Transdiagnostic group CBT for anxiety disorders: the unified protocol in mental health services
Abstract
Comorbidity among the anxiety disorders is common and may negatively impact treatment outcome. Potentially, transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT) deal more effectively with comorbidity than standard CBT. The present study tested the effectiveness of The Unified Protocol (UP) applied to Mental Health Services. Pre-post-treatment effects were examined for psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disorders receiving UP treatment in groups. Forty-seven patients (mean-age = 34.1 (SD = 9.92), 77% females) with a principal diagnosis of anxiety were included. We found significant and clinically meaningful changes in the primary outcomes Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S; d = 1.36), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS; d = .71), and WHO-5 Well-being Index (WHO-5; d = .54). Also, comorbid depressive symptoms and levels of positive and negative affect changed significantly after treatment. Patients with high levels of comorbidity profited as much as patients with less comorbidity; however, these patients had higher scores after treatment due to higher symptom burden at onset. Patients with comorbid depression profited more from treatment than patients without comorbid depression. The treatment effects found in the present study correspond to treatment effects of other TCBT studies, other UP group studies, and effectiveness studies on standard CBT for outpatients. The results indicate that the UP can be successfully applied to a MHS group setting, demonstrating positive effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms for even highly comorbid cases.
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Some studies testing transdiagnostic interventions in improving positive affect measures are uncontrolled trials.
“or they are uncontrolled trials [50-52].”
From Negative and positive affect regulation in a transdiagnostic internet-based protocol for emotional disorders: Randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Reinholt, N., Aharoni, R., Winding, C., Rosenberg, N., Rosenbaum, B., & Arnfred, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Mental Health Services (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Reinholt, Nina
- Venue
- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-10-05
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-43
- ISSN
- 1650-6073 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2316
- OpenAlex
- W2528643610
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- TrygFonden (108184, ID108184)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, comorbid depression, group therapy, psychiatric outpatients, mental health services, treatment effectiveness, affective symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Anxiety Disorders, Denmark, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Group, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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