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Cited by 109Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismLanguage Development and Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Intact first- and second-order false belief reasoning in a patient with severely impaired grammar

Apperly, Ian A., Samson, Dana, Carroll, Naomi, Hussain, Shazia, Humphreys, Glyn·2006·Social Neuroscience
DOI 10.1080/17470910601038693
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Abstract

The retention of first-order theory of mind (ToM) despite severe loss of grammar has been reported in two patients with left hemisphere brain damage (Varley & Siegal, 2000 Varley, R. and Siegal, M. 2000. Evidence for cognition without grammar from causal reasoning and “theory of mind” in an agrammatic aphasic patient. Current Biology, 10: 723–726. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Varley, Siegal, & Want, 2001 Varley, R., Siegal, M. and Want, S. C. 2001. Severe impairment in grammar does not preclude theory of mind. Neurocase, 7: 489–493. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We report a third, and more detailed, case study. Patient PH shows significant general language impairment, and severe grammatical impairment similar to that reported in previous studies. In addition we were able to show that PH's impairment extends to grammatical constructions most closely related to ToM in studies of children (embedded complement clauses and relative clauses). Despite this, PH performed almost perfectly on first-order false belief tasks and on a novel nonverbal second-order false belief task. PH was also successful on a novel test of “ToM semantics” that required evaluation of the certainty implied by different mental state terms. The data strongly suggest that grammar is not a necessary source of structure for explicit ToM reasoning in adults, but do not rule out a critical role for “ToM semantics.” In turn this suggests that the relationship observed between grammar and ToM in studies of children is the result of an exclusively developmental process.

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Show all 32 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. Apperly I. A., Cognition
  2. Burgess P. W., 1997, The Hayling and Brixton Tests – manual
  3. Dunn J., 2005, Why language matters for theory of mind
  4. Hamburger H., 1982, Language development: Vol. 1. Syntax and semantics, 245
  5. Harris M. E., 1988, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Scoring program (Version 2.0)
  6. Harris P. L., 2005, Why language matters for theory of mind
  7. Howard D., 1992, The Pyramids and Palm Trees Test
  8. Kay J., 1992, PALPA: Psycholinguistic Assessment of Language Processing in Aphasia
  9. Laiacona M., 1993, Neurologia e Psichiatria, 2, 209
  10. Riddoch M. J., 1993, Birmingham Object Recognition Battery (BORB)
  11. Trenerry M. R., 1989, Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Test
  12. Violon A., 1984, Test d'apprentissage progressif de dessins sans signification

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Metadata

Authors
Apperly, I. A., Samson, D., Carroll, N., Hussain, S., & Humphreys, G.
Affiliations
University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Apperly, Ian A.
ORCID
Venue
Social Neuroscience
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2006-09
Volume
1
Issue
3-4
Pages
334-348
ISSN
  • 1747-0919 (ISSN-L)
  • 1747-0927
DOI
10.1080/17470910601038693
OpenAlex
W2058676017
Cited by
109
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI
3.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Social Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords
theory of mind, false belief reasoning, second-order false belief, agrammatic aphasia, relative clauses, left hemisphere damage, language impairment, cognitive development
MeSH terms
Adult, Culture, Humans, Language Disorders, Language Tests, Male, Photic Stimulation, Semantics, Stroke

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