. M., Torres-Zegarra, C., & Cree‐Green, M. (2024) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00019-1 · Cited by 26
Exoskeletal-Assisted Walking in Veterans With Paralysis
Spungen, A. M., Dematt, E. J., Biswas, K., Jones, K. M., Mi, Z., Snodgrass, A. J., Morin, K. G., Asselin, P. K., Cirnigliaro, C. M., Kirshblum, S., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31501 · Cited by 20
Using Web-Based Social Media to Recruit Heavy-Drinking Young Adults for Sleep Intervention: Prospective Observational Study
Ash, G. I., Robledo, D. S., Ishii, M., Pittman, B. P., DeMartini, K. S., O’Malley, S. S., Redeker, N. S., & Fucito, L. M. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17449 · Cited by 18
Dysmenorrhea Symptom-Based Phenotypes
Chen, C. X., Carpenter, J. S., Ofner, S., LaPradd, M. L., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2020) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000477 · Cited by 23
“The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance short-form scales were used to measure these respective symptoms (Pilkonis et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2012).”
Method
The Relationship between Food Security Status and Sleep Disturbance among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Indonesian Population
Isaura, E. R., Chen, Y., Su, H.-Y., & Yang, S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113411 · Cited by 24
“%) and the continuous data are presented using mean (SD). a The definition of abdominal obesity for women and men used the waist circumference with cut-off points of >80 cm or >90 cm, respectively. b The body mass index used the adult categorization of body mass index for the Indonesian population. c The definition of…”
MethodInfluential
Evaluation of a Yoga-Based Mind-Body Intervention for Resident Physicians: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Loewenthal, J., Dyer, N. L., Lipsyc-Sharf, M., Borden, S., Mehta, D. H., Dusek, J. A., & Khalsa, S. B. S. (2021) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1177/21649561211001038 · Cited by 20
An Alternative to the Light Touch Digital Health Remote Study: The Stress and Recovery in Frontline COVID-19 Health Care Workers Study
Goodday, S., Karlin, E., Alfarano, A., Brooks, A., Chapman, C., Desille, R., Rangwala, S., Karlin, D. R., Emami, H., Woods, N. F., et al. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/32165 · Cited by 21
“Via the study app, participants were prompted to complete daily, weekly, every 2-week, monthly, and one time measures that involved sociodemographic factors, self-reported measures of daily perceived stress, intermediate signs of stress (sleep, mood, and cognition), additional health-related symptoms, influenza-like i…”
Method
Mediators and moderators of outcome from the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for adults with severe mental illness in a community setting
Armstrong, C. C., Dong, L., & Harvey, A. G. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104053 · Cited by 22
Patient-reported sleep outcomes in randomized-controlled trials in persons with substance use disorders: A systematic review
Huhn, A. S., Ellis, J. D., Dunn, K. E., Sholler, D. J., Tabaschek, P., Burns, R., & Strain, E. C. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109508 · Cited by 20
Technology-based supportive care for metastatic breast cancer patients
Schmitz, K. H., Kanski, B., Gordon, B. R., Caru, M., Vasakar, M., Truica, C. I., Wang, M., Doerksen, S. E., Lorenzo, A., Winkels, R., et al. (2023) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-023-07884-3 · Cited by 20

Authors: Yu, L., Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Moul, D. E., Stover, A., Dodds, N. E., Johnston, K. L., & Pilkonis, P. A.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Cleveland Clinic (US)
ORCID: Yu, Lan
Buysse, Daniel J.
Germain, Anne
Moul, Douglas E.
Stover, Angela
Dodds, Nathan E.
Johnston, Kelly L.
Pilkonis, Paul A.
Venue: Behavioral Sleep Medicine
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 6-24
ISSN: 1540-2002 (ISSN-L)
1540-2010
DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2012.636266
PMC: PMC3261577
OpenAlex: W2053601856
Cited by: 1,241
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 140 · 2025: 183 · 2024: 164 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 17.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Behavioral Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U01AR052171, U01AR52186, U01 AR 52177, U01AR52181, U01AR52155, U01AR052186, U01AR52171, U01AR052170, U01AR052158, U01AR52170, U01AR052155, U01AR052177, U01AR52158, U01AR052181)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: PROMIS, sleep disorders, sleep-related impairment, short form, item bank, computerized adaptive testing, test information function, item discrimination, patient-reported outcomes, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, measurement precision
MeSH terms: Aged, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Wake Disorders, Reproducibility of Results

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Development of Short Forms From the PROMIS™ Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Item Banks

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