Functional organization of social perception and cognition in the superior temporal sulcus
Open accessAbstract
The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is considered a hub for social perception and cognition, including the perception of faces and human motion, as well as understanding others' actions, mental states, and language. However, the functional organization of the STS remains debated: Is this broad region composed of multiple functionally distinct modules, each specialized for a different process, or are STS subregions multifunctional, contributing to multiple processes? Is the STS spatially organized, and if so, what are the dominant features of this organization? We address these questions by measuring STS responses to a range of social and linguistic stimuli in the same set of human participants, using fMRI. We find a number of STS subregions that respond selectively to certain types of social input, organized along a posterior-to-anterior axis. We also identify regions of overlapping response to multiple contrasts, including regions responsive to both language and theory of mind, faces and voices, and faces and biological motion. Thus, the human STS contains both relatively domain-specific areas, and regions that respond to multiple types of social information.
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fMRI reveals that the language network responds reliably when people listen to, read, or generate sentences, but not when they perform arithmetic tasks, engage in logical reasoning, understand computer programs, listen to music, categorize objects or events, reason about people's mental states, or process non-verbal communicative information like facial expressions or gestures.
“it responds reliably when people listen to, read, or generate sentences, but not when they perform arithmetic tasks, engage in logical reasoning, understand computer programs, listen to music, categorize objects or events, reason about people’s mental states, or process non-verbal communicative information like facial expressions or gestures [37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48].”
From Dissociating language and thought in large language models (2024) · cites this paper as [44]
The human brain has dedicated machinery for processing social information.
“A wealth of neuroscientific evidence shows that the human brain has dedicated machinery for processing social information [44, 177].”
From Dissociating language and thought in large language models (2024) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Deen, B., Koldewyn, K., Kanwisher, N., & Saxe, R.
- Affiliations
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deen, Ben
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-06-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4596-4609
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC4816802
- OpenAlex
- W2206163921
- Cited by
- 443
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 47.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University) (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1231216)
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- superior temporal sulcus, social perception, social cognition, functional organization, domain-specific processing, theory of mind, face perception, biological motion, language processing, voice perception
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Social Perception, Temporal Lobe, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Theory of Mind
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