Relational recovery: beyond individualism in the recovery approach
Abstract
Objective: While the recovery approach in mental health currently enjoys immense support, it is not without its critics. The most persistent criticisms focus on the individualism underpinning many conceptualisations of recovery. In this paper, we outline the shortcomings of individualistic approaches to recovery, and explore the alternative notion of relational recovery.Method: We begin this article by reviewing recent research and theory that critiques individualistic approaches to recovery. We then draw together disparate bodies of research that view recovery as an inherently social process.Results: Our reading of the literature suggests that although many models of recovery recognise relationships or connectedness as a component of the recovery process, an overemphasis on the ‘inner’, subjective experiences of people with a lived experience of mental ill-health largely obscures the interpersonal contexts of recovery. Interpersonal relationships can more accurately be seen as suffusing all aspects of recovery, including experiences such as hope, identity and empowerment.Discussion: We conclude by arguing that the way forward for mental health systems lies in developing, promoting and implementing approaches that properly acknowledge the irreducibly relational nature of recovery.
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There has been criticism about personal recovery being defined in individualistic terms that neglect collectivist values more present in some cultural groups.
“There has, however, been criticism about personal recovery being defined in individualistic terms (16) that neglect collectivist values that are more present in some cultural groups (17–20).”
From Recovery from Severe Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review of Service User and Informal Caregiver Perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Relational recovery, however, posits that an individual’s recovery is intertwined with their relationships and wider social determinants (Price-Robertson et al., 2017).”
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Henderson, C., Kotera, Y., Lloyd-Evans, B., Jordan, G., Gorner, M., Salla, A., Kalha, J., Coventry, P., Bojke, L., Hinde, S., et al. (2026) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.70031 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Relational recovery in co-occurring conditions: a qualitative study of first-person experiences
Brekke, E., Ness, O., & Lien, L. (2020) · Advances in Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1108/add-12-2019-0017 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Cameron, S. L. A., Tchernegovski, P., & Maybery, D. J. (2022) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2022.2091760 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“The significance of a person’s social context and relationships is now an important consideration in the care experience, treatment outcomes and for supporting recovery (Australian Government Productivity Commission, 2020; Price-Robertson et al., 2017).”
BackgroundEspeland, K., Hjelmeland, H., & Knizek, B. L. (2021) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2020.1868737 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Change and (the need for) adaptability: the new normal
Reupert, A. (2020) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18387357.2020.1792633 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Brekke, E., Clausen, H. K., Brodahl, M., Lexén, A., Keet, R., Mulder, C. L., & Landheim, A. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727013 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Coates, D., Phelan, R. F., Heap, J., & Howe, D. J. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.05.015 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Robertson, I. E., Sagvaag, H., Selseng, L. B., & Nesvåg, S. M. (2021) · Contemporary Drug Problems · doi:10.1177/00914509211027075 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Research consistent with a Social Practice approach (Price-Robertson et al., 2017; Reckwitz, 2002) argues that identity incorporates the embodied dimensions of recovery as processes of social practices when linking the internal environment of the body and the external environment of the social…”
BackgroundDekkers, A., Ruysscher, C. D., & Vanderplasschen, W. (2019) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2019.1687647 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Newman, J., Boxall, K., Jury, R., & Dickinson, J. (2019) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2019.1594697 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Igniting and Maintaining Hope: The Voices of People Living with Mental Illness
Yeung, W. S., Hancock, N., Honey, A., Wells, K., & Scanlan, J. N. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00557-z · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The importance of peers in promoting hope is consistent with previous literature (Davidson 2016; Price-Robertson et al. 2017).”
BackgroundResultTherapeutic relationships: Making space to practice in chaotic institutional environments
Kingston, M. A., & Greenwood, S. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12620 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ruysscher, C. D., Vandevelde, S., Tomlinson, P., & Vanheule, S. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-020-00347-w · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bellaert, L., Martinelli, T. F., Vanderplasschen, W., Best, D. W., van de Mheen, D., & Laenen, F. V. (2021) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2021.1915250 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wangensteen, T., & Hystad, J. (2022) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.1177/14550725221082366 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ahmed, N., Liu, X., Al-Hazwani, I., & Huang, E. M. (2024) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3613905.3650842 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Collectivists place a strong emphasis on interdependence and collective interests [97], valuing relationships and social integration [10, 71].”
Meeting the Intergenerational Needs of Families Where a Parent Has a Mental Illness
Goodyear, M. J., McDonald, M., von Doussa, H., Cuff, R., & Dunlop, B. (2018) · Journal of Parent and Family Mental Health · doi:10.7191/parentandfamily.1011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Complex cases – Complex representations of problems
Bjerge, B., Christensen, L. R. L., & Oute, J. (2019) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.09.011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Morgan, H. C. M., Nolte, L., Rishworth, B., & Stevens, C. (2019) · Adoption & Fostering · doi:10.1177/0308575919848906 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cassidy, A., & Poon, A. W. C. (2019) · Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions · doi:10.1080/1533256x.2019.1659068 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hall, T., Kakuma, R., Palmer, L. R., Martins, J. S., Minas, H., & Kermode, M. (2019) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czz108 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Harvey, C., Brophy, L., Tibble, H., Killaspy, H., Spittal, M. J., Hamilton, B., Ennals, P., Newton, R., Cruickshank, P., Hall, T., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00383 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Family inclusion has been a policy priority underpinned by growing recognition of family needs, as well as evidence of benefits to the consumer (36, 37).”
BackgroundA Sustainability Model for Family-Focused Practice in Adult Mental Health Services
Allchin, B., Weimand, B. M., O’Hanlon, B., & Goodyear, M. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.761889 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“These barriers are reinforced by organizational contexts that do not routinely identify their client’s parental status (29, 40–42) and are funded to work with individuals within a biomedical professional-centered approach that is focused on treatment in acute episodic care (10, 11, 20, 43).”
BackgroundA family perspective on parental psychosis: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study
Radley, J., Barlow, J., & Johns, L. (2022) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12443 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Peer work in Australian mental health policy: What ‘problems’ are we solving and to what effect(s)?
Sinclair, A., Fernandes, C., Gillieatt, S. J., & Mahboub, L. (2023) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2022.2160926 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Epistemic injustice in experiences of young people with parents with mental health challenges
Yates, S., Gladstone, B., Foster, K., Hagström, A. S., Reupert, A., O’Dea, L., Cuff, R., McGaw, V. E., & Hine, R. H. (2023) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13730 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“A growing body of work explores the complex interactions of stigma and family communication for families affected by mental health challenges (Price-Robertson et al., 2016).”
BackgroundRuysscher, C. D., Vanheule, S., & Vandevelde, S. (2017) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2017.1375461 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…Gate’-afternoons (where the local neighbors come over for coffee and cake) tally with a social approach to recovery, in which full participation and the reclaiming of valued social roles are crucial (Price-Robertson et al., 2016; Tew et al., 2012; Vandekinderen, Roets, Roose, & Van Hove, 2012).”
BackgroundTomlinson, P., & Ruysscher, C. D. (2019) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2019.1680345 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Trangsrud, L. K. J., Borg, M., Bratland‐Sanda, S., & Klevan, T. (2021) · Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning · doi:10.1080/14729679.2021.1894954 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“ecological context may run the risk of transferring the responsibility for recovery to a person’s selfcare strategies (Price-Robertson et al., 2017).”
BackgroundKlevan, T., Sommer, M., Borg, M., Karlsson, B., Sundet, R., & Kim, H. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413180 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The recovery process is seen as inseparable from the social and cultural milieus of the people concerned [12].”
BackgroundHow older adults recovering from substance use problems experience mattering
Bahl, N. K. H., Nafstad, H. E., Blakar, R. M., Øversveen, E., Brodahl, M., Ness, O., & Prilleltensky, I. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-10413-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Thus, the findings support an understanding of recovery as a relational [31] and social [37] process.”
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“It seems essential to adopt a relational vision of recovery (32).”
BackgroundKlevan, T., Jonassen, R., Sælør, K. T., & Borg, M. (2020) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/1609406920967868 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sunde, O. S., Vatne, S., & Ytrehus, S. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13456 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Challenges of connectedness in personal recovery for rural mothers with mental illness
Hine, R. H., Maybery, D. J., & Goodyear, M. J. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12353 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hoefer, M. J. D., Kleunen, L. V., Goodby, C., Blackburn, L. B., Panati, P., & Voida, S. (2021) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3461778.3461995 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“For example, it might be challenging for someone with SMI to understand how to self-assess mood on a numerical scale.”
BackgroundInfluentialPeer Worker-Supported Transition from Hospital to Home—Outcomes for Service Users
Hancock, N., Berry, B., Banfield, M., Pike-Rowney, G., Scanlan, J. N., & Norris, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052743 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A narrative study of mental health recovery: exploring unique, open-ended and collective processes
Reed, N. P., Josephsson, S., & Alsaker, S. (2020) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2020.1747252 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bendel-Rozow, T. (2021) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2021.101830 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Systematic Mapping Review of Family Perspectives About Received Mental Health Interventions
Walters, C., & Petrakis, M. (2021) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315211010950 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…future research to understand which interventions best support carers in their roles is important especially with the growing emphasis on relational recovery (Price-Robertson et al., 2016) and the need for families and carers to undergo their own journey of recovery (Wyder & Bland, 2014).”
BackgroundBarnes, S., Carson, J. F., & Gournay, K. (2022) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13822 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Veseth, M., Binder, P.-E., & Stige, S. H. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0166-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Similarly, Price-Robertson, Obradovic and Morgan [8] call for a new vision of relational recovery that is “based on the idea that human beings are interdependent creatures; that people’s lives and experiences cannot be separated from the social contexts in which they are embedded” (p.”
BackgroundInfluentialSchizophrenia, recovery and the individual-cultural considerations
Tirupati, S., & Ramachandran, P. (2019) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1039856219889320 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“1177/1039856219889320 Australasian Psychiatry 2020, Vol 28(2) 190 –192 © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.”
BackgroundLevy-Fenner, E., Colucci, E., & McDonough, S. (2022) · Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s40737-022-00319-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…from their supportive social contexts, and family recovery , where individuals’ interpersonal or familial roles are considered, may be well suited to people in cultures with more collectivist values (Glynn et al., 2006; O’Hagan et al., 2012; Price-Robertson et al., 2016; Tse & Ng, 2014).”
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“23 The integration of these professionals in the collaboration process and the development of a coherent and structured methodology for active involvement are crucial pillars on which to build health services that are truly user ‐ oriented, by understanding, valuing and integrating the knowledge…”
Background
- Authors
- Price-Robertson, R., Obradovic, A., & Morgan, B.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Emerging Minds, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Corresponding author
- Price-Robertson, Rhys
- Venue
- Advances in Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-10-13
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 108-120
- ISSN
- 1446-7984 (ISSN-L)
- 1838-7357
- 1837-4905
- OpenAlex
- W2531276615
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 27.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- recovery approach, individualism, interpersonal relationships, social connectedness, mental illness, hope, identity, empowerment, lived experience, mental health system
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